血清HCG, AFP联合超声检查对前置胎盘植入类型的相关性分析

目的:探讨超声对植入胎盘诊断的敏感性及特异性及血清AFP、HCG和不同胎盘植入类型的相关性。方法:选取孕晚期前置胎盘产妇208例,按孕周1:1匹配,选取入无前置胎盘无胎盘植入的产妇208例为对照组。产前对所有研究对象进行胎盘超声学检查,根据术后病理将胎盘植入类型分为粘连性胎盘、植入性胎盘和穿透性胎盘组。同时测定产前、产后3 d、产后4 w血清AFP和HCG水平。结果:208例前置胎盘最终病理确诊胎盘植入67例,占32.21%(其中粘连性胎盘组31例、植入性胎盘组19例、穿透性胎盘组17例),产前超声诊断62例。超声对胎盘植入诊断总的敏感性86.56%,特异性97.16%。对照组、前置胎盘并胎盘植入组、单纯胎盘前置组胎盘厚度平均(2.34±0.63)cm、(3.27±0.78)cm、(2.42±0.61)cm,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。粘连性胎盘植入组、植入性胎盘组、穿透性胎盘组产前、产后3 d、产后4 w各时间点血清AFP、β-HCG均明显高于对照组和前置胎盘组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。穿透性胎盘组产前、产后3 d、产后4 w各时间点血清AFP、β-HCG高于粘连性胎盘组和植入性胎盘组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声对穿透性胎盘植入诊断具有较高的特异性和敏感性,但对粘连性胎盘植入诊断的敏感性和特异性不高,血清AFP和HCG水平和胎盘植入类型有一定关系,联合检测有助于胎盘植入类型的诊断。     

产前超声征象评分联合肌酸激酶对前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨肌酸激酶(CK)联合产前超声征象评分对前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的诊断价值。方法:选取2017年1月到2017年12月期间在我院行剖宫产分娩的106例前置胎盘患者,根据有无胎盘植入分为植入组(46例)和未植入组(60例),另选取同期在我院行剖宫产分娩的健康产妇60例作为对照组。比较植入组和未植入组的产后出血、新生儿1 min Apgar评分、子宫全切或次全切除。比较三组研究对象的产前超声征象评分和血清CK水平。以临床手术和(或)病理结果为金标准,分析CK、产前超声征象评分单独检测及二者联合对前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的诊断价值。结果:植入组有产后出血、新生儿1 min Apgar评分≤7分、有子宫全切或次全切除的发生率均高于未植入组(P0.05)。植入组的产前超声征象评分和血清CK水平高于未植入组和对照组(P0.05),未植入组和对照组的产前超声征象评分和血清CK水平比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。产前超声征象评分联合CK的敏感度高于产前超声征象评分、CK单独检测(P0.05),产前超声征象评分、CK及产前超声征象评分联合CK对前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:CK与产前超声征象评分联合检测对前置胎盘合并胎盘植入具有较高的诊断价值。     

经腹彩色超声多普勒在前置胎盘并发胎盘植入诊断中的价值

目的探讨经腹彩色超声多普勒在前置胎盘并发胎盘植入诊断中的价值。方法对2010年1月-2014年12月在我院住院的232例前置胎盘产妇进行产前腹部彩超检查,预测胎盘植入发生与否,并通过分娩和病理结果对胎盘植入进行评估。结果本组232例产妇中,经腹壁彩超诊断为胎盘植入有23例,其中包括表现为胎盘后间隙不可见6例,经临床和病理均证实符合胎盘植入,表现为胎盘和周围血流异常丰富17例,其中有13例符合胎盘植入,4例为假阳性;其他209例产妇中,发生6例胎盘植入,此6例均在彩超下表现为后壁性中央性前置胎盘,胎盘面积稍增大但无其他彩超下异常表现。除胎盘面积较大外,未发现其他胎盘植入的彩超声像特点;本次彩超诊断胎盘植入的灵敏度为76%(19/25),特异度为98.07%(203/207)。结论经腹壁的彩超声多普勒在预测前置胎盘并发胎盘植入上有较好的诊断价值。     

