钝顶螺旋藻sod基因真核表达载体的构建与表达

目的:在毕赤酵母中表达钝顶螺旋藻超氧化物歧化酶SOD。方法:以质粒p ET30-sod为模板,采用PCR扩增sod基因,并将其与表达载体p PIC9K相连,构建重组表达质粒p PIC9K-sod。将重组质粒p PIC9K-sod用限制性内切酶PmeⅠ线性化,并电转化入毕赤酵母GS115。利用单菌落PCR筛选整合有重组质粒的阳性转化子,用甲醇进行诱导表达,并在5L发酵罐内进行发酵表达目的蛋白。用改进的邻苯三酚自氧化法测定重组SOD的活性。结果:成功构建了钝顶螺旋藻的sod的真核表达载体,并在毕赤酵母中表达了分子量为22k Da的重组蛋白SOD。发酵罐高密度发酵所获目的蛋白的平均浓度为0.36±0.4 mg/m L,比活性为409±17U/mg。结论:在毕赤酵母中表达了分子量为22k Da的钝顶螺旋藻SOD。     

嗜热木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及其酶学性质

木聚糖酶Umxyn10A,属于GH10家族,包含一段跨膜区和GH10家族催化功能域,将跨膜区去掉后,剩余部分重命名为Umxyn10AQ。按毕赤酵母密码子偏好性将Umxyn10AQ序列进行密码子优化,与毕赤酵母表达载体p PIC9K相连。重组质粒p PIC9K-Umxyn10AQ经SalⅠ单酶切线性化后转至毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115。经G418筛选得到重组毕赤酵母菌株GS115/Umxyn10AQ,每12 h添加1%甲醇诱导剂。DNS法测定重组木聚糖酶re Umxyn10AQ酶活,最高酶活达到15 U/m L,SDS-PAGE分析表明,re Umxyn10AQ相对分子质量为45.0 k D。重组木聚糖酶re Umxyn10AQ的最适p H为8.0,最适反应温度85℃,Co2+对该酶活有显著促进作用,提高了近20%,水解产物为木糖(14%)、木二糖(86%)。结果表明,木聚糖酶Umxyn10AQ在毕赤酵母中成功表达并且分泌到胞外,相较于大肠杆菌表达产物Umxyn10A,最适p H提高了1.5个单位、最适温度提高了10个单位,p H耐受性和温度耐受性都有所改善,并且主要水解产物仍为木二糖。     

耐热羧肽酶Taq基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

为了获取表达羧肽酶Taq毕赤酵母工程菌,通过密码子优化,依据毕赤酵母密码子偏爱性,在体外合成了栖热水生菌的耐热羧肽酶Taq基因。将该基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体p HBM905A上并引入6×His标签,构建了重组质粒p HBM905A-Cpase Taq。将该重组质粒转化毕赤酵母GS115,经1%甲醇诱导表达72 h,酶产量达0.1 mg/m L。对纯化的重组酶进行酶活性分析表明在75℃,p H为7.5时,该酶比酶活性为80 U/mg。本研究首次证明了羧肽酶Taq能在毕赤酵母中有效分泌表达,可以被大量制备,进而为多肽水解为氨基酸奠定工业基础。     

嗜热棉毛菌木糖苷酶Xyl43基因优化及其在毕赤酵母中高效表达

【目的】通过外源表达手段构建重组毕赤酵母实现木糖苷酶的高效表达。【方法】基于毕赤酵母密码子偏好性优化嗜热棉毛菌β-木糖苷酶(Xyl43)基因密码子,将其导入毕赤酵母GS115中实现分泌表达,并对重组木糖苷酶酶学性质进行分析。通过单因素实验优化高产菌株的摇瓶发酵条件,并在5 L发酵罐中进行扩大培养。【结果】Xyl43基因优化后的序列中222个碱基发生改变,G+C含量由52.8%降低到44.6%,序列一致性为78.17%;将构建的表达载体p PIC9K-Opt Xyl43电击转入毕赤酵母中,利用平板初筛和摇瓶复筛获得一株高效表达重组菌(命名为P.pastoris GS115-Xyl43);其所产重组木糖苷酶大小为51.5 k D,动力学参数Km为2.93 mmol/L、Vmax为157.9μmol/(min·mg),最适反应温度55°C,最适p H 7.0,在p H 6.0-9.5条件下具有良好的稳定性;摇瓶优化结果表明:培养基初始p H 6.0、甲醇补加浓度1.0%、培养温度28°C、摇床转速250 r/min为最佳产酶条件,在此条件下发酵144 h胞外酶活达到42 U/m L(蛋白含量0.54 g/L);5 L发酵罐放大培养,发酵156 h(甲醇诱导96 h),木糖苷酶酶活为222.2 U/m L,蛋白含量2.36 g/L,较摇瓶提高了4.3倍。【结论】木糖苷酶在毕赤酵母中实现了高效表达,具有较好的工业化应用前景。     

