知铬胶囊对四氧嘧啶诱导胰岛损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的：评价知铬胶囊对四氧嘧啶诱导胰岛损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法：给予小鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病模型（空腹血糖＞10mmol/L）,给予受试物30d后,测空腹血糖及糖耐量。结果：知铬胶囊能降低高血糖小鼠的空腹血糖,糖耐量实验阳性。结论：知铬胶囊对四氧嘧啶诱导胰岛损份小鼠具有保护作用。     

吉林人参低聚肽对糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用研究

目的：研究吉林人参低聚肽（GOP）对正常大鼠和糖尿病大鼠的血糖调节作用及其机制。方法：正常大鼠降血糖实验：选取雄性SD大鼠30只,根据空腹血糖值随机分为空白对照组和GOP组,GOP组以灌胃的方式给予0.25g/kg bw的人参肽溶液、空白对照组给予等剂量的蒸馏水,连续灌胃30d,测定空腹血糖水平。糖尿病模型大鼠降血糖实验：采用高热能饲料联合小剂量四氧嘧啶建立实验性糖尿病大鼠模型,雄性SD大鼠135只,根据空腹血糖水平随机分为9组：空白对照组、糖尿病模型组（HGC）、乳清蛋白组（WPC）,0.0625、0.125、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0 g/kg bw GOP组。GOP组以灌胃方式给予不同剂量的GOP溶液、WPC组给予0.25g/kg bw的乳清蛋白溶液、HGC和空白对照组给予等体积的蒸馏水。实验期间HGC组、WPC组和GOP各组饲喂高热能饲料,空白对照组使用基础鼠料。连续灌胃28d,HGC组、WPC组和GOP各组给予四氧嘧啶103~105mg/kg bw腹腔注射,空白对照组注射等体积生理盐水。5d后进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）,测定胰岛素水平、糖化血清蛋白、胆固醇等指标。结果：正常大鼠降血糖实验：空白对照组和GOP组空腹血糖水平没有显著差异。糖尿病大鼠降血糖实验：与HGC组比较,GOP 0.0625、0.125、0.25g/kg bw组和WPC组大鼠空腹胰岛素、糖化血清蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、OGTT实验0.5h血糖和血糖曲线下面积明显降低。结论：GOP对正常大鼠空腹血糖没有影响,而对高热能饲料联合小剂量四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的糖脂代谢紊乱具有明显的改善作用。     

异搏定对四氧嘧啶损害大鼠胰岛β细胞的保护作用

本工作用四氧嘧啶(尾静脉注射)造成大鼠实验性糖尿病模型。若预先由腹腔注射异搏定(40mg/kg)则可使大鼠血糖水平明显降低,不产生糖尿病,注射四氧嘧啶后48h,血糖浓度的平均值由22.93±1.37mmol/L下降到8.79±0.83mmol/L。口服葡萄糖耐量试验观察到,经过异搏定处理的糖尿病大鼠,在注射四氧嘧啶后的48h,其胰岛素分泌功能较未经异搏定处理的糖尿病大鼠有明显的恢复。组织学切片也显示,胰岛β细胞内胰岛素分泌颗粒的含量在异搏定处理组较单独四氧嘧啶处理组明显增多。上述结果表明,预先注射异搏定能减轻四氧嘧啶对胰岛β细胞造成的急性损伤。     

燕麦低聚肽对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响

目的：研究燕麦低聚肽（Oat oligopeptides,OOPs）对高热能饮食联合链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）诱导糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响作用。方法：采用SD大鼠经高热能饲料喂养45d后腹腔注射2次30mg/kg链脲佐菌素（注射间隔为6d）,造成2型糖尿病大鼠模型。成模后随机分为燕麦低聚肽组（0.50、1.00、2.00g/kg·BW、糖尿病模型对照组、二甲双胍对照组、乳清蛋白对照组和空白对照组。经过为期15w的干预,检测大鼠空腹血糖、血糖曲线下面积及血脂四项（血清总胆固醇、甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇）。结果：燕麦低聚肽可降低糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖水平并改善糖耐量（P＜0.05）,以2.00g/kg·BW剂量效果最好。结论：长期燕麦低聚肽干预可有效降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平,降低血糖曲线下面积,具有辅助降血糖功能。     

