鸡传染性支气管炎病毒中国分离株LX4纤突蛋白基因分子特征

应用RT-PCR方法分别扩增了中国地方分离株IBV LX4 S1和S2基因并进行了基因的克隆和序列测定.结果发现,LX4 S基因由3495个核苷酸组成,编码一条1164个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.S基因编码产物裂解后形成的S1和S2亚单位分别由539和625个氨基酸残基组成.LX4 S基因推导氨基酸切割识别位点序列为HRRRR,与A2、SD/97/02和Z株相同,而与其它国内外参考毒株不同.与国内外10株已报道的具有全S基因序列的IBV参考毒株比较,LX4与国内分离毒株SD/97/02的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性最高.与32株国内外参考毒株的S1基因进化树分析比较表明,LX4与A2、SD/97/02、Z、TJ/96/02、JX/99/01和SAIBWJ等7个国内分离株在同一亚群内.在该亚群内,LX4与A2和SD/97/02亲缘关系更近,且三者在高变区和抗原表位均具有高度的同源性,而与本亚群内其它参考毒株对应的高变区和抗原表位同源性差异较大.LX4与H120 S1基因编码氨基酸的同源性虽然高于其它国外参考毒株,但同源性仍然较低,为75%.与参考毒株比较,LX4 S2基因的点突变造成其推导的氨基酸序列有11个位点发生改变,这些突变可能影响S2与S1蛋白之间的相互作用,从而影响S蛋白与特异性抗体的结合.     

中国1995～2004年鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方分离株膜蛋白基因的遗传变异分析

应用RT-PCR方法扩增到了我国1995～2004年20株IBV现地分离株的膜蛋白(Membrane,M)基因片段.序列测定表明,20株IBV分离株M基因开放阅读框由672～681bp组成,编码由223～226个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.与我国分离株LX4相比,M基因推导氨基酸序列的变异主要发生在2～17位、221～223位,其中4～6位存在氨基酸的插入和缺失,导致IBV毒株间M蛋白糖基化位点的差异.与GenBank中34株IBV参考毒株M蛋白基因推导氨基酸序列进行比较和分析,系统进化关系显示54株IBV毒株分属于5个进化群.我国IBV分离株M基因在进化关系上较为独立,主要分布在第Ⅱ群和第Ⅳ群,其中第Ⅱ群分离株和中国台湾毒株进化关系密切.此外,参考IBV国内分离株S1基因及N基因系统发育进化树的研究结果,并与M基因进行比较,表明我国IBV也存在着基因重组现象,尤其是疫苗毒和流行毒之间的重组.     

鸡传染性支气管炎中国地方分离毒株LX4mRNA1ORF1的遗传变异特征

应用RT-PCR方法扩增了冠状病毒鸡传染性支气管炎中国分离毒株LX4的mRNA1 ORF1,并将其进行了克隆、序列测定和分析.表明LX4mRNA1基因包含2个ORF,其中ORF1a由11 916个核苷酸组成,编码一条3 971个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.ORF1b由7 950个核苷酸组成,编码2 649个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.与美国Beaudette株对应的ORF1a核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列同源性均为85%,与对应的ORF1b的同源性分别为89%和95%.二者ORF1a和ORF1b重叠区推测的"滑脱序列"(slippery sequence)核苷酸序列一致,"假结"(pseudoknot)基本结构相似.不同之处在于"假结"第2环中LX4的第7位为A,而Beaudette株在该位置为G.与Beaudette株比较,LX4 ORF1a核苷酸变异最频繁的区域集中在第2 656～3 098位碱基处,且在该区域有60个碱基的插入,导致推导的氨基酸序列插入了20个氨基酸残基.LX4 ORF1b序列缺失9个核苷酸,主要集中在第5 168～5 181位之间,导致对应的氨基酸缺失3个.但这些差异是否与病毒的生物学特性有关不明.     

引起免疫失败的IBV分离株的生物学特性及结构基因分析

本研究应用鸡胚尿囊腔接种的方法,从广西患传染性支气管炎的免疫失败的病鸡中分离到一株传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)(命名GX-YES),通过间接血凝试验、动物回归试验和气管环交叉中和试验对该毒株进行鉴定和主要生物学特性的研究,同时利用RT-PCR技术扩增克隆该病毒的SI基因和N基因并测定其核苷酸序列.结果表明:该病毒株有间接血凝性;致病性较强;血清型不同于常用疫苗株H120、Ma5、4/91.同源性分析表明,SI基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列与参考株的同源性分别为63.5%～81.2%和50.7%～78.8%;N基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列与参考株的同源性分别为85.7%～87.2%和89.5%～91.7%;SI基因和N基因系统进化分析表明分离株与其它参考毒株的亲缘关系较远.SI基因和N基因分型与血清学试验结果相吻合.本研究结果提示了广西分离株GX-YL5可能是一个新的变异株,这可能是目前免疫失败的重要因素,同时也为研制适合本地使用的IBV疫苗提供了科学依据和物质基础.     