短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将短小芽孢杆菌HB030的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9k上,得到重组质粒pHBM220,将pHBM220经酶切后分别转化三株毕赤酵母KM71、GS115、SMD1168,该木聚糖酶基因在三株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达。将重组毕赤酵母KM71(pHBM220)、GS115(pHBM220)、SMD1168(pHBM220)分别诱导产酶,对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三者的最适反应pH值约为5.5,最适反应温度约为60℃。在其最适反应条件下测得三者粗酶液酶活分别为10.80IU/mL,11.63IU/mL,9.68IU/mL。重组毕赤酵母KM71(pHBM220)所产酶的热稳定性较好,而在pH稳定性方面三者没有太大的差异。     

短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酶母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将短小芽孢杆菌HB030的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K,得到重组质粒pH-BM220,将pHBM220经酶切后分别转化三株毕赤酵母KM71、GS115、SMD1168,该木聚糖酶基因在三株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达,将重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）,GS115（pHBM220),GS115(pHBM220),SMD1168（pHBM220）分别诱导产酶,对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三的最适反应pH值约为5.5,最适反应温度约为60℃,在其最适反应条件下测得三粗酶液酶活分别为10.80IU/mL,11.63IU/mL,9.68IU/mL,重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）所产酶的热稳定性较好,而在pH稳定性方面三没有太大的差异。     

里氏木霉Cel5A基因优化及其在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

内切纤维素酶Cel5A缺乏是限制纤维素酶制剂高效酶解天然纤维素的关键因素。本文尝试构建高效表达里氏木霉Cel5A的毕赤酵母重组菌株以弥补目前Cel5A的天然分泌不足,通过基因密码子偏好性优化里氏木霉Cel5A基因和构建表达载体p PIC9K-eg2,并将其电转入毕赤酵母GS115以构建重组子,利用浓度梯度平板和摇瓶发酵筛选获得一株高产毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris菌株GS115-EGⅡ。重组酶的酶学性质分析显示,该酶分子量50 k Da、最适p H(p H 4.5)略有降低及最适反应温度为60℃,专一性地作用于非结晶纤维素,与天然里氏木霉Cel5A并无明显区别。通过摇瓶发酵的初步优化,该菌摇瓶培养条件:培养温度28℃、起始p H 5.0、接种量2%、每24 h添加甲醇1.5%(V/V)、每24 h添加山梨醇4 g/L及吐温80添加4 g/L,发酵192 h重组酶酶活达到24.0 U/m L。进一步上罐(5 L)发酵180 h,该重组酶Cel5A酶活高达270.9 U/m L,蛋白含量达到4.16 g/L。重组毕赤酵母P.pastoris GS115-EGⅡ是一株适合于外源表达Cel5A的工程菌,该重组酶可替代天然分泌Cel5A适用于当前酶基生物炼制模式下木质纤维素基质高效水解中。     

平菇漆酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

采用RTPCR技术克隆到一个平菇(Pleurotusostreatus)漆酶基因的全长cDNA,命名为lccPo1,其序列提交GenBank,登录号为AY450404。将其ORF克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM906,转化3株毕赤酵母GS115、KM71和SMD1168,该漆酶基因在3种毕赤酵母菌株中均实现了分泌表达。3种摇瓶培养条件①25℃,1.0%(VV)甲醇;②20℃,1.0%(VV)甲醇;③20℃,0.5%(VV)甲醇,进行比较研究后发现适当提高甲醇浓度有利于漆酶在低温条件下表达,而降低培养温度到20℃则可以提高漆酶的产量2～6倍。3株重组毕赤酵母在其最适反应条件下测得三者粗酶液最高漆酶酶活分别为3.19UmL[GS115(pHBM565)]、2.56UmL[KM71(pHBM565)]和2.49UmL[SMD1168(pHBM565)]。对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三者的最适反应pH值约为4.2,最适反应温度约为60℃。重组毕赤酵母GS115(pHBM565)所产酶的热稳定性稍好,在pH稳定性方面三者没有太大差异。     

