辣椒31个优良自交系的亲本类群分析

以包含我国重要尖椒品种的亲本材料在内的31份优良自交系为材料, 利用SRAP标记和基因型值分析技术开展了辣椒自交系间遗传差异的分析与类群划分研究。结果表明: 在30个引物组合中, 27个引物组合可以 在自交系间扩增出多态性条带, 共扩增出310个多态性条带, 平均每个引物组合产生11.5个多态性条带, 显示出SRAP技术具有较强的分析效率; 基于SRAP标记和Yule相似系数对这些自交系进行的聚类分析中, 可以基本区分辣椒的2个变种(C. annuum var. grossum和C. annuum var. longum), 而且可以反映出自交系间的亲缘及系谱关系; 在相似系数为0.67处, 可将这31个自交系分为4个类群; 基于基因型值和标准Euclidean距离对这些自交系进行的聚类分析可成功地将辣椒的两个变种完全区分; 在遗传距离约4.5处, 可将这31个自交系分为4个类群; 自交系间基于SRAP标记与基因型值的遗传距离存在一定的相关性。     

新型标记SRAP在棉花F2分离群体及遗传多样性评价中的适用性分析

将新型分子标记SRAP(Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism)应用于棉花的遗传研究,并建立了完整的PCR反应体系,此体系稳定可靠、扩增效果好、可重复性强。采用30个SRAP引物组合对海岛棉品种“Pima90”和陆地棉品种“邯郸208”进行比较扩增,29个引物组合可以获得多态性扩增,显示了较高的多态性。对上述两个品种的F2群体进行检测,共产生149个多态性条带,平均每个组合产生5．14个,单引物组合最多可产生13个多态性条带。用SRAP标记对11份陆地棉材料进行遗传多样性检测,30个引物组合中15个组合有多态性,得到22个多态性条带,显示了较高的多态性比率。研究结果表明,SRAP标记可在棉花分子生物学领域中广泛应用。     

香蕉EST-SSRs标记的开发与应用

从NCBI搜索的2 282条香蕉EST中, 发掘出含有SSR的EST序列110条, 共有122个SSR位点, 检出率为5.3%。SSR位点可分为37种重复单元, 平均长度为20 bp, 其中二、三核苷酸重复单元的SSR占主导地位, 分别占总SSR的33.1%和47.6%。GA和GAA是二、三核苷酸中的优势重复类型, 分别占二、三核苷酸重复类型的75.7%和36.0%; 其他重复类型所占比例均不足10%, 而四核苷酸重复类型最少, 为4.0%。设计的63对EST-SSRs引物中, 有41对EST-SSRs引物对巴西蕉基因组DNA能扩增出产物, 占总引物数的65.1%。应用进一步筛选出的重复性好、多态性高的19对引物对49个香蕉品种(系)进行PCR扩增。每对引物扩增的多态性带数目为4~12个, 平均7.58个; 引物多态信息量变化范围为0.3572~0.8744, 平均0.7324。在相似系数为0.63的水平可将49个品种聚为2个类群：一类为含B基因组香蕉品种; 另一类为不含B基因组的香蕉品种, 表明EST-SSR引物可以应用于香蕉品种资源分类的研究。     

新疆石榴种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析

采用SRAP分子标记技术,对21份新疆石榴品种的遗传多样性与亲缘关系进行分析。从36对引物组合中筛选出16对扩增条带清晰、多态性高的引物组合分析供试材料,共检测出271个位点,其中194个为多态性位点,多态性比率达71.59%,平均每对引物组合产生16.94个位点和12.13个多态性位点。21份石榴样品间的相似性系数为0.63~0.89,平均为0.77。UPGMA聚类结果显示,在相似性系数为0.776时,21份材料可被分为5个类群。新疆石榴品种间平均观察等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Neis基因多样性指数(H)及Shannons信息指数(I)分别为1.712 2、1.352 8、0.199 9及0.310 5。研究表明,新疆喀什地区石榴品种的遗传多样性最为丰富;SRAP聚类结果与石榴的表型特征存在一致性,且SRAP分子标记技术是研究石榴遗传多样性简单而有效的手段。     