有机铬对实验性糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞形态结构及功能的影响

目的探讨有机铬(2-吡啶甲酸铬)对大鼠胰岛β细胞形态结构及内分泌功能的影响。方法首先通过尾静脉注射新鲜配制的1.5%四氧嘧啶溶液制备糖尿病大鼠模型;通过灌胃的方式提高糖尿病大鼠体内有机铬含量;治疗12周后,通过氧化酶法测定大鼠血清葡萄糖水平,利用免疫组织化学方法和放射免疫学方法分别观察大鼠胰岛β细胞形态结构的改变及大鼠血清胰岛素含量的变化。结果两治疗组大鼠血清葡萄糖水平明显下降,与糖尿病模型组相比,差异均有显著性;400μg治疗组大鼠体内胰岛素水平明显升高,与糖尿病模型组相比差异有显著性,而200μg治疗组大鼠血清胰岛素水平虽有所增加但与糖尿病组相比,差异无显著性;免疫组化显示治疗组大鼠胰岛β细胞数量增多,胞质内胰岛素免疫反应阳性颗粒明显增多。结论有机铬对糖尿病大鼠具有明显的降低血糖功能,并能促进受损胰岛及β细胞形态结构功能的恢复,对糖尿病大鼠病理状态具有明显的改善作用。     

荞麦黄酮复合物对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

本实验是在前期研究的基础上,采用灌胃脂肪乳和腹腔注射小剂量四氧嘧啶成功建立Wistar大鼠2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗动物模型。结果提示:荞麦黄酮复合物能够明显的降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖、血脂水平,改善糖耐量、提高胰岛素敏感性。进一步探讨荞麦黄酮复合物的降血糖改善胰岛素抵抗的作用及其机制。     

血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制研究

为了研究血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制,用正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型,以血糖、糖耐量为指标研究血竭超临界提取物的降糖作用。通过测定体外α-葡萄糖苷酶的活力,观察血竭超临界提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果发现血竭超临界提取物对正常小鼠空腹血糖无明显降低作用,能改善小鼠对蔗糖的耐受力,能降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖水平,能抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。表明血竭超临界提取物对糖尿病小鼠有较好的降糖作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用可能是其降血糖的机制之一。     

虾青素对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用研究

为研究天然虾青素在四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠体内的降血糖作用,将天然虾青素分为高、中、低3个剂量组给四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠灌胃,以0．9％生理盐水为模型对照,以二甲双胍为阳性药物对照进行实验。结果表明：三个剂量的天然虾青素均能较好的降低四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平,并能减缓糖尿病小鼠消瘦和多饮多食的症状,以高剂量组的效果最佳。进一步考察了高剂量的虾青素对正常小鼠的影响,发现其对正常小鼠血糖无显著影响。虾青素对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠具有明显的降血糖作用。     

青钱柳对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用的研究

目的：研究我国特有植物保健食品青钱柳对实验性糖尿病小鼠的降解作用,方法：选用昆明种小鼠尾iv四氧嘧啶,选择性破坏胰岛β细胞,造成小鼠实验性糖尿病模型,尔后用青钱柳提取物给该小鼠灌胃,测定其空腹血糖,观察小鼠血糖及体重变化,最后进行糖耐量实验。结果：给小鼠饲喂试验样品4周后,服用青钱柳70％醇提取物及糖复合物的2组小鼠空腹血糖均明显低于模型对照组（P＜0．05）,同时,糖耐量明显增加且对小鼠体重增长无影响,结论：青钱柳对试验性小鼠具有显著的降血糖作用,作为天然保健食品开发具有广阔的前景。     

