外周血单个核细胞中肺炎衣原体的分离、培养及连续传代

开发一种分离并增殖肺炎衣原体(Cpn)的简易方法极具意义。该方法先分离血液标本中的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),用PEG使Cpn-Ag阳性的PBMC裂解释放出Cpn,然后与人喉表皮癌细胞(Hep-2)一起离心,继续培养Hep-2细胞,再将Hep-2细胞冻融破碎后,放入到新的Hep-2细胞中进行离心,以完成Cpn的1次传代,然后以同样的方法进行2-4次传代。分别用微量免疫荧光法(MIF)及PCR法检测Hep-2细胞中的Cpn-Ag和CpnDNA,并用FITC标记的属特异性衣原体脂多糖单克隆抗体检测实验分离以及进口菌株传代后的包涵体形成单位数量。结果显示MIF法检测Cpn感染后的Hep-2细胞,其胞内Cpn-Ag强阳性;MIF法检测1次传代及2次传代的Hep-2细胞,其胞内Cpn-Ag亦均强阳性,3次传代为阳性,而4次传代为阴性;PCR法检测2次传代后CpnDNA阳性。该简化方法可以实现PBMC中Cpn的分离,分离菌株传代4次后出现退化(优于进口菌株),但该方法仍可实现进一步的培养及传代。     

肺炎衣原体单克隆抗体的研制和应用

目的:以杂交瘤技术制备抗肺炎衣原体(Cpn)单克隆抗体,用于衣原体感染的诊断及相关疾病的研究。方法:以进口Cpn抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,将免疫小鼠的脾脏细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,用间接ELISA法筛选抗体阳性杂交瘤细胞。收集接种过杂交瘤细胞的小鼠腹水,分别用ELISA法检测抗体效价、用免疫琼脂扩散试验鉴定单抗的类别、用微量荧光免疫试验(MIF)检测单抗的种属特异性。用克隆表达的主要外膜蛋白(MOMP)通过Dot-ELISA法分析单抗的特异性。通过建立直接免疫荧光法(DIF)检测病人和正常人外周血单核细胞(PBMC)标本,并进行统计处理。结果:小鼠脾脏细胞与SP2/0细胞的融合率为61.46%(236/384),最终获得4株稳定分泌Cpn单抗的细胞株。用ELISA法检测小鼠腹水,效价高者可达1∶100000。免疫琼脂扩散试验鉴定为IgG类单抗,扩散效价达1∶128。自制单抗能与重组MOMP发生结合反应,表明其为抗CpnMOMP抗体。自制单抗与进口单抗类似,即与鹦鹉热衣原体(Cps)出现一定程度的交叉反应,而与沙眼衣原体(Ct)则无交叉反应。对240份PBMC标本用自制单抗和进口单抗同时检测Cpn抗原,2种单抗检测均阳性的共86份,经SPSS软件分析两者具有较好的一致性。DIF检测显示,心血管疾病和呼吸道疾病Cpn抗原阳性检出率分别为69.34%(95/137)和72.06%(49/68),与正常人标本Cpn抗原阳性率相比,均具有显著性差异。结论:获得IgG类抗CpnMOMP单抗,自制Cpn单抗的特异性和敏感性均与进口单抗具有较好的一致性。PBMCCpn抗原检测的统计分析证实,对于动脉粥样硬化等某些疾病的发生和发展,Cpn感染可能是重要的原因之一,但其中的因果关系还有待深入研究。     

沙眼衣原体CT058蛋白在感染细胞中的定位分析

分析沙眼衣原体CT058蛋白在感染细胞中的定位.克隆表达CT058蛋白;纯化的CT058融合蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体;间接免疫荧光法对CT058蛋白在沙眼衣原体感染细胞中的定位进行分析;Western blot检测CT058蛋白在原体和网状体中的表达情况.间接免疫荧光染色实验显示CT058蛋白位于包涵体内;鼠抗GST-CT058抗体与GST-CT058融合蛋白吸附后特异性染色消失,而与GST-CT232融合蛋白吸附后仍然可见GST-CT058抗体的包涵体染色特征;Western blot证实CT058蛋白在纯化的原体和网状体上均有表达.CT058蛋白定位于沙眼衣原体感染细胞的包涵体内.     

