吉林西部自然保护区湿地生态效益及生态恢复评价

为了对吉林省西部自然保护区湿地生态效益及生态恢复情况进行科学评价,基于生态系统服务价值理论和突变理论构建湿地生态效益评价指标体系,结合生态效益的多元性特征,应用层次分析法和熵值法等多目标规划与决策方法,参照研究区2001年的生态效益研究成果,对其2005和2012年现状生态效益及其生态恢复情况进行评价.结果显示： 2005年以来莫莫格保护区的湿地生态效益水平很高,查干湖、向海保护区湿地生态效益处于较高水平,大布苏保护区湿地生态效益水平一般.突变级数法、层次分析法、熵值法等多目标规划与决策方法结合应用,能够科学地体现湿地生态效益的动态性和整体性,准确地反映研究区生态恢复的客观实际情况;近年来吉林省西部自然保护区的生态保护与环境治理工作初见成效,主要保护区的湿地生态系统对人为增益性干扰积极响应,湿地整体效益得到恢复和提高.     

不同起源秋茄林湿地沉积物重金属污染与健康风险评价

秋茄(Kandelia obovata)林生态系统的重金属污染是滨海湿地研究的重要组成.为探究闽东不同起源秋茄林湿地的健康风险与重金属污染的状况,运用污染负荷指数法和人体健康风险评价法分析闽东不同起源秋茄林湿地表层沉积物重金属的含量特征并评估其健康风险.结果表明:(1)秋茄天然林湿地表层沉积物重金属平均含量排序为Zn(...     

南京滨江湿地生态健康评价及生态旅游资源提升对策

选取南京江北新区绿水湾、龙袍和八卦洲三块长江河流湿地作为研究区, 结合湿地生态特点构建湿地生态健康和生态旅游资源评价指标体系, 并分别展开评价。评价结果表明: (1)南京江北新区三湿地生态健康总体处于一般水平, 其中龙袍湿地相对优于绿水湾和八卦洲湿地, 自然湿地相对优于人工湿地; (2)江北新区湿地生态旅游资源总体处于一般水平, 优势和特色总体均不突出。为此作者在空间上将评价区湿地划分为生态保育区、生态修复区和修复保育区, 分别实施不同的生态管控要求。并建议通过水体活化净化、湿地生态保育、种植业功能转换等16项生态工程来提升现有湿地的生态健康与生态旅游资源水平。同时开展生态工程实施效果预评价, 评价结果显示工程实施后可使研究区湿地生态旅游资源水平由原来的一般水平提高到良好水平, 其中人工湿地提升效果总体优于自然湿地。     

珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统健康评价

基于湿地生态系统健康理论和压力-状态-响应模型,以珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统为研究对象,构建了红树林湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系,并确定了具体的评价指标、评价标准、指标权重、评价等级和评价方法,对珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统健康状况进行了评价.结果表明:2008年,淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统总健康指数为0.6580,评价等级为Ⅱ级(健康);压力、状态和响应指标的健康指数分别为0.3469、0.8718和0.7554,说明该评价系统存在一定的压力,而状态和响应方面较好.作为省级自然保护区,珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统健康水平有待进一步提升.红树林湿地生态系统健康评价研究目前尚不成熟,进一步研究需重点关注针对红树林特征的评价因子筛选、相关数据的长期定位监测、生态系统健康与生态系统功能的定量关系研究等.     

湿地生态系统健康评价方法研究进展

湿地被誉为“地球之肾”, 健康的湿地生态系统对区域乃至全球生态平衡有着重要的影响, 因此进行湿地生态系统健康评价, 对湿地保护管理、规划利用以及湿地治理有重要科学意义。湿地生态系统健康评价关键在于评价方法选取与指标体系构建。文章在介绍湿地生态系统健康内涵及健康评价发展过程的基础上, 重点总结回顾了国内外几种常用湿地生态系统健康评价的方法, 归纳、剖析了不同方法的优缺点, 并对目前湿地生态健康评价中存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行探讨与展望, 包括健康标准、综合评价方法的选择、多时空尺度的综合以及湿地健康评价的应用等问题。     

美国流域生态健康评价体系的发展和实践

为了达到《清洁水法》规定的水质目标,美国环境部门在过去20多年的实践中逐步发展形成了涵盖整个流域,包括水文、化学、生物等多重指标在内的全国性流域综合生态健康评价体系.该体系已经成为美国流域水质管理系统的重要组成部分,为水环境保护和水生生态系统恢复提供了有力支持.本文从法律行政框架、生态功能分析、生态健康指标、综合评价体系和流域监测系统等方面系统总结了美国环境管理部门,特别是联邦环境保护局在流域生态健康评价方面的发展和实践;并介绍了美国水生资源调查采用的河流、湖泊、河口、海湾、湿地流域健康评价系统.在此基础上,根据我国水环境保护和治理的实际情况,提出了建立流域生态健康科学评价和决策支持体系建议.     