中国2000-2004年鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方分离株核蛋白基因的遗传变异分析

对2000-2004年从中国9个省市分离到的13株IBV的核蛋白基因片段进行序列测定及分析的结果表明,13株IBV分离株核蛋白基因均含有一个长1230bp的ORF,但存在基因突变现象.与GenBank中的42株参考毒株核蛋白基因序列进行比较和分析,系统进化关系显示55株IBV毒株分属于9个群.第Ⅰ-Ⅲ群主要包括美国、日本、荷兰等国家以及中国的部分IBV分离株和疫苗株.其中本研究中的CK/CH/LHN/00I可能为一株分离的疫苗毒,CK/CH/LSD/03I、CK/CH/LDL/01I可能为重组毒.而中国近十年来分离的IBV毒株主要分布在第Ⅵ-Ⅷ群中,此3群内IBV毒株之间N蛋白推导氨基酸同源性为88.3%～100%,与其他各群之间同源性为62.3%～95.1%.因此,此基因型的IBV毒株可能在中国已有较长时期的存在且发生了较大程度的变异.其中第Ⅵ群中两株韩国分离株与中国IBV分离株具有较近的亲缘关系.以上结果表明,中国大多数IBV分离株在N基因进化关系上较为独立,与国外毒株相比,和韩国毒株进化关系密切.此外,中国IBV毒株基因重组现象更加普遍,尤其是疫苗毒和野毒之间的重组.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒变异株(793/B)核蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank已经发表的传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)N全基因组序列设计引物,对IBV 793/B分离毒株N基因进行克隆与序列分析.结果表明,IBV 793/B的N基因由1229bp组成,与GenBank已发表的11株IBV的N基因相比较,IBV 793/B的N基因共有88处点突变,在第991位发生了一个核苷酸的缺失.N基因的核苷酸同源性为86.9%～91.4%,氨基酸同源性为75.8%～77.5%.表明IBV 93/B的N基因存在着较大的变异性.     

中国2000—2004年鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方分离株核蛋白基因的遗传变异分析

对2000-2004年从中国9个省市分离到的13株IBV的核蛋白基因片段进行序列测定及分析的结果表明,13株IBV分离株核蛋白基因均含有一个长1230bp的ORF,但存在基因突变现象。与GenBank中的42株参考毒株核蛋白基因序列进行比较和分析,系统进化关系显示55株IBV毒株分属于9个群。第Ⅰ-Ⅲ群主要包括美国、日本、荷兰等国家以及中国的部分IBV分离株和疫苗株。其中本研究中的CK/CH/LHN/00I可能为一株分离的疫苗毒,CK/CH/LSD/03I、CK/CH/LDL/01I可能为重组毒。而中国近十年来分离的IBV毒株主要分布在第Ⅵ-Ⅷ群中,此3群内IBV毒株之间N蛋白推导氨基酸同源性为88.3%～100%,与其他各群之间同源性为62.3%～95.1%。因此,此基因型的IBV毒株可能在中国已有较长时期的存在且发生了较大程度的变异。其中第Ⅵ群中两株韩国分离株与中国IBV分离株具有较近的亲缘关系。以上结果表明,中国大多数IBV分离株在N基因进化关系上较为独立,与国外毒株相比,和韩国毒株进化关系密切。此外,中国IBV毒株基因重组现象更加普遍,尤其是疫苗毒和野毒之间的重组。     

Crystal structures of MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2 and mixtures of MoCl2(O2)(OPPh3)2 and MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPPh3)2: allylic alcohol isomerization studies using MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2

Adding one equivalent of H₂O₂ to compounds of stoichiometry MoCl₂(O)₂(OPR₃)₂, OPR₃ = OPMePh₂ or OPPh₃, leads to the formation of oxo-peroxo compounds MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPR₃)₂. The compound MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPMePh₂)₂ crystallized with an unequal disorder, 63%:37%, between the oxo and peroxo ligands, as verified by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, and can be isolated in reasonable yields. MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPPh₃)₂, was not isolated in pure form, co-crystallized with MoCl₂(O)₂(OPPh₃)₂ in two ratios, 18%:82% and 12%:88%, respectively, and did not contain any disorder in the arrangement of the oxo and peroxo groups. These complexes accomplish the isomerization of various allylic alcohols. A mechanism of this reaction has been constructed based on ¹⁸O isotopic studies and involves exchange between the alcohol and metal bonded O atoms.     