产前超声对双胎输血综合征的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨产前超声对双胎输血综合征(TTTS)的临床诊断价值。方法收集2015年2月～2018年2月在我院治疗的66例双胎输血综合征孕妇产后胎盘病理检查以及围产儿生长发育情况等相关资料,并进行比较产前超声诊断的准确性。结果产前超声诊断TTTS 54例,准确率为81.82%。其中TTTSⅢ级28例(51.85%),TTTSⅣ级5例(9.26%),TTTSⅤ级6例(11.11%)。对产前超声确诊的TTTS影像学资料进行分析发现,54例TTTS均表现为受血儿羊水过多,供血儿羊水过少;供血儿中29例(53.70%)为贴壁儿,26例(48.15%)脐动脉舒张期血流中断,19例(35.19%)膀胱不显示,16例(29.63%)受血儿脐动脉S/D增高且供血儿脐动脉舒张期血流中断,32例(59.26%)选择引产。结论对双胎输血综合征产妇进行诊断时,采用产前超声检查具有较高的诊断准确率,临床诊断价值较高。     

产前超声评估对前置胎盘患者分娩大出血的预测价值

目的:探讨前置胎盘孕妇产前超声评估对预测产时大出血的临床价值。方法:选取2012年1月至2015年1月在我院诊断为持续性前置胎盘(妊娠晚期和/或分娩期胎盘仍为持续状态)的孕妇60名,结合孕妇临床表现和产前超声检查,分析在剖宫产术中出现大出血的预测因素。结果:60名产妇中,有22例(36.7%)出现术中大出血(1500 m L)。对22例出现大出血的产妇进行分组比较发现,既往有子宫手术史,前置胎盘距离宫颈内口更近甚至覆盖内口,缺乏透明带和胎盘植入的产妇,都表现出产时出血量增加,相比较未发生大出血的产妇,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。胎盘覆盖宫颈内口,缺乏透明带,胎盘缺损,彩色多普勒异常的产妇在剖宫产时发生大出血的概率更高(P0.05)。结论:胎盘覆盖宫颈内口,缺乏透明带,胎盘植入,彩色多普勒异常的产妇在剖宫产时发生大出血的概率更高,可作为预测产时大出血的因素。     

产前经腹灰阶联合彩色血流超声多参数对胎盘植入性疾病的诊断效能研究

摘要 目的：探究产前经腹灰阶联合彩色血流超声多参数对胎盘植入性疾病的诊断效能。方法：2019年11月-2021年12月于我院收治的产前超声诊断为前置胎盘的孕妇共计62例,其中44例超声诊断合并了胎盘植入的孕妇。所有孕妇产前均进行经腹灰阶检查、经腹彩色超声检查和二者联合检查胎盘植入性疾病,通过分析胎盘植入性疾病筛查结果,评价产前超声经腹灰阶联合彩色血流超声多参数对胎盘植入性疾病的筛查效能。结果：（1）通过灰阶超声诊断检出胎盘植入的灵敏度为73.42 %,特异度为86.54 %;（2）通过彩色超声诊断检出胎盘植入的灵敏度为76.89%,特异度为89.07 %;（3）经腹灰阶联合彩色血流超声多参数诊断检出胎盘植入的灵敏度为87.79 %,特异度为90.36 %;（4）经腹灰阶检查、经腹彩色超声检查和二者联合检查对胎盘植入性疾病筛查阳性率分别为56.45 %、62.90 %和67.74 %,二者联合检查对产前胎盘植入性疾病筛查阳性率显著高于经腹灰阶检查和经腹彩色超声检查（P<0.05）。（5）二者联合检查的敏感度为72.26 %,特异度为90.54 %,阳性比为95.55 %,诊断比值比为78.89 %。结论：产前经腹灰阶联合彩色血流超声多参数对胎盘植入性疾病的诊断有较高的灵敏度和特异度,值得临床推广应用。     

产前超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形的效果观察

目的探讨产前超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形的效果。方法选择2015年4月~2016年4月在我院行产前检查的孕妇1180例,均采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪进行产前超声检查,并观察产前超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形的临床应用效果。结果本组1180例孕妇中,检出肢体畸形胎儿38例,检测率为3.22%,其中脚缺失胎儿5例(13.16%),手畸形胎儿8例(21.05%),足内翻畸形胎儿6例(15.79%),股骨歪曲胎儿6例(15.79%),上肢畸形胎儿3例(7.89%),桡骨缺损胎儿8例(21.05%),六指畸形胎儿2例(5.26%)。超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形者均行引产手术,引产结果与超声诊断结果相符。结论产前超声检查在胎儿肢体畸形诊断中具有较高检测价值,能够有效检查出胎儿肢体发育情况,对提高人口质量具有重要意义。     