马齿苋不同部位提取物改善2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的比较研究

目的观察马齿苋及其不同提取部位对改善2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗糖脂代谢紊乱的影响。方法应用小剂量链脲佐菌素加高热量饲养的方法建立实验性2型糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、马齿苋组、马齿苋MH部位组、马齿苋MS部位组及多烯康对照组,并设正常对照组,各组大鼠相应地给与灌胃治疗12周;检测各组糖代谢及脂代谢血生化指标。结果糖代谢方面,马齿苋组能明显改善实验性2型糖尿病大鼠糖耐量异常,FINS明显低于模型组,相应地ISI显著提高;马齿苋MH部位具有改善实验性2型糖尿病大鼠糖耐量异常的趋势,FINS水平有所下降,ISI有所增加,与模型组比较接近统计学意义;而马齿苋MS部位对2型糖尿病大鼠糖耐量异常影响不大,改善胰岛素作用不明显。脂代谢方面,马齿苋组与模型组比较,显著升高血清HDL-C水平,同时降低血清TC、TG和FFA水平。马齿苋MH部位与模型组比较,显著降低血清TG水平,同时降低血清TC和FFA水平,但升高血清HDL-C水平不明显。马齿苋MS部位与模型组比较,显著降低血清FFA水平,降低血清TG接近统计学意义,但对血清TC和HDL-C水平无明显影响。结论马齿苋能明显改善2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗糖代谢异常。马齿苋MH部位具有改善糖代谢的趋势,而马齿苋MS部位对糖代谢的影响不明显。马齿苋及其马齿苋MH部位、马齿苋MS部位对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗脂代谢异常均有明显的改善作用,但其侧重点各有不同,可能与其作用环节和机制不同有关。     

凝结芽胞杆菌对大鼠降血脂作用的实验研究

目的 根据血脂检查法,探讨ＴＱ３３对实验性高脂血症大鼠模型降低血清总胆固醇（ＣＨ）、甘油三脂（ＴＧ）和升高高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）的可能性。方法 利用ＳＤ大鼠,给予高脂饲料３周建立高脂血症模型,分成三个剂量组分别灌服ＴＱ３３混县液４周,与对照组比较ＣＨ和ＴＧ水平。结果 给高血酯症大鼠ＴＱ３３４周后,高、中、低剂量组动物血清中ＣＨ及ＴＧ均显著降低;并均使高血脂症大鼠血清中ＨＤＬ－Ｃ显著升高。结论 大剂量ＴＱ３３对大鼠高血脂症有一定的治疗作用;并有防止大鼠形成动脉粥样硬化的作用。（注：凝结芽胞杆菌的课题研究中菌种编号为ＴＱ３３）     

Potentiation of hypoglycemic response of glibenclamide by piroxicam in rats and humans.

Influence of piroxicam (PX) on glibenclamide (GL) induced hypoglycemia has been studied in rats, healthy human volunteers and diabetics. GL per se has significantly reduced blood sugar levels in rats and in humans. PX per se has significantly reduced BSLs, in diabetics, while having no significant influence on blood sugar level in rats and healthy human volunteers. Prior administration of PX has potentiated the hypoglycemic effect of GL in rats, healthy human volunteers and diabetics. GL, PX + GL administration have also significantly influenced the glucose tolerance test (GTT) in healthy human volunteers.     

两种发酵食品对糖尿病模型小鼠血糖及血脂的影响

目的：观察诺丽果汁和纳豆两种发酵食品对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖及血脂的影响。方法：ICR雌性小鼠一次性尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶（55 mg/kg）,72 h后将空腹血糖值≥ 12.00 mmol/L、尿糖呈强阳性（+++）者视为糖尿病小鼠模型。将糖尿病模型小鼠随机分为3组（n=10）：模型（DM）组、诺丽果汁（NJ）组和纳豆（NT）组,另取10只正常ICR雌性小鼠作为正常对照（NC）组。NJ组、NT组分别给予诺丽果汁（25.0 ml/kg）、纳豆（0.6 g/kg）灌胃,其他两组小鼠分别给予生理盐水（25.0 ml/kg）灌胃,连续给药30 d,小鼠自由进食、饮水,记录小鼠饮水量及进食量。末次给药后1.5 h,测定小鼠葡萄糖耐量,经股动脉采血测定小鼠糖化血清蛋白（GSP）、血清胰岛素（Ins）和血脂等指标的变化情况。结果：与NC组比较,DM组小鼠饮水量、进食量、GSP及血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）等均显著升高（P<0.01）,葡萄糖耐量、Ins及高密度脂蛋白（HDL）均显著降低（P<0.01）;与DM组比较,NJ组与NT组小鼠GSP、TG及LDL均明显降低（P<0.01,P<0.05）,葡萄糖耐量、Ins和HDL明显升高（P<0.05）。结论：诺丽果汁与纳豆具有降低糖尿病模型小鼠血糖、增加糖耐量及改善血脂的作用,提示二者对糖尿病防治可能具有一定的应用价值。     

Protein deficiency attenuates the effects of alloxan on insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in rats.