香蕉基因组SRAP反应体系的建立和优化

为建立并优化适于香蕉（Musa spp.）SRAP分析的扩增体系,对影响香蕉SRAP反应的dNTP、Mg²⁺、模板DNA、引物浓度和Taq酶用量等因素进行优化。确定的优化扩增体系为Mg²⁺ 2.5 mmol·L^-1,dNTP 250 μmol·L^-1,Taq酶1.0 U,引物0.5 μmol·L^-1,模板DNA 20 ng,10×PCR buffer 2.5 μL,在此条件下SRAP扩增香蕉基因组DNA条带清晰,多态性丰富。该体系在29个香蕉基因组中获得较好的扩增结果,可望在香蕉植物起源和进化研究中应用。     

47个建兰品种的SRAP遗传多样性分析

为了揭示建兰(Cymbidium ensifolium)品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为建兰种质资源的有效利用和开发提供依据,本研究采用SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)分子标记技术对来自四川、台湾、广东的47个建兰品种的遗传多样性进行分析,应用NYSYS软件对SRAP-PCR结果进行聚类分析。结果从88对引物中筛选获得12对特异性强、稳定性好的引物进行SRAP分析,共扩增出188条带纹,其中147条为多态性位点,平均每组引物扩增出12条多态性带。聚类分析表明,47个品种可以分为4个类群:第Ⅰ群由来自四川的3个品种组成;第Ⅱ群的23个品种中有18个来自四川、3个来自广东、2个来自台湾;第Ⅲ群的12个品种中有11个品种源于台湾,1个源于四川;第Ⅳ群仅有1个来自四川,其他品种均来自台湾。结果表明,由于人工驯化,造成了建兰品种遗传背景的混乱,而SRAP分子标记技术能有效地分析建兰品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。     

红掌品种亲缘关系SRAP分析

利用相关序列扩增多态性（SRAP）分子标记,从100对引物组合中筛选出 26对多态性高、条带清晰的SRAP引物,对33个红掌品种进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。结果如下：（1）26对引物共扩增出366条条带,其中有314条多态性条带,多态性比率为85.79%。引物组合产生的条带数在9～23之间,平均每对引物组合扩增出14.1条和12.1条多态性条带。（2）根据SRAP扩增结果,利用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,33份材料的遗传相似系数在0.55～0.94之间,在遗传相似系数0.786处可将33个红掌品种分为5个类群。结果表明,供试品种遗传多样性丰富,本研究为品种鉴定和杂交育种提供了参考信息。     

基于SRAP标记的薏苡种质资源遗传多样性及DNA指纹图谱构建

利用SRAP分子标记对从各主要产地收集到的90份薏苡种质进行遗传多样性分析,其中68份收集于福建省,6份来自中国台湾,16份来自浙江、辽宁、山东、河南、云南、江苏、湖南、广东、上海等省(市)。结果表明,从88对SRAP引物组合中筛选出26对引物进行SRAP扩增,共扩增出185条带,其中具有多态性的有157,占总数的84.86%,表明90份薏苡种质表现出丰富的遗传多样性。基于SRAP标记利用系统聚类法将90份薏苡种质资源分为4大类,与形态性状分类结果有一定的相似性;利用16对SRAP引物构建了73份薏苡种质资源的DNA指纹图谱,为薏苡遗传研究、品种选育与资源保护提供了依据。     

基于SRAP的叶子花种质资源遗传多样性及遗传关系分析

为探讨叶子花(Bougainvillea sp.)品种间的遗传关系,应用SRAP(Sequence-related amplifi ed polymorphism)标记技术对48个叶子花品种的遗传多样性及遗传关系进行了分析。结果表明,从208对引物中筛选出25对多态性较高的引物组合,共扩增出773条清晰条带,其中多态性条带750条,平均多态性条带百分率达97.02%。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,48个叶子花品种的遗传相似性系数为0.4058~0.8568,在遗传相似性系数0.558水平上,可分为4个类群,福摩萨叶子花与毛叶紫花叶子花各自成一类,其它品种分为两大类群。SRAP标记可较好地反映叶子花种质间的遗传关系,为合理利用叶子花种质资源及提高育种效率提供了科学基础。     

北方花生育成品种（系）分子标记鉴定及系谱分析

本研究利用从3964对引物中鉴定筛选到的57对SSR和6对AhTE引物对40份骨干亲本和113份北方花生育成品种(系)进行基因型扫描,共检测到267个等位位点,其中209个为多态性位点,多态性比率达78.28。引物多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.0754～0.9217,平均值为0.7134。利用基因型数据进行聚类分析,当遗传相似系数(GS)为0.62时,153份花生材料分为Ⅰ(2个亚群,GS为0.678)、Ⅱ(13个亚群,GS为0.774)两个类群;当GS为0.99时,63对核心引物可将153份种质资源完全分开,并构建了DNA指纹数据库。通过遗传贡献值分析出北方花生育成品种(系)的骨干亲本主要以伏花生、狮头企和沐阳大站秧为主,其中伏花生遗传贡献值最大(18.26),衍生品种最多(75份),而在河南、河北、山东等地的伏花生衍生品种比率分别为65.12%、70.83%、72.73%,且衍生品种比率与遗传贡献值呈正相关。本研究将为我国北方花生新品种鉴定提供更加科学的理论依据,为花生品种系谱修订奠定基础。     