肺炎嗜衣原体蛋白酶样活性因子免疫优势区基因 重组蛋白在早期诊断中的应用

[目的]克隆和表达肺炎嗜衣原体(Chlamydophila pneumoniae,Cpn)蛋白酶样活性因子(CPAF)免疫优势区基因,评价重组蛋白在早期感染诊断中的应用价值.[方法]挑选并克隆出Cpn CPAF免疫优势区基因,构建原核表达载体,诱导表达并纯化重组蛋白,分析其抗原特异性;间接ELISA法检测Cpn参考血清、临床血清标本中的特异性IgM抗体,以及呼吸道感染患者痰咽拭子中的Cpn抗原;检测沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis,Ct)临床阳性血清和泌尿生殖道分泌物.[结果]高效表达和纯化出一相对分子量约51.3kDa的重组蛋白;Western blot证明其只与人抗Cpn抗血清发生特异性反应;间接ELISA法检测40份Cpn IgM参考血清,阴性和阳性结果的一致率均为100%(40/40);与"金标准"方法MIF对照,检测300例临床血清标本中的IgM抗体,符合率为98.3%;与PCR试剂对照,检测120份呼吸道感染患者痰咽拭子中的Cpn抗原,符合率为88.3%;检测Ct阳性血清和泌尿生殖道分泌物,与Ct没有交叉反应.[结论]制备的CPAF免疫优势区基因重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性,在Cpn感染早期诊断中具有较高的利用价值.     

肺炎嗜衣原体诊断方法的研究进展

肺炎嗜衣原体(Cpn)是20世纪80年代新发现的一种重要的病原体,它不仅可以引起急慢性呼吸道感染,而且可能通过直接或间接的机制参与冠心病的发生与发展,因而受到了人们越来越多的关注。而Cpn感染的诊断正是人们关注的焦点之一。近年来,Cpn感染的诊断技术有了很大的进展,由十分困难的分离培养法到血清学检测方法发展成为今天的分子生物学诊断技术。毫无疑问,诊断方法的进展在便利Cpn感染诊治的同时,也将为人们更好的了解Cpn奠定基础。本文就Cpn感染的检测方法的研究进展作综述如下。     

肺炎衣原体感染与青少年I型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的:探讨肺炎衣原体感染与青少年I型糖尿病的相关性,为I型糖尿病的的临床治疗提供参考依据。方法:选择2010年12月-2012年6月间石家庄地区各医院收治的49例青少年T1DM患者为观察组,及同期50例健康人作为对照组,应用即时指尖血免疫测定仪分析受试者HbA1c水平;应用RT-PCR技术检测血液中Cpn DNA;应用ELISA方法检测受试者血清中Cpn特异性抗体水平,对Cpn DNA的检出情况及HbA1c水平与Cpn DNA和特异性抗体水平的相关性进行统计学分析。结果:观察组Cpn DNA的检出率为46.9%,显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组Cpn抗体阳性率显著高于对照组(P0.05),且观察组再次感染或慢性感染Cpn的百分率显著高于对照组(P0.05);HbA1c与IgG/IgA抗体水平显著相关,血糖控制较差(HbA1c9%)的糖尿病患者Cpn IgG/IgA抗体阳性率与血糖控制较好的患者(HbA1c7%)相比显著升高(P0.05)。结论:与健康对照相比,青少年T1DM患者更容易感染Cpn,且更容易由急性感染状态进展为慢性感染形式,良好的血糖可能降低患者发生与代谢控制有关的慢性并发症。     