We have investigated the effect of alloxan on insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in rats maintained on a 17% protein (normal protein, NP) or 6% protein (low protein, LP) diet from weaning (21 days old) to adulthood (90 days old). The incidence of alloxan diabetes was higher in the NP (3.5 times) than in the LP group. During an oral glucose tolerance test, the area under serum glucose curve was lower in LP (57%) than in NP rats while there were no differences between the two groups in the area under serum insulin curve. The serum glucose disappearance rate (Kitt) after exogenous insulin administration was higher in LP (50%) than in NP rats. In pancreatic islets isolated from rats not injected with alloxan, acute exposure to alloxan (0.05 mmol/L) reduced the glucose- or arginine-stimulated insulin secretion of NP islets by 78% and 56%, respectively, whereas for islets from LP rats, the reduction was 47% and 17% in the presence of glucose and arginine, respectively. Alloxan treatment reduced the glucose oxidation in islets from LP rats to a lesser extent than in NP islets (23% vs. 56%). In conclusion, alloxan was less effective in producing hyperglycemia in rats fed a low protein diet than in normal diet rats. This effect is attributable to an increased peripheral sensivity to insulin in addition to a better preservation of glucose oxidation and insulin secretion in islets from rats fed a low protein diet.     

Lowering of blood sugar by water extract of Azadirachta indica and Abroma augusta in diabetes rats

Combination (1:1 ) of water extract of dried powder of root and leaves (200 mg/kg body wt) of A. augusta and A. indica respectively was administered orally to alloxan diabetic rats once a day for 8 weeks. This treatment caused significant lowering of blood sugar in fasted as estimated by glucose tolerance test. The treatment resulted in a significant reduction in serum lipids. Aqueous extract also decreased the formation of lipid peroxides estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, (TBARS), and increased antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase) in erythrocytes. There was reduction in LPO as TBARS in heart, liver, kidney, and muscles. It also prevented decrease in body weight. Present study showed that Abroma augusta roots and A. indica leaves when given together as water extract had hypoglycaemic action and had better effect than given alone.     

葛根素对2型糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用*

目的:观察葛根素对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠的治疗作用。方法:采用高糖高脂饲料喂养加一次性腹腔注射60 mg/kg链脲佐菌素的方法建立T2DM 大鼠模型,随机分为正常组,模型组,二甲双胍(40 mg/kg)组,葛根素低、中、高剂量(40,80,160 mg/kg)组,每组10只大鼠;造模成功后,灌胃给药4周,每周测量大鼠体重和空腹血糖(FBG),末次给药24 h后取血,收集血清,检测各组大鼠的血糖、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC) 、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)水平、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C),血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性,血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、尿酸(UA)水平。结果:干预4周后,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体重显著降低(P＜0.01),FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,BUN,SCr,UA均显著升高(P＜0.01),而HDL-C 显著降低(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,二甲双胍组和葛根素各剂量组大鼠体重均显著增加(P＜0.01),FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,BUN,SCr,UA均显著降低(P＜0.01),而HDL-C显著升高(P＜0.01)。结论:葛根素能够减少T2DM大鼠体重降低幅度,降低血脂、血糖水平,可用于T2DM的治疗。     

Improvement of glucose tolerance with immunomodulators in type 2 diabetic animals