Studies on Paeonia cultivars and hybrids identification based on SRAP analysis

Plants of Paeonia are valuable for their ornamental and medicinal values. Genetic relations and hybrids identification among different sections of Paeonia were studied using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. A total of 29 cultivars including 2 intersectional hybrids, 13 sect. Moutan and 14 from sect. Paeonia were used. A total of 197 bands were produced using 24 primer combinations, among which 187 bands showed polymorphism. From the bands amplified, we can identify the peony cultivars using unique SRAP markers and specific primer combinations. Fourteen peony cultivars were distinguished among each other by using totally 35 SRAP markers, which were generated by 16 primer pairs. Two specific primer pairs of Me8/Em8 and Me8/Em1 can be used to identify cultivars from different sections. The mean genetic similarity coefficient (GS), the gene diversity (GD), and the Shannon's information index of peony cultivars were 0.45, 0.19 and 0.32, respectively. Both UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic average) dendrogram and PCA (principle component analysis) analysis showed clear genetic relationships among the 29 peony cultivars, and within section and its intersectional hybrids. The above results are valuable for estimating and analyzing genetic background of Paeonia, parent selection in crossing breeding programs, molecular marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding for further germplasm innovation programs.     

Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) analysis for genetic diversity and micronutrient content among gene pools in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, commonly called mungbean is an important pulse crop. Commercial cultivars contain low levels of iron and zinc and it is important to assess genetic variability in the available germplasm for improving micronutrient content in commercial cultivars. The present study was undertaken to study molecular diversity using Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) among 21 Vigna radiata genotypes. Twenty nine SRAP primer combinations produced a total of 121 amplified bands which were polymorphic with an average of 4.65 bands per primer. The size of amplified bands ranged from 70 bp to 3,000 bp and 6 out of 29 SRAP primers were most useful in fingerprinting Vigna radiata genotypes under study. The similarity coefficients between different genotypes ranged from 0.45 to 0.96 with an average similarity value of 0.71. At an arbitrary cut-off at 60 % similarity level on a dendrogram, the Vigna radiata accessions were categorized into two major clusters. ML1108 and 2KM115 were found to be genetically similar. SMH99-1A and ML776 showed high iron and zinc content while Satya was poor in iron as well as zinc content. Mapping population involving ML776 and Satya could be used for tagging gene(s) for micronutrient content. The results indicated that SRAP markers were efficient for identification of Vigna radiata genotypes and assessment of the genetic relationships among them.     

珊瑚菜居群遗传多样性的SRAP分析

利用SRAP对伞形科单种属珊瑚菜7个野生居群和1个栽培居群进行了研究。结果表明:共筛选出8个引物组合,在珊瑚菜8个居群中共扩增出168条条带,其中多态性条带为118条,多态性比率为70.23%;平均每对引物扩增的多态性条带为14.75。各居群之间珊瑚菜遗传相似性系数范围为0.8306~0.9836,遗传距离范围为0.0165~0.1856。聚类分析表明,以相似性系数大于0.8并结合地理分布来看,所研究的野生珊瑚菜居群可以大体分为3类,辽宁大连的野生居群为一类,山东威海—山东青岛的居群为一类,而山东日照—广州深圳之间的为一类。     

Molecular Characterization of Tree Peony Germplasm Using Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers

This study examined 63 tree peony specimens, consisting of 3 wild species and 63 cultivars, using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers for the purpose of detecting genomic polymorphisms. Bulk DNA samples from each specimen were evaluated with 23 SRAP primer pairs. Among the 296 different amplicons, 262 were polymorphic. The maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining, and unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average trees were largely in congruence. In the three trees, the wild species Paeonia ludlowii and P. delavayi formed separate clusters with strong bootstrap support, and P. ostii was closely related to all cultivars. The cultivars were divided into groups with various corresponding bootstrap values. The genetic similarity among the genotypes ranged from 0.02 to 0.73. These results demonstrate that SRAP markers are effective in detecting genomic polymorphisms in the tree peony and should be useful for linkage map construction and molecular marker assisted selection breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Diversity and relationships among Turkish okra germplasm by SRAP and phenotypic marker polymorphism