肺炎支原体感染鼠P1特异抗原的动态检测

通过实验动物模型探讨肺炎支原体感染动物肺泡灌洗液中特异抗原检出率的动态变化,为肺炎支原体感染的临床诊断提供理论依据。小鼠经鼻自然感染肺炎支原体,分别采集感染后不同时间点小鼠的支气管灌洗液,应用量子点标记肺炎支原体P1蛋白抗体,直接免疫荧光法检测感染鼠肺泡灌洗液中肺炎支原体P1特异抗原,同时通过PCR检测肺组织肺炎支原体DNA及肺组织病理切片观察肺部炎性变化确定小鼠感染。结果显示,感染鼠肺炎支原体特异抗原在感染后第3天检出阳性率为75%,第7天达高峰为83%,之后随病程延长,抗原检测的阳性率逐渐下降,在感染后第14、21天检出阳性率分别为58%和25%。肺炎支原体特异抗原在感染早期检出率高。应用量子点标记肺炎支原体P1蛋白抗体,直接免疫荧光法检测肺炎支原体特异抗原可应用于肺炎支原体感染的早期诊断。     

肺炎衣原体ompA基因VD2-VD3区重组蛋白在血清学诊断中的初步应用

应用聚合酶联反应(PCR)技术,从肺炎衣原体Chlamydia pneumoniae的主要外膜蛋白(Major Outer Membrane Protein,MOMP)编码基因(ompA)上扩增出抗原优势表位VD2-VD3区基因,构建原核表达系统并诱导表达重组蛋白,经Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化表达产物。间接酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme link immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测人血清中特异性IgG抗体。试验表明,转化入BL21大肠杆菌的重组质粒,能表达并纯化出相对分子质量(Mr)为24KD的重组蛋白。Western blot证实重组蛋白只与Cpn MOMP mAb发生特异性反应;重组蛋白用作ELISA包被抗原检测Cpn阴阳性参比血清,特异性和灵敏度均为100%;对126位冠心病患者血清进行的检测中,该间接ELISA法与晶美公司Cpn IgG ELISA诊断试剂盒的检测结果相比,符合率达到96.3%。结果证实,制备的重组蛋白MOMPVD2-VD3具有良好的免疫活性,在Cpn血清学诊断的应用中具有较大的利用价值。     

肺炎衣原体感染与急性心肌梗死关系的试验研究及初探

目的检测血清肺炎衣原体(TWAR)和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)的诊断价值及血清脂质谱的变化,以期了解我国AMI患者TWAR的感染状况以及相关因子变化的临床意义.方法采用间接显微免疫荧光法检测53例急性心肌梗死病人和50例健康体验者血清肺炎衣原体IgG和IgM滴度,用ELISA法分别检测其血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量,同时检测两组血清脂质谱的含量.结果急性心肌梗死组肺炎衣原体既往感染率(73.6%)明显高于对照组(14%)(P ＜0.01),两组肺炎衣原体急性感染率差异无显著性(P＞0.05);两组血清中IL-6 含量超过正常上限值的阳性率差异有显著性,即对照组明显低于急性心肌梗死组(P＜0.0 1).发现急性心肌梗死组肺炎衣原体感染阳性者,其危险的血清脂质谱较对照组有明显的增加.结论肺炎衣原体感染与冠心病和急性心肌梗死的发生、疾病发展过程有密切关系 .     

利用硬皮病病人的自发抗体研究着丝点抗原的保守性及其性质

本文分别用四种CREST综合症硬皮病病人自发抗着丝点血清,对六种类型的细胞进行了间接免疫荧光染色。染色结果表明:这种着丝点抗原在进化中保持了高度的保守性,它在哺乳类、爬行类、两栖类、鱼类、无脊椎动物昆虫纲甚至植物细胞中都具有相似的抗原性。另外,本文对这种着丝点抗原的性质也进行了研究,细胞化学分析表明:人喉癌细胞Hep-2和中华大蟾蜍骨髓细胞内的这种着丝点抗原,它们具有完全相似的抗原性质,均为紧密结合的非组蛋白。本文中所用的实验方法在临床上可直接应用于抗着丝点抗体的检测,因此,具有一定的实践意义。     

