杂种卡特兰花粉萌发和花粉贮藏性研究

以杂种卡特兰品种‘绿世界’(Rhyncholaeliocattleya Sung Ya Green‘Green World’)的新鲜花粉为试材,采用正交试验比较了蔗糖、H3BO3、CaCl2对花粉萌发的影响。结果表明,适宜的花粉培养基为:蔗糖100 gL-1+H3BO3 40 mgL-1+CaCl2 150 mgL-1。不同贮藏方法对杂种卡特兰花粉萌发率的影响较大,4℃低温湿润贮藏30 d后,花粉萌发率仅为3.5%,而4℃低温干燥贮藏、-20℃冷冻湿润和干燥贮藏720 d后,花粉仍然具有较高的活力,花粉萌发率均达32.5%以上,且对授粉结实率没有明显影响。杂种卡特兰的授粉最佳时期为开花后0-8 d,花粉块在整个花期均保持较高的活性。     

培养基组分、激素及pH值对转基因白桦花粉萌发的影响

采用花粉离体培养法研究了培养基不同组分、激素及pH值对转基因白桦（Betula platyphylla Suk.）花粉萌发的影响。结果表明,培养基组分在一定范围内促进花粉萌发,转基因白桦花粉萌发对硼酸和Ca^2＋的反应敏感,培养基中缺乏该物质时花粉不萌发。激素类物质低浓度时促进萌发,高浓度时抑制萌发。最适合培养基组分为蔗糖18%,硼酸0.015%,Ca^2＋ 0.020%,pH6.0,NAA 10mg/ml,6-BA 1mg/ml。并对不同保存条件（4℃,-20℃）下转基因白桦花粉的萌发率进行了比较,4℃下干燥保存更有利于保持转基因白桦花粉的活力。     

不同脱水处理对桔梗花粉离体萌发及贮藏性能的影响

对桔梗花粉离体萌发条件进行了筛选,并采用花粉离体萌发法测定了不同干燥方式和贮藏时间处理对桔梗花粉生活力的影响;同时采用人工授粉的方法研究了不同处理后桔梗花粉授粉结实能力的变化。结果表明：（1）30℃培养1.5h是桔梗花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的最佳培养条件。（2）不同干燥方式、不同干燥时间处理后桔梗花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有所下降,但下降幅度不同,其中以干燥箱45℃烘干处理1.5h~2h下降最少,其花粉耐藏性也有明显提高。（3）不同干燥方式处理桔梗花粉后其授粉结籽率的变化明显不同,阴置2h处理的花粉结籽率最低,而干燥器内放置6h、日晒2h和烘干1.5h处理后花粉结籽率略有变化;干燥处理后随贮藏时间的增加,其授粉结籽率均呈下降趋势,但45℃烘干1.5h处理的花粉结籽率下降速度最慢,其授粉结籽能力可保持5d左右。     

不同温湿条件下贮藏的3种禾本科植物花粉活力变化(简报)

测定水稻、玉米和狼见草花粉在低温（5℃）低湿（45％）、低温（5℃）高湿（80％）、高温（35℃）低湿（45％）和高温（35℃）高湿（90％）4种贮藏条件下的活力表明：低温高湿下花粉活力保持的时间最长;狼尾草花粉比水稻、玉米花粉耐贮藏,在低温高湿条件下贮藏30d后,仍有38．3％的萌发率;狼尾草花粉中蛋白质含量较高,淀粉含量较低。     

海州常山花粉低温贮藏及其生理生化特征研究

以海州常山花粉为研究材料,探究了贮藏方式、贮藏时间、贮藏温度及预冻方式、低温解冻方式对花粉萌发率的影响,以及-80 ℃及4 ℃低温贮藏过程中海州常山花粉保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的变化,以筛选海州常山花粉的培养方法及贮藏条件,为其杂交育种奠定基础。结果表明：（1）进行低温贮藏时,花药和散粉两种贮藏效果差异不显著;不同的预冷方式对花粉低温贮藏影响并不显著;-80 ℃贮藏条件下,37 ℃水浴解冻效果显著优于室温解冻。（2）海州常山花粉在-80 ℃低温下贮藏90 d后仍具有7.99%的萌发率,更有效的保持了花粉萌发率。（3）随着低温胁迫时间的延续,4 ℃及-80 ℃两种低温条件下贮藏的海州常山花粉超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性均呈现出先升后降的趋势。（4）4 ℃及-80 ℃两种低温贮藏的海州常山花粉可溶性糖含量及-80 ℃低温贮藏的海州常山花粉可溶性蛋白含量,随着低温胁迫时间的延续,呈现出先升后降的趋势;4 ℃低温贮藏条件下的海州常山花粉可溶性蛋白含量呈现逐渐下降的趋势。研究认为,海州常山花粉更适宜于在-80 ℃低温下长期贮藏,它可以通过提高自身的SOD、POD活性,增加可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白累积来增强抗寒性,维持自身活力。     