Solution-mediated syntheses and characterizations of two new zincophosphites [C6H14N2]0.5[Zn(H2PO3)2] and [C4H12N2]0.5[(CH3)2NH2][Zn2(HPO3)3]

Two new zincophosphites [C₆H₁₄N₂]_0.5[Zn(H₂PO₃)₂] 1 and [C₄H₁₂N₂]_0.5[(CH₃)₂NH₂][Zn₂(HPO₃)₃] 2 have been solvothermally synthesized in mixed solvents of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1,4-dioxane (DOA), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits a neutral inorganic chain formed by ZnO₄ and HPO₂(OH) units. Interestingly, the left- and right-handed hydrogen-bonded helical chains are alternately formed via the hydrogen-bonds between two adjacent chains. Compound 2 exhibits a layer structure with 4- and 12-MRs formed by ZnO₄ and HPO₃ units, in which two kinds of organic amine molecules both act as countercations to compensate the overall negative electrostatic charge of the anionic network.     

Synthesis, structure and properties of TTF-carboxylate bridged paddlewheel dirhodium complexes, Rh2(BuCO2)3(TTFCO2) and Rh2(BuCO2)2(TTFCO2)2

Reaction of tetrathiafulvalene carboxylic acid (TTFCO₂H) with paddlewheel dirhodium complex Rh₂(Bu^tCO₂)₄ yielded TTFCO₂-bridged complexes Rh₂(Bu^tCO₂)₃(TTFCO₂) (1) and cis- and trans-Rh₂(Bu^tCO₂)₂(TTFCO₂)₂ (cis- and trans-2). Their triethylamine adducts [1(NEt₃)₂] and cis-[2(NEt₃)₂] were purified and isolated with chromatographic separation, and characterized with single crystal X-ray analysis. Trans-[2(NEt₃)₂] is not completely separated from a mixture of cis- and trans-[2(NEt₃)₂], but its single crystals were obtained from a solution of the mixture. A three-step quasi-reversible oxidation process was observed for 1 in MeCN. The first two steps correspond to the oxidation of the TTFCO₂ moiety and the last one is the oxidation of the Rh₂ core. The oxidation of cis-2 is observed as a two-step process with very similar E_1/2 values to those of the first two processes for 1. Both 1⁺ and cis-2²⁺ in MeCN at room temperature show isotropic ESR spectra with a g value of 2.008 and a_H = 0.135 mT for two equivalent H atoms and a_H = 0.068 mT for one H atom. The redox and ESR data of cis-2 suggest that the intramolecular interaction between the TTF moieties is very small.     

Comparative study of three magnetic nano-particles (FeSO4, FeSO4/SiO2, FeSO4/SiO2/TiO2) in plasmid DNA extraction

Recent updates on Magnetic Nano-Particles (MNPs) based separation of nucleic acids have received more attention due to their easy manipulation, simplicity, ease of automation and cost-effectiveness. It has been indicated that DNA molecules absorb on solid surfaces via hydrogen-bonding, and hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. These properties highly depend on the surface condition of the solid support. Therefore, surface modification of MNPs may enhance their functionality and specification. In the present study, we functionalized Fe₃O₄ nano-particle surface utilizing SiO₂ and TiO₂ layer as Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂ and then compare their functionality in the adsorption of plasmid DNA molecules with the naked Fe₃O₄ nano-particles. The result obtained showed that the purity and amount of DNA extracted by Fe₃O₄ coated by SiO₂ or SiO₂/TiO₂ were higher than the naked Fe₃O₄ nano-particles. Furthermore, we obtained pH 8 and 1.5 M NaCl as an optimal condition for desorption of DNA from MNPs. The result further showed that, 0.2 mg nano-particle and 10 min at 55 °C are the optimal conditions for DNA desorption from nano-particles. In conclusion, we recommended Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂ as a new MNP for separation of DNA molecules from biological sources.     

Syntheses and characterization of the W(II) and W(III) N2 complexes, [WCl2(PMe3)3]2N2 and [WCl3(PMe3)2]2N2

Refluxing WCl₄(PMe₃)₃ under a nitrogen atmosphere in the presence of two equivalents of sodium amalgam leads to a reduction to the W(II) complex [cis,mer-WCl₂(PMe₃)₃]₂N₂ (1), which can be converted to [mer,trans-WCl₃(PMe₃)₂]₂N₂ (2) via appropriate oxidation/chlorination. Structural data have been obtained for both complexes, and demonstrate significantly increased steric crowding in 1 due to PMe₃/PMe₃ interactions. The N-N bond distances in the two compounds are similar, at 1.279(4) and 1.243(18) Å, respectively.     