Cpn20: Siamese twins of the chaperonin world

The chloroplast cpn20 protein is a functional homolog of the cpn10 co-chaperonin, but its gene consists of two cpn10-like units joined head-to-tail by a short chain of amino acids. This double protein is unique to plastids and was shown to exist in plants as well plastid-containing parasites. In vitro assays showed that this cpn20 co-chaperonin is a functional homolog of cpn10. In terms of structure, existing data indicate that the oligomer is tetrameric, yet it interacts with a heptameric cpn60 partner. Thus, the functional oligomeric structure remains a mystery. In this review, we summarize what is known about this distinctive chaperonin and use a bioinformatics approach to examine the expression of cpn20 in Arabidopsis thaliana relative to other chaperonin genes in this species. In addition, we examine the primary structure of the two homologous domains for similarities and differences, in comparison with cpn10 from other species. Lastly, we hypothesize as to the oligomeric structure and raison d’être of this unusual co-chaperonin homolog. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

衣原体分泌性蛋白研究进展

衣原体分泌性蛋白是由衣原体基因编码并分泌到宿主细胞胞浆中的具有酶活性蛋白,研究最多的是蛋白酶体样活性因子即CPAF。CPAF能抑制IFN-γ诱导的MHC分子的表达、裂解角蛋白-8并通过裂解宿主细胞唯BH3域蛋白参与抗凋亡作用。2005年又发现两种肺炎嗜衣原体的分泌性蛋白CPn0796和CPn0797,但对其研究不多。     

Twintrons are not unique to the Euglena chloroplast genome: structure and evolution of a plastome cpn60 gene from a cryptomonad

Introns within introns (twintrons) are known only from the Euglena chloroplast genome. Twintrons are group II or III introns, into which another group II or III intron has been transposed. In this paper we describe a non-Euglena twintron structure within a plastid-encoded chaperone gene (cpn60) of the cryptomonad alga Pyrenomonas salina. In addition, the evolutionary relationships between members of the Cpn60 protein family are determined. Our findings permit the inclusion of cryptomonad plastomes in phylogenetic studies of intron evolution and present further evidence for the origin of modern plastids from a cyanobacterial ancestor.This paper is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Peter Sitte on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

Alteration of Cpn60 expression in pancreatic tissue of rats with acute pancreatitis

The expression of heat-shock protein 60 (also known as chaperonin 60, Cpn60) in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered to play an active role in the prevention of abnormal enzyme accumulation and activation in pancreatic acinar cells. However, there are controversial results in the literature regarding the relationship between the abnormality of Cpn60 expression and AP onset and development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alternations of Cpn60 expression and the relationship between the abnormal expression of Cpn60 and AP progression in rat severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) models. In this report, we induced SAP in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats by reverse injection of sodium deoxycholate into the pancreatic duct, and examined the dynamic changes of Cpn60 expression in pancreatic tissues from different time points and at different levels with techniques of real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. At 1 h after SAP induction, the expression of Cpn60 mRNA in the AP pancreatic tissues was higher than those in the sham-operation group and normal control group, but decreased sharply as the time period was extended, and there was a significant difference between 1 h and 10 h after SAP induction (p < 0.05). In the AP process, Cpn60 protein expression showed transient elevation as well, and the increased protein expression occurred predominantly in affected, but not totally destroyed, pancreatic acinar cells. As AP progressed, the pancreatic tissues were seriously damaged, leading to a decreased overall Cpn60 protein expression. Our results show a complex pattern of Cpn60 expression in pancreatic tissues of SAP rats, and the causality between the damage of pancreatic tissues and the decrease of Cpn60 level needs to be investigated further. Xue-Li Li and Kun Li contributed equally to this work.     

OsCpn60α1, encoding the plastid chaperonin 60α subunit, is essential for folding of rbcL

Chaperonins are involved in protein-folding. The rice genome encodes six plastid chaperonin subunits (Cpn60) — three α and three β. Our study showed that they were differentially expressed during normal plant development. Moreover, five were induced by heat stress (42°C) but not by cold (10°C). The oscpn60α1 mutant had a pale-green phenotype at the seedling stage and development ceased after the fourth leaf appeared. Transiently expressed OsCpn60α1:GFP fusion protein was localized to the chloroplast stroma. Immuno-blot analysis indicated that the level of Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) was severely reduced in the mutant while levels were unchanged for some imported proteins, e.g., stromal heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 (Lhcb1). This demonstrated that OsCpn60α1 is required for the folding of rbcL and that failure of that process is seedling-lethal.     