黑曲霉纤维二糖水解酶基因cbhA在毕赤酵母中异源表达

[目的]对黑曲霉纤维二糖水解酶cbhA基因进行了克隆和在毕赤酵母中的真核表达。[方法]采用PCR方法扩增黑曲霉纤维二糖水解酶A(Cellobiohydrolase A,CBHA)基因,获得的DNA序列与cbhA基因表现出高度相似,推导出的氨基酸序列与真菌CBHA酶也高度相似,属于糖基水解酶第7家族。将扩增得到的cbhA基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K上,与α-因子信号肽序列形成融合蛋白,进一步通过电转化方法将线性化质粒p PIC9K-cbhA转化至毕赤酵母GS115菌株进行表达。[结果]在甲醇诱导下,重组菌株CMC比酶活力是对照的2.5倍,SDS-PAGE分析结果也确认了cbhA基因在重组菌株GS115/p PIC9K-cbhA中的表达。对该酶性质的分析表明,重组CBHA酶水解CMC底物最适p H值为5.0,最适温度为55℃。[结论]黑曲霉纤维二糖水解酶基因cbhA的克隆和其真核表达工程菌株的构建,为获得纤维二糖水解酶A高产菌株,实现纤维素酶多组分的人工组装奠定了基础。     

猪IL-18在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性分析

采用PCR方法从pGEM-IL-18重组质粒中扩增出IL-18基因并构建真核融合表达载体pPIC9K-IL-18,电激法转化入毕赤酵母GS115,采用G418抗性梯度法筛选得到多拷贝重组菌株,甲醇诱导表达,应用SDS-PAGE分析重组蛋白的表达情况,并将表达蛋白用凝胶层析柱纯化后,用MTT法检测其生物学活性。实验结果表明重组的GS115酵母菌株可表达分泌pIL-18,其表达在72h时达高峰,分泌量可达160mg/L,纯化的重组pIL-18蛋白具有显著的促进淋巴细胞增殖的活性,说明本试验已在毕赤酵母中在国内首次成功表达了具有生物学活性的pIL-18。     

规模化蛋白质相互作用的研究技术

蛋白质相互作用既是蛋白质执行功能的主要方式,也是细胞功能调控网络的结构基础。蛋白质间异常的相互作用及其连锁网络的紊乱是引起许多病理改变的原因。作为功能基因组和蛋白质组研究的重要内容,规模化蛋白质相互作用研究已成为近年国际上研究的热点之一。文章综述了当前规模化蛋白质相互作用研究中的常用技术和常用蛋白质相互作用数据库,研究者可根据研究需要和技术特点利用这些资源。     

Glutamate Receptor-interacting Protein 1 Protein Binds to the Microtubule-associated Protein

To identify the interaction proteins for the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor subunit glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1), GRIP1 interactions with microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-1B light chain (LC) were investigated. GRIP1 interacts with MAP-1A and MAP-1B in the yeast two-hybrid assay, as is indicated also by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation with MAP-1B LC antibody in brain fractions. These results suggest a novel mechanism for localizing AMPA receptors to synaptic sites.     

Protein Solubility and Protein Homeostasis: A Generic View of Protein Misfolding Disorders

According to the “generic view” of protein aggregation, the ability to self-assemble into stable and highly organized structures such as amyloid fibrils is not an unusual feature exhibited by a small group of peptides and proteins with special sequence or structural properties, but rather a property shared by most proteins. At the same time, through a wide variety of techniques, many of which were originally devised for applications in other disciplines, it has also been established that the maintenance of proteins in a soluble state is a fundamental aspect of protein homeostasis. Taken together, these advances offer a unified framework for understanding the molecular basis of protein aggregation and for the rational development of therapeutic strategies based on the biological and chemical regulation of protein solubility.Virtually every complex biochemical process taking place in living cells depends on the ability of the molecules involved to self-assemble into functional structures (Dobson 2003; Robinson et al. 2007; Russel et al. 2009), and a sophisticated quality control system is responsible for regulating the reactions leading to this organization within the cellular environment (Dobson 2003; Balch et al. 2008; Hartl and Hayer-Hartl 2009; Powers et al. 2009; Vendruscolo and Dobson 2009). Proteins are the molecules that are essential for enabling, regulating, and controlling almost all the tasks necessary to maintain such a balance. To function, the majority of our proteins need to fold into specific three-dimensional structures following their biosynthesis in the ribosome (Hartl and Hayer-Hartl 2002). The wide variety of highly specific structures that results from protein folding, and which serve to bring key functional groups into close proximity, has enabled living systems to develop an astonishing diversity and selectivity in their underlying chemical processes by using a common set of just 20 basic molecular components, the amino acids (Dobson 2003). Given the central importance of protein folding, it is not surprising that the failure of proteins to fold correctly, or to remain correctly folded, is at the origin of a wide variety of pathological conditions, including late-onset diabetes, cystic fibrosis, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (Dobson 2003; Chiti and Dobson 2006; Haass and Selkoe 2007). In many of these disorders proteins self-assemble in an aberrant manner into large molecular aggregates, notably amyloid fibrils (Chiti and Dobson 2006; Ramirez-Alvarado et al. 2010).     

