分级诊疗制度的现状分析及对策思考

随着新医改的逐步深入，各省市都在推行分级诊疗制度，探索建立分级诊疗模式。文章介绍了山东省的分级诊疗现状，针对具体情况进行原因分析，并提出政策建议，以期不断完善分级诊疗机制，进一步推动医改进程。     

我国分级诊疗发展历程及政策演变研究

分级诊疗已成为“健康中国”战略的核心制度体系,并作为重塑我国医疗服务体系的重要内容。通过对我国分级诊疗发展历程和相关政策的梳理,总结分析了不同阶段分级诊疗发展的经验与教训,为分级诊疗制度的理论研究和政策制定提供制度的分析视角和历史资料的参考。     

立法推进分级诊疗制度建设的思考

自2015年发布《关于推进分级诊疗制度建设的指导意见》以来,相关配套政策相继出台,分级诊疗制度能否持续有效贯彻落实,仍需法律层面的调整和保障。为此,针对当前分级诊疗制度建设存在的主要问题,作者进行了深入调查分析,提出了立法推进分级诊疗制度建设的思路和建议。     

南充市高坪区居民关于分级诊疗制度知晓度调查及分析

目的:了解南充市高坪区居民分级诊疗制度的知晓程度,以及对该制度的实施提供进一步理论依据。方法:采取自制调查问卷进行面对面调查,并用统计学方法进行分析。结果:在接受调查居民中,对分级诊疗制度的知晓率为87.3%,然而分级诊疗制度实施结果并不理想。结论:居民对分级诊疗制度的知晓率与分级诊疗制度实施情况不相符,说明分级诊疗制度实施仍然面临许多阻碍。     

我国分级诊疗

实施分级诊疗制度是深化我国医药卫生体制改革的核心战略要求,其实质是在卫生、财政、医保、药品监督等多部门协同作用下,各层医疗机构之间实现诊疗服务的科学性和连续性,形成预防、治疗、康复等有机整体,达到合理有序的就医格局。当前的分级诊疗制度存在分级诊疗体系建设不完善,基层首诊实现程度低,缺乏利益激励机制以及信息化程度不高等问题,对此提出相应的建设性对策,以实现分级诊疗制度的可持续推进。     

分级诊疗制度建设的影响因素分析及对策研究

建立分级诊疗制度是解决群众看病难、看病贵的根本性措施,关系卫生改革的成败。通过对近几年我国分级诊疗制度建设不成功的诸多原因进行分析,认为收支两条线是关键,并结合实际提出对策。     

台湾地区全民健保下分级诊疗制度之借鉴

借鉴我国台湾地区全民健保下分级诊疗制度,落实和完善现行分级诊疗制度以保证医疗资源的合理配置。利用文献分析,对比研究两岸不同卫生体制下分级诊疗制度实施现状,结合专家访谈的形式明确台湾分级诊疗制度的特点。通过建立短期医疗网计划、成立社区医疗群、改革医保补偿机制、构筑医联体等方式优化分级诊疗制度。     

基于社会分工理论的分级诊疗服务体系研究

医疗卫生服务体系结构复杂，建立规划合理、分工明确的分级诊疗服务体系是保障医疗资源合理配置、提高医疗服务协调性和连续性的重要手段。通过探讨当前分级诊疗服务体系存在的问题，进而结合社会分工理论为形成适应我国国情的分级诊疗制度提出对策建议。     

基于电子文件的分级诊疗模式研究

目的 了解我国分级诊疗现状和业务流程，提出基于电子文件的分级诊疗服务模式。方法 采用描述分析法对当前分级诊疗业务及所产生的电子文件进行研究，结合电子文件的特性，探索分级诊疗服务模式。结果 从电子文件中心构建、双向转诊、远程医疗、慢性病管理等方面构建了基于电子文件的分级诊疗模式。结论 基于电子文件开展分级诊疗服务能优化现有的业务流程，为分级诊疗进程的不断推进提供信息化支撑。     

基于新制度主义的分级诊疗制度创新研究

为了合理利用区域医疗卫生资源,国家倡导建立分级诊疗制度以缓解“看病难、看病贵”问题。但在实际实施过程中,分级诊疗制度遭遇制度动力不足和实施效率低下等问题。基于新制度主义的理论观点,认为新制度的“合法性”危机、原有体制的路径依赖以及制度变革中的权力与利益博弈是产生分级诊疗制度化困境的原因。因此,我们应该创新分级诊疗制度,建立以政府与市场共同参与的分级诊疗实施网络,重新配置医疗卫生资源,完善社区医疗机构的“守门人”制度,加快社会组织的功能实现,实现分级诊疗制度的利益共享。     

县级医院实施分级诊疗机制探讨

北京市延庆县医院作为北京市公立医院改革的试点单位之一,在实施分级诊疗的过程中进行了一系列的探索,总结了部分经验。通过发现实施分级诊疗过程中存在的问题,提出相应的对策,从而不断促进分级诊疗机制的完善,并为其他县级医院实施分级诊疗机制提供经验。     

德国分级诊疗实践和经验及对我国的启示

通过介绍德国医疗服务制度,总结并分析了德国分级诊疗的优势,并借鉴德国的经验,从构建新型分级诊疗体系、提升基层机构人员素质、规范医保报销和加大政府投入方面,提出我国构建分级诊疗服务体系的思路。

     