垂丝紫荆花粉贮藏及生活力研究

为进行紫荆杂交育种和开发利用,以垂丝紫荆花粉为试材,利用离体培养法、3种染色法（醋酸洋红、TTC和碘-碘化钾染色）对花粉生活力进行测定,并分析不同贮藏温度和时间对花粉萌发的影响。结果显示,培养基中添加蔗糖和硼酸对花粉的萌发有促进作用,垂丝紫荆花粉萌发的适宜培养基为120 g/L蔗糖+40 mg/L硼酸,花粉萌发率达86.23%;醋酸洋红染色法适宜快速测定垂丝紫荆花粉生活力;垂丝紫荆花粉最佳的贮藏温度为 -196 ℃,经济的贮藏方法为-20 ℃。     

不同温温条件下贮藏的3种禾本科植物花粉活力变化（简报）

测定水稻、玉米和狼尾草花粉在低温（５℃）低湿（４５％）、低温（５℃）高湿（８０％）、高温（３５℃）低湿（４５％）和高温（３５℃）高湿（９０％）４种贮藏条件下的活力表明：低温高湿下花粉活力保持的时间最长;狼尾草花粉比水稻、玉米花粉耐贮藏,在低湿高湿条件下贮藏３０ｄ后,仍有３８．３％的萌发率;狼尾草花粉中蛋白质含量较高,淀粉含量较低。     

柑桔种间体细胞杂种的花粉特性及贮藏研究

对粗柠檬与“哈姆林”甜橙种间体细胞杂种的花粉特性(形态、花粉量、生活力等)进行了观察、检测,并于-20℃的低温条件下开展了贮藏试验。结果表明：花粉离体萌发的适宜培养基为0．8％琼脂 16％蔗糖 10mg／kg硼酸,萌发率为15．31％,其生活力介于两亲本之间,可作为杂交亲本进一步被利用。贮藏试验结果显示：以真空、干燥(CaCl2或硅胶作干燥剂)贮藏花粉的效果较好。授粉试验证明,贮藏花粉与新鲜花粉的座果率差异不显著,说明低温、真空和干燥是贮藏粗柠檬与“哈姆林”甜橙种间体细胞杂种花粉的较适条件。     

黄藤花粉萌发与低温贮藏研究

用培养法对黄藤花粉进行了蔗糖浓度梯度、培养温度和培养时间试验;用干燥脱水法对黄藤花粉进行了低温贮藏研究.结果表明:(1)10%~15%的蔗糖浓度有利于花粉萌发生长;(2)花粉在31~35℃下培养6~9 h,其萌发生长最佳;(3)黄藤花粉随着贮藏时间的延长,花粉萌发率逐渐下降,花粉管长度较短;随着贮藏温度的加深,花粉萌发率下降趋于缓慢,花粉管长度较长。尤其在45℃下恒温干燥4 h,并在-20~-30℃下贮藏的花粉,540 d后仍然保持了较高的萌发率和较长的花粉管;(4)40℃水浴化冻和室温化冻均可用于黄藤花粉解冻,两者效果一样。     

悬铃木花粉生活力及贮藏力的研究

以30~40年生悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)的花粉为试材,研究了不同培养基对其萌发的作用,同时探讨了不同贮藏条件和贮藏时间对花粉生活力的影响。结果表明:悬铃木花粉在15%蔗糖 0.01%硼酸的培养基上培养24 h后萌发率最高;附加琼脂的固体培养基对花粉的萌发影响不大;50 mg/L的赤霉素对悬铃木花粉的萌发没有明显的抑制或促进作用;花粉干燥后在低温4℃下贮藏能保持较长的生活力,比未经干燥25℃和4℃下贮藏分别长35 d和20 d。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).