基于大型底栖无脊椎动物完整性指数的鄱阳湖湿地生态健康评价

湿地生态健康评价对于掌握湿地的健康状况、理解人类活动干扰对其影响及实施生态预警等有重要意义。鄱阳湖对于维持其流域甚至长江中下游的生态平衡十分重要,目前尚未建立起其较完善的生态健康评价指标体系。大型底栖无脊椎动物完整性指数(benthic macroinvertebrate-based index of biotic integrity, B-IBI)是广泛应用的湿地生态健康评价方法。基于30个采样点(7个参照点,23个受损点)的大型底栖无脊椎动物采样数据,构建鄱阳湖湿地的B-IBI指数,采用自然断点法划分非常健康、健康、一般、差和极差5个健康等级标准,据此评价湿地生态健康状况。研究表明:(1)基于B-IBI指数的鄱阳湖湿地生态健康评价结果为一般;(2)就采样点B-IBI分值而言,呈现出西部健康状况优于东部的格局,其中国家级自然保护区内状况较好,而工业区、城镇、农田及河流入湖口附近状况较差;(3)B-IBI指数与前期构建的景观发展强度指数(LDI)、栖息地环境质量指数(QHEI)以及植被完整性指数(V-IBI)具有显著相关性,表明基于不同指数的评价结果较为一致。本研究构建的B-IBI指数能为鄱阳湖湿地的生态健康评价和监测提供重要方法。     

滨海红树林湿地生态系统健康的诊断方法和评价指标

健康的红树林湿地生态系统是指系统组分之间及系统整体维持动态的平衡,在适度的自然与人为干扰下,红树林生态系统服务功能发挥正常。本文筛选并评述了包括指示物种法、结构功能指标法、生态系统失调综合症诊断法、生态系统健康风险评估法、生态脆弱性和稳定性评价、生态功能评价法等6种可用于红树林湿地生态系统健康的诊断方法,分析了各自的应用前景。以压力-状态-响应模型为主线,构建了红树林湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系。在未来研究中,需进一步加强指标的筛选、评价标准与权重的确定,将生态系统健康水平与其生态服务功能相关联,开展具体案例分析。     

辽河三角洲湿地生态系统健康评价

以生态系统健康及压力 -状态 -响应 (PSR)模型作为研究方法 ,根据湿地生态系统的特点 ,建立一套湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系。以遥感数据及统计监测数据为基础 ,以小流域为评价单元 ,采用 RS和 GIS技术 ,对每个小流域湿地进行单因子和综合评价 ,揭示盘锦市湿地生态系统健康状况的空间分布规律。研究结果表明 :(1)辽河三角洲盘锦市湿地生态系统健康相对较好的区域面积占 2 2 % ,相对一般的占 5 2 % ,相对较差的占 2 6 %。 (2 )双台河口国家级自然保护区湿地生态系统健康相对较好 ,但其中局部地区湿地生态系统健康已经受到威胁 ,健康状况转为一般。 (3)辽河三角洲湿地资源破坏的主要原因是水稻田开发与油田开发     

哈尼梯田湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系构建

为了获得梯田湿地生态系统健康评价的指标体系,以云南红河哈尼梯田湿地为例,基于对该湿地维持机制的分析,构建了包括生态特征、功能整合、社会与政治3个方面共20个指标的健康评价指标体系以及各个指标的健康阈值分级表。同时,利用AHP层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,运用综合评价法对梯田湿地生态系统的健康状态进行评价。本研究构建的评价指标体系解决了哈尼梯田湿地生态系统缺乏健康评价指标体系和支持理论的问题,为评价该类型湿地生态系统的健康状态提供指导方法,能够依据其评价结果为后续湿地健康质量的提升及湿地的可持续利用发展提出改进策略。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.