肺炎衣原体蛋白激酶Cpn0148的克隆表达和定位

目前认为肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumonia, Cpn)除导致呼吸道疾病外, 也是与冠心病相关的重要病原体。作为一种细胞内寄生的病原菌, Cpn激活宿主细胞信号通路, 维护其在细胞内生长代谢, 并导致疾病。肺炎衣原体基因Cpn0148可编码真核细胞样的丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶, 利用PCR技术扩增全长Cpn0148 ORF, 将其定向插入pGEX-6p原核表达载体, 在大肠杆菌XL-1blue中表达, 测序显示Cpn0148 ORF全长1860 bp, 编码619个氨基酸, 分子量大约70 kD,     

Interaction of homologues of Hsp70 and Cpn60 with ferredoxin-NADP reductase upon its import into chloroplasts

A homologue of the 70-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp70) was purified from pumpkin chloroplasts. The molecular mass of the purified protein was approximately 75 kDa and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was very similar to those of homologues of Hsp70 from bacterial cells and from the mitochondrial matrix and stroma of pea chloroplasts. The purified homologue of Hsp70 was found in the stroma of chloroplasts. To investigate the role(s) of the homologue of Hsp70 in the chloroplast stroma, we examined the possibility that the homologue of Hsp70 might interact with newly imported proteins to assist in their maturation (for example, in their folding and assembly). Ferredoxin NADP⁺ reductase (FNR) imported into chloroplasts in vitro could be immunoprecipitated with antisera raised against the homologue of Hsp70 from pumpkin chloroplasts and against GroEL from Escherichia coli, which is a bacterial homologue of chaperonin 60 (Cpn60), in an ATP-dependent manner, an indication that newly imported FNR interacts physically with homologues of Hsp70 and Cpn60 in chloroplasts. Time-course analysis of the import of FNR showed that imported FNR interacts transiently with the homologue of Hsp70 and that the association of FNR with the homologue of Hsp70 precedes that with the homologue of Cpn60. These results suggest that homologues of Hsp70 and Cpn60 in chloroplasts might sequentially assist in the maturation of newly imported FNR in an ATP-dependent manner.     

An exceptionally stable Group II chaperonin from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf) grows optimally at 100 °C and encodes single genes for the Group II chaperonin (Cpn), Pf Cpn and α-crystallin homolog, the small Heat shock protein (sHsp). Recombinant Pf Cpn is exceptionally thermostable and remained active in high ionic strength, and up to 3 M guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl). Pf Cpn bound specifically to denatured lysozyme and ATP addition resulted in protection of lysozyme from aggregation and inactivation at 100 °C. While complexed to heat inactivated lysozyme, Pf Cpn showed enhanced thermostability and ATPase activity, and increased the optimal temperature for ATPase activity from 90 to 100 °C. Protein substrate binding also stabilized the 16-mer oligomer of Pf Cpn in 3 M Gdn-HCl and activated ATPase hydrolysis in 3-5 M Gdn-HCl. In addition, Pf Cpn recognized and refolded the non-native lysozyme released from Pf sHsp, consistent with the inferred functions of these chaperones as the primary protein folding pathway during cellular heat shock.     

Three GroEL homologues from Rhizobium leguminosarum have distinct in vitro properties

The GroEL molecular chaperone of Escherichia coli and its cofactor GroES are highly conserved, and are required for the folding of many proteins. Most but not all bacteria express single GroEL and GroES proteins. Rhizobium leguminosarum strain A34 encodes three complete operons encoding homologues to GroEL and GroES. We have used circular dichroism and measurement of ATPase activity to compare the stabilities of these chaperonins after expression in and purification from E. coli. Significant differences in the stabilities of the proteins with respect to denaturant and temperature were found. The proteins also differed in their ability to refold denatured lactate dehydrogenase. This study, the first to compare the properties of three different GroEL homologues from the same organism, shows that despite the high degree of similarity between different homologues, they can display distinct properties in vitro.