New preparations and molecular structures of cis-MCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2, M = Ru,Os and trans-RuCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2

The title compounds were made by reacting bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) with reduced solutions of OsCl₆^4? and Ru₂OCl₁₀^4?. The crystal and molecular structures of these compounds have been determined form three-dimensional X-ray study. The cis-isomers crystallize with one CHCl₃ per molecule of the complex. All three compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with unit cell dimensions as follows: Cis-OsCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃: a = 13.415(4) Å, b = 22.859(4) Å, c = 16.693(3) Å, β = 105.77(3)°, V = 4926(3) ų, Z = 4. cis-RuCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃: a = 13.442(3) Å, b = 22.833(7) Å, c = 16.750(4) Å, β = 105.53(2)°, V = 4953(3) ų, Z = 4. trans-RuCl₂(dppm)₂: a = 11.368(7) Å, b = 10.656(6) Å, c = 18.832(12) Å; β = 103.90(6)°, V = 2213(7) ų; Z = 2. The structures were refined to R = 0.044 (R_w = 0.055) for cis-OsCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃; R = 0.065 (R_w = 0.079) for cis-RuCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃ and R = 0.028 (R_w = 0.038) for trans-RuCl₂(dppm)₂. The complexes are six coordinate with stable four-membered chelate rings. The PMP angle in the chelate rings is ca. 71° in each case.     

Photophysical properties of Eu(SiW11O39)2 and Eu(BW11O39)2

The photophysical properties (absorption, emission, and excitation spectra; luminescence quantum yields; luminescence decay lifetimes ) of K₁₃[Eu(SiW₁₁O₃₉)₂] and K₁₅[Eu(BW₁₁O₃₉)₂] in aqueous solution and in the solid state are reported. Both complexes exhibit broad and very intense O → W charge transfer bands in the U.V. region and weak and narrow f → f Eu₃₊ bands in the visible. At 77 K the luminescence emission of both complexes, which consists of ⁵D_O → ⁷F_J bands split by the local crystal field, can be pumped very efficiently via both the O → W CT and the f → f Eu³⁺ levels, whereas at 298 K only pumping via the f → f Eu³⁺ is efficient. The values of the luminescence decay lifetimes in H₂O and D₂O solution are quite similar, showing that no water molecule is coordinated to the central Eu₃₊ ion. The high resolution emission spectra are discussed in an attempt to define the coordination symmetry of Eu₃₊.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of an open framework Co0.7Zn1.3(PO4)2(NH3-CH2CH2NH3) and Co6.2(OH)4(PO4)4Zn1.80, a new adamite type phase

The hydrothermal reaction of cobalt(II)oxalate di-hydrate, zinc oxide, and triethyl-orthophosphate, using 1,2-diaminoethane as structure directing template in water, produced two major crystal phases in almost equal amount: the purple crystals of [NH₃-CH₂CH₂NH₃][Co_0.7Zn_1.3(PO₄)₂] (1) and the red burgundy crystals of Co_6.2(OH)₄(PO₄)₄Zn_1.80 (2), a new adamite type phase. The structure of [NH₃-CH₂CH₂NH₃] [Co_0.7Zn_1.3(PO₄)₂] (1) exhibits a 3D open framework built from PO₄ and (Co/Zn)O₄ tetrahedra, and (Co/Zn)O₅ trigonal bipyramids, forming two major channels, an 8-membered ring channel and a 16-membered ring channel, that host the ethanediammonium ions. The Co_6.2(OH)₄(PO₄)₄Zn_1.80 (2) is isomorphous with adamite-type M₂(OH)XO₄ structure, with a condensed vertex and edge sharing network of (Co/Zn)O₅, and distorted CoO₆, and PO₄ subunits. The cobalt preference for higher coordination numbers is displayed in this structure, where the octahedral sites are wholly occupied by cobalt. Thermal analysis confirmed that these compounds display high thermal stability.     

Pressure-tuning infrared spectra of the three Magnus’ Green salts, [Pt(NH3)4][PtCl4], [Pt(ND3)4][PtCl4] and [Pt(NH3)4][PtBr4]

Pressure-tuning infrared spectra (up to ca. 40 kbar) are reported for Magnus’ Green salt, [Pt(NH₃)₄][PtCl₄] and two of its derivatives, [Pt(ND₃)₄][PtCl₄] and [Pt(NH₃)₄][PtBr₄]. The spectroscopic data indicate that there is restricted rotation of the coordinated ammonia groups about the Pt-N bonds in the complexes. It is possible that this restricted rotation is due to the presence of weak hydrogen bonding to the halogens, i.e., N-H?X (X = Cl, Br) interactions.