SARS冠状病毒核壳蛋白对蛋白翻译的影响

目的:研究SARS冠状病毒核壳蛋白(N蛋白)对蛋白翻译的影响。方法:构建N蛋白表达载体FLAG-pcDNA3-N,分别与FLAG-pcDNA3和表达荧光素酶的质粒共转染293T人胚肾细胞,通过检测荧光素酶的活性来判断N蛋白对细胞内蛋白翻译的影响;在体外翻译体系中检测N蛋白对体外翻译的影响。结果:构建了载体FLAG-pcDNA3-N,在293T人胚肾细胞内表达后,荧光素酶活性被抑制;在体外翻译体系中加入N蛋白,体外翻译被抑制。结论:SARS冠状病毒N蛋白抑制蛋白翻译。     

绿色荧光蛋白在蛋白质研究中的应用

绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP）自发现以来,由于具有自发荧光等特性,在分子生物学和细胞生物学领域得到广泛应用。GFP作为一种报道分子,在研究蛋白质相互作用和构象变化、检测蛋白质表达、蛋白质和细胞荧光示踪中,起到了重要的作用。该文通过对绿色荧光蛋白特性的分析．介绍其作为荧光标记在蛋白质研究中的应用,并展望进一步的研究前景。     

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Alters Protein Degradation through Activation of Protein Kinase B (AKT)

The homeostasis of protein metabolism is maintained and regulated by the rates of protein biosynthesis and degradation in living systems. Alterations of protein degradation may regulate protein biosynthesis through a feedback mechanism. Whether a change in protein biosynthesis modulates protein degradation has not been reported. In this study, we found that inhibition of protein biosynthesis induced phosphorylation/activation of AKT and led to phosphorylation of AKT target substrates, including FoxO1, GSK3α/β, p70S6K, AS160, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 was also modulated by inhibition of protein biosynthesis. The AKT phosphorylation/activation was mediated mainly through the PI3K pathway because it was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY294002","term_id":"1257998346","term_text":"LY294002"}}LY294002. The activated AKT phosphorylated MDM2 at Ser¹⁶⁶ and promoted degradation of the tumor suppressor p53. These findings suggest that inhibition of protein biosynthesis can alter degradation of some proteins through activation of AKT. This study reveals a novel regulation of protein degradation and calls for caution in blocking protein biosynthesis to study the half-life of proteins.     

蛋白质间相互作用技术的研究近况

蛋白质间相互作用技术的研究近况黄翠芬叶棋浓（军事医学科学院生物工程研究所,北京１００８５０关键词：蛋白质,相互作用,技术ＲｅｃｅｎｔＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｏｆＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ┐ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓＨｕａｎｇＣｕ...     

蛋白质二硫键异构酶相关蛋白A的表达及性质的研究

克隆了Aspergillus niger T21中的蛋白质二硫键异构酶相关蛋白A（PRPA）基因,并将它插入pET23b表达载体。在E. coli中表达时,PRPA占菌体总蛋白的34%。经过超声破细胞、硫酸铵分级沉淀和离子交换层析获得了纯度大于90%的重组蛋白。PRPA有二硫键异构酶活性。在PRPA存在下,变性和还原的溶菌酶复性率和复性速度降低,电泳结果表明溶菌酶聚集增多。荧光结果表明PRPA表面有较多的疏水基团。     

植物磷胁迫蛋白和铁胁迫蛋白研究进展

综述了近十年来国内外有关研究植物磷胁迫蛋白和铁胁迫蛋白的文献。着重阐述了磷胁迫和铁胁迫条件下的植物蛋白质变化,如新的蛋白和新的多肽的特异产生,以及相关的分子生物学进展。