鲎的分布及生活习性

鲎是一种古老的节肢动物,现存的鲎分为二亚科三属四种,本文对鲎在世界上的分布及其生活习性做了概述。     

鲎肽素(tachyplesins)、tachystatins和polyphemusins

本文介绍分离自中国鲎、美洲鲎的三个肽类物质,即鲎肽素(tachyplesin)、tachystatin、polyphemusin及其氨基酸序列、生物活性、应用前景。     

中国南方海域鲎的种类和分布

The northern sea area of the South China Sea is situated between 107.5°～122.5°East longitude and 17°～25° North latitude with high temperature and a large quantity of rainfall which belongs to the oceanic climate of the torrid zone and subtropical zone. From September, 1994 to June, 1998,during the research on the species of Horseshoe crab within the scope between the south from North gulf and the north to Xiamen, choosing Xiamen, Shantou, Wuchuan, Donghaidao and Qishui as fixed positions and irregularly going to Xuwen and Suixi in Guangdong province and Fangcheng in Guangxi province, we found that there was only Tachypleus tridentatus in the northern sea area of the South China Sea and the sea area from Wuchuan to Xiamen, and found that there were two species of horseshoe crab which were Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda in the southern area to East Sea Island, referring to East Sea Island, Qishui, Xuwen, Suixi and Fangcheng, most of which were Tachypleus tridentatus, and found a great number of larvae of Tachypleus tridentatus including zooids with different sizes from 7cm bodily length to mature. In Minan we found not only big colonies of adult Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda , but also a great number of larvae of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda with different body size from 7cm body length to maturity. All these show that the northern sea area of the South China Sea is the area where both Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda distribute and reproduce. On January 1st, 1998 at the town of Qishui in Leizhou, we found an adult male Horseshoe crab and majority of its eggs was immature, while the eggs with above 4mm diameters were only 0.87 percent but the eggs with below 1.0mm diameter was 58 percent(1 160 pills). It shows that Qishui is a place where Tachyplers tridentatus survive in the winter.     

鲎人工授清试验的初步观察

本文报告东方鲎的人工授精实验,共进行四次,均获得成功,受精率述9 5％以上,经49—59天孵育出幼鲎。文中较详细地介绍了人工授精的方法及注意事项,并对鲎胚的发育过程做简单介绍。     

中国鲎的胚胎发育

用人工授精子方法获取中国鲎的受精卵,室温下完成胚胎发育,实验结果表明：（1）中国鲎成熟卵为黄色或浅黄色,卵经2．7－3.5mm,扫描电镜下厚而韧的卵壳上有许多大小不同的微孔,精子头部椭圆形,具一盘状顶体囊,尾呈鞭毛状,（2）中国鲎的胚胎发育可分为卵裂期,囊胚期,原肠胚形成期,附肢原基形成期,组织分化期和快速生长期,从受精到孵三叶幼体约需55d。（3）中国鲎胚胎发育具有发育期长,个体差异大,部分胚胎发生滞育等特点.     

东方鲎消化道上皮的超微结构观察

本文利用透射电镜对2只成年健康东方鲎消化道上皮的超微结构进行观察。文中重点描述了从食道至直肠的上皮细胞超微结构的主要特点,并对其结构与功能之间的关系进行了初步的讨论。     

中国鲎和圆尾鲎血淋巴细胞分类和特征的比较研究

为了更好地了解中国鲎(Tachpleus tridentatus)和圆尾鲎(Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)血淋巴细胞的种类组成和特征差异,综合运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和粒度仪,较为系统地对两种鲎的血淋巴细胞进行了分类和特征研究,从而为两种鲎的血淋巴细胞和分子生物学研究提供基础资料。根据血淋巴细胞大小、核质比、细胞着色特点、细胞中颗粒存在与否、颗粒的密集程度等,中国鲎和圆尾鲎的血淋巴细胞均可分为大颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞和透明细胞三种主要类型,且两种鲎的血淋巴细胞均以颗粒细胞为主,透明细胞在血淋巴细胞中所占比例最小,但具有高核质比。两种鲎的同类血淋巴细胞在染色和形态上无显著性差异,但在同一种鲎中,血淋巴细胞密度存在显著的雌雄差异。       

鲎试验及其应用

<正> 本文就鲎试验及其应用的基本知识和进展,粗略介绍以下几个问题:(一)鲎及鲎试剂;(二)鲎试验的机理和方法;(三)关于鲎试验的评价及应用。