Cytokine-inducers prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in animal models. We extended this therapy to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), because it was reported that diabetes of KK-Ay mice, a model for NIDDM, was recovered by allogenic bone-marrow transplantation that also prevented IDDM in animal models. An i.p. or i.v. injection of streptococcal preparation (OK 432) lowered fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and markedly improved glucose tolerance test (GTT) in KK-Ay mice for more than 32 h regardless of the glucose loading routes (oral, i.v. or i.p.), while an i.v. injection of BCG improved FBG and GTT for more than 4 wks without body weight loss. The improvement of FBG and GTT with OK-432 was brought about in other NIDDM animals, GK rats and Wistar fatty rats. Among various cytokines possibly induced by OK-432 and BCG, IL-1α, TNFα and lymphotoxin significantly improved FBG and GTT in KK-Ay mice, whereas IL-2 and IFN_γ did not. There were no differences between the OK-432-treated KK-Ay mice and control in histology of the pancreas, degree of insulin-induced decrease in blood glucose levels, and muscle glycogen synthase activities. As to insulin secretion, there is a tendency that the OK-432-treatment less than 1 week did not affect insulin levels during GTT, whereas the treatment more than 2 weeks increased the insulin levels. Thus, cytokine-inducers improved FBG and glucose tolerance of NIDDM animals probably via cytokines. The results imply a role of the cytokines in glucose tolerance of NIDDM, although precise immune and metabolic mechanisms remain to be elucidated.     

Effects of habitual perilla (shiso) tea drinking on the incidence of diabetes mellitus in spontaneously diabetic Trii (SDT)rats

The anti-diabetic effect of perilla (shiso) tea was evaluated in vivo. When shiso tea was given to model rats that spontaneously developed diabetes mellitus (DM), the development of DM was decelerated. In oral glucose tolerance tests, the disappearance of blood glucose in rats administered shiso tea was reinforced. These results suggest that habitual drinking of shiso tea is effective in preventing the onset of diabetes.     

Effect of curcumin on glucose and lipid metabolism,FFAs and TNF-α in serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus rat models

ObjectiveTo investigate how curcumin affects the glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) rat models, and to explore its effect on the free fatty acid (FFA) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum.MethodsSuccessfully established type 2 DM rats were divided into three groups, i.e. the normal control group, model group and curcumin group, and received the medication for consecutive 8 weeks. Thereafter, we detected the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), and the blood glucose at 30 min, 60 min and 120 min; besides, we also carried out the insulin tolerance tests to measure the levels of fasting serum insulin (FINS) and blood glucose at 40 min and 90 min; additionally, we also detected the levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FFA and TNF-α in serum. The results were expected to discover the mechanism of curcumin in decreasing the blood glucose level in DM rats.ResultsCompared with the model group, AUCs of FBG, blood glucose at 30 min, 60 min and 120 min, and glucose were decreased in varying degrees in the curcumin group, and the differences had statistical significance (p < .05). After subcutaneous injection of insulin, we found that the blood glucose at 40 min and 90 min in the curcumin group was decreased, while AUC of glucose level was also decreased (p < .05 or .01). Eight weeks after medication, compared with the rats in the normal group, the levels of HDL-C, LDL-C, TC and TG in rats of the model group and the curcumin group were obviously increased (p < .05). In comparison with the model group, the level of LDL-C in rats of the curcumin group was also decreased significantly (p < .05). In comparison with the normal control group in the same period, we found that the content of FFAs and TNF-α in serum of rats of the model group were elevated significantly, and the differences had statistical significance (p < .05 or .01); the levels in the curcumin group were significantly decreased in comparison with the model group in the same period, and the difference had statistical significance (p < .05 or .01).ConclusionTreatment with curcumin can significantly improve the metabolic disorder of glucose and lipid, enhance the sensitivity to the insulin, and ameliorate the resistance to insulin of the type II DM rats. Meanwhile, this treatment method can also significantly decrease the level of FFA and TNF-α in serum of type II DM rats. Thus, we inferred that the mechanism of curcumin to improve the insulin resistance might be correlated with the decreases of FFA and TNF-α in serum.     

Effects of Habitual Perilla (Shiso) Tea Drinking on the Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Spontaneously Diabetic Trii (SDT)Rats

The anti-diabetic effect of perilla (shiso) tea was evaluated in vivo. When shiso tea was given to model rats that spontaneously developed diabetes mellitus (DM), the development of DM was decelerated. In oral glucose tolerance tests, the disappearance of blood glucose in rats administered shiso tea was reinforced. These results suggest that habitual drinking of shiso tea is effective in preventing the onset of diabetes.