Germplasm characterization is essential and molecular markers provide valuable information for breeding programs. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and phenotypic markers were studied to determine diversity and relationships among 23 okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) genotypes. The 39 combinations of forward and reverse SRAP primers were used to evaluate the 21 Turkish and two randomly selected USA genotypes as outgroups, and produced 97 scorable markers, of which 50% was polymorphic for all 23 genotypes. Seventeen out of the 23 genotypes (74%) were distinguished from each other with mean similarity of 0.93. As to phenotypic markers, 33 heritable traits were evaluated in field with ten replications, 28 of them (85%) were found to be polymorphic. The UPGMA (unweighted-pair group method arithmetic average) dendrogram based on the 33 phenotypic markers distinguished all genotypes, but failed to detect any geographic association of okra genotypes, being consistent with previous study. It can be concluded that SRAP markers are useful for studying diversity and relationships among okra germplasm, and have potential in marker-aided selection, linkage mapping, and evolutionary studies.     

Genetic relationships among a collection of Musa germplasm by fluorescent-labeled SRAP

Edible banana and plantains of the Musa genus are important staple food crops cultivated in humid tropical and subtropical climatic zones. These crops are important for subsistence farming in rural communities and also to generate significant employment and income. In an effort to increase the genetic variability of available cultivars, indexed accessions have been introduced into a regional collection in southeastern Mexico, through the Banana Bioversity International Program. The aim of this study was to use the fluorescently labeled sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular marker system to characterize the genetic variability within 71 accessions of the existing collection and resolved uncertainties for the better management of the collection, as a preliminary step to establishing a breeding program. These accessions, which included wild species and cultivars of different subgroups, were consistently identified and separated by SRAP markers. A total of 330 polymorphic bands were detected using 12 primer combinations. The average number of polymorphic bands per primer pair was 27.5. The genetic similarity between accessions ranged between 0.44 and 0.97, as estimated using Jaccard's coefficient. Moreover, SRAP marker system probed to be useful to identify closely related accessions in the genus Musa and facilitated the recognition of duplicates to be eliminated and clarified uncertainties or mislabeled banana accessions introduced to the collection.     

利用SRAP标记分析河南小麦栽培品种的遗传多样性

利用小麦SRAP标记对22个河南省小麦品种进行了遗传多样性分析,10对引物组合扩增获得169个条带,其中70个条带具有多态性,多态条带百分率为41.42％,每对引物平均产生7个多态性条带。22个供试材料的带型按照条带的有,无分别记录为1,0后,采用Nei 72方法计算不同品种的遗传距离,利用NTSYS软件进行非加权成组法（UPGMA）进行了聚类分析。结果表明SRAP标记技术能较真实地反映小麦品种间的亲缘关系,可以用于小麦品种遗传多样性的研究。     

利用SRAP标记分析河南小麦栽培品种的遗传多样性

利用小麦SRAP标记对22个河南省小麦品种进行了遗传多样性分析,10对引物组合扩增获得169个条带,其中70个条带具有多态性,多态条带百分率为41．42％,每对引物平均产生7个多态性条带。22个供试材料的带型按照条带的有、无分别记录为1、0后,采用Nei72方法计算不同品种的遗传距离,利用NTSYS软件进行非加权组法（UPGMA）聚类分析。结果表明SRAP标记技术能较真实地反映小麦品种间的亲缘关系,可以用于小麦品种遗传多样性研究。     

冬枣×宁梨巨枣的子代SRAP鉴定及遗传多样性分析

应用SRAP分子标记方法对冬枣×宁梨巨枣的子代进行了分子鉴定及遗传多样性分析。采用构建基因池的方法对SRAP分子标记引物进行筛选,从88对引物中筛选出15对多态性好、主带清晰的引物,并对子代进行了真实性鉴定及多态性分析。结果表明:(1)15对引物共产生95个多态性条带,平均每对引物产生6.3个多态性条带,显示了较高的多态性比率。(2)80个子代中44个具有父本特征带,鉴定为真杂种。子代遗传多样性及UPGMA聚类分析表明,子代个体与亲本间的遗传相似系数在0.55~0.98之间,个体差异明显。该研究结果为枣树杂交育种提供了重要的分子证据。