公立医疗机构政府补偿与监管机制的研究框架

在补偿机制扭曲、政府监管滞后的背景下,科学设定公立医疗机构政府补偿标准和方式,改进政府监管手段和能力对保障公立医疗机构公益性具有重要意义。上海市闵行区开展了基于公益性绩效的政府补偿机制改革和基于信息平台的政府监管机制改革。文章以新公共行政理论为指导,总结闵行区政府补偿和监管机制的特点,评价改革的效果,并且探索分析补偿和监管机制改革对医疗机构运行绩效的影响,为深化公立医院改革提供决策参考。     

Do Physical Proximity and Availability of Adequate Infrastructure at Public Health Facility Increase Institutional Delivery? A Three Level Hierarchical Model Approach

This study aims to examine the inter-district and inter-village variation of utilization of health services for institutional births in EAG states in presence of rural health program and availability of infrastructures. District Level Household Survey-III (2007–08) data on delivery care and facility information was used for the purpose. Bivariate results examined the utilization pattern by states in presence of correlates of women related while a three-level hierarchical multilevel model illustrates the effect of accessibility, availability of health facility and community health program variables on the utilization of health services for institutional births. The study found a satisfactory improvement in state Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, importantly, in Bihar and Uttaranchal. The study showed that increasing distance from health facility discouraged institutional births and there was a rapid decline of more than 50% for institutional delivery as the distance to public health facility exceeded 10 km. Additionally, skilled female health worker (ANM) and observed improved public health facility led to significantly increase the probability of utilization as compared to non-skilled ANM and not-improved health centers. Adequacy of essential equipment/laboratory services required for maternal care significantly encouraged deliveries at public health facility. District/village variables neighborhood poverty was negatively related to institutional delivery while higher education levels in the village and women’s residing in more urbanized districts increased the utilization. “Inter-district” variation was 14 percent whereas “between-villages” variation for the utilization was 11 percent variation once controlled for all the three-level variables in the model. This study suggests that the mere availability of health facilities is necessary but not sufficient condition to promote utilization until the quality of service is inadequate and inaccessible considering the inter-districts variation for the program implementation.     

国内医院预约挂号的现状和建议

随着国家医疗改革的不断深入,卫生部针对国内大部分综合性医院门诊挂号拥挤的现象和因此导致的众多问题,推出了预约挂号的新政。预约挂号实行以来减轻了门诊拥挤,提高了诊疗效率,方便了患者就诊,但在实际推广仍有不足,因此需要推广实名制挂号、构建统一预约挂号平台、加强信用建设、完善医院管理创新、试行社区预约转诊等,实现预约挂号的"人性化、精细化、信息化、社会化"。     

新时期全面推进依法治院的实践与思考

立足医疗卫生行业的特殊性,结合近年来吉林大学中日联谊医院的工作实践,概括出医院制度建设中最为关键的3个环节,即制定制度、落实制度和改进制度,并详细介绍了医院在各环节的具体做法,以期为医院制度建设、推进依法治院提供一定的参考。     

The safety net of the safety net: how federally qualified health centers "subsidize" Medicaid managed care

In this article, I examine the impact of neoliberalism and welfare reform on the delivery of Medicaid, specifically how the advent of Medicaid managed care (MMC) has been wrought with contradictions, placing increased burdens on primary safety-net organizations and impacting the many communities they serve. I argue that federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) operate as a primary safety net among safety-net providers, supporting and subsidizing New Mexico's MMC program financially and administratively. By presenting ethnographic data, I will demonstrate how FQHCs pay many of the hidden financial and institutional costs of the shift to managed care. Such findings uncover paradoxes inherent to neoliberal ideologies and privatization, raising questions about the efficacy of a managed care system for Medicaid as well as the future of the health care safety net and access to health care for the diverse populations it serves.     

基于博弈论与激励相容理论的我国分级诊疗体系分析

目的 了解政府、大型综合医院、上级医疗机构与基层医疗机构在分级诊疗体系下的利益诉求,以推进分级诊疗体系的建立。方法 采用博弈论分析这些利益主体间的矛盾,利用激励相容理论提出建议。结果 政府投入不足,上级医疗机构不愿下沉医疗资源,基层医疗机构能力不足等问题阻碍了分级诊疗体系的推行。结论 发挥政府引领作用,加大政府投入;加强医疗机构的分工协作,合理配置医疗资源;提高基层医疗机构服务能力。     

Making the health care system 'safe' for persons with HIV infection or AIDS.

If health care reform is implemented in states and nationally, the safety of this process needs to be examined for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Reform should assure ongoing prevention and transmission control of HIV and continuous coverage of medical costs for persons ill with HIV or AIDS. These persons currently benefit from various state and federal categoric programs designed to assure access to preventive and personal care services. Washington State has passed health care reform legislation that envisions integrating these programs to provide a system of population-based and personal health care. This legislation was analyzed using existing epidemiologic and entitlement information about persons with HIV infection or AIDS in the state to assess its effect. The relationship between public health and personal care services will be a central concern for those with HIV infection or AIDS, and complete coverage of this group may be achieved relatively late in the process of implementing health care reform. Health personnel planning under health care reform will affect the delivery of HIV- and AIDS-related services. Including treatment of AIDS in the basic benefit package merits particular attention. These issues parallel those being faced by the nation as a whole as it seeks to ensure epidemic disease control and compassionate care for long-term disabling illness if health care reform is implemented.