改变胎儿、胎盘相对位置对≤34周母儿的影响

目的:探讨改变胎儿、胎盘相对位置对≤34周母儿的影响。方法:选择2016年1月至2018年12月在我院进行分娩的孕妇300例及其新生儿,根据胎儿胎盘相对位置分为A组、B组与C组。A组脐带、脐带胎儿端、脐带胎盘端位于同一水平面,B组脐带胎儿端低于胎盘端15 cm,C组脐带胎儿端低于胎盘端30 cm,记录和比较各组母儿预后。结果:三组孕妇的第三产程时间对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组新生儿出生后第1 d、2 d与3 d的血清胆红素浓度都显著高于B组与C组(P0.05),预后显著差于B组与C组(P0.05),B组与C组以上指标对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组、B组、C组孕妇产后出血、感染、便秘、静脉血栓等并发症发生率分别为16.0%、5.0%和4.0%,A组显著高于B组与C组(P0.05)。结论:脐带胎儿端低于胎盘端可增加胎盘输血,降低新生儿胆红素水平,改善孕妇与新生儿的预后。     

产前超声在中孕期胎儿严重先天性心脏病筛查中的应用

目的:探究产前超声检查在中孕期胎儿严重先天性心脏病(CHD)筛查中的应用。方法:选择2012年1月至2014年1月在我院妇产科进行产前常规超声检查的孕妇12076例,年龄22-41岁,平均(28.6±8.3)岁,孕周20-36周,平均(25.2±6.7)周。将符合纳入排除标准的孕妇8953例作为研究对象,其中初产妇6023例,经产妇2930例。对纳入研究的孕妇行彩色多普勒超声检查,并对妊娠结局进行追踪,将确诊情况与筛查结果进行比较分析。结果:产前彩色多普勒超声诊断出胎儿CHD38例,经尸检或新生儿彩色多普勒超声检查均确诊为CHD,对胎儿期未筛查出CHD的孕妇进行新生儿彩色多普勒超声检查,确诊4例,产前超声检查胎儿CHD检出率为90.48%(38/42),检出准确率100%(38/38)。结论:彩色多普勒超声筛查孕中期胎儿CHD,灵敏度和特异性高,安全无创伤,操作简便快速,值得推广为产前筛查的首选方法。     

凶险型前置胎盘对孕产妇的危害性研究

目的:探讨凶险型前置胎盘对孕产妇的危害性。方法:选择我院2009年3月至2012年3月收治的凶险性前置胎盘40例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:植入型前置胎盘(植入组)占凶险型前置胎盘的55%(22例),非植入型前置胎盘(非植入组)占45%(18例)。植入组产前出血18例,占81.8%,非植入组产前出血8例,占44.4%,差异有统计学意义。植入组完全性前置胎盘17例,占77.3%;部分性4例,占18.2%;边缘性1例,占4.5%。非植入组分别为5例,占27.8%;1例,占5.6%;12例,占66.7%。两组之间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术前Hb值无明显差异(P>0.05),术后非植入组Hb水平高于植入组,手术时间、术中出血量、产后出血均显著少于植入组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非植入组术中输血、切除子宫、应用宫腔纱条的百分率均显著低于植入组(P<0.05)。两组术中刮宫、徒手剥胎盘的百分率比较均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于凶险型前置胎盘孕产妇,产前应做好预防保健,术中加强观察,术中术后放置腹腔引流管,最大限度的降低对孕产妇的危害,确保母婴安全。     

Nestin is highly expressed in foetal spinal cord isolated from placenta previa patients and promotes inflammation by enhancing NF-κB activity

Purpose: Nestin is expressed in various tissues of the embryo in patients with placenta previa, while the regulatory mechanism still unknown.

Materials and methods: All participants terminated pregnancy. Among them, 75 patients with placenta previa were assigned to the case group and 80 healthy pregnant women with normal placenta were assigned to the control group. Expression of nestin and CDK5 in foetal spinal cord tissues was detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time RT-PCR methods. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines in placenta previa patients. The interaction between nestin and CDK5 was evaluated by immunoprecipitation and siRNA inhibition of nestin was performed to estimate its effect on NF-κB activity in foetal spinal cord tissues.

Results: Along with increased expression of nestin and CDK5 in foetal spinal cord tissues in the case group, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ were increased in the serum of placenta previa patients. siRNA inhibition analysis indicated that nestin interacted with CDK5 and regulated NF-κB activity in foetal spinal cord tissues.

Conclusions: Nestin is highly expressed and the interaction between nestin and CDK5 might lead to the progress of placenta previa through its regulation on NF-κB.     

双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡的临床分析

目的:探讨双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡的原因及处理方法。方法:对本院2013年1月～2017年6月住院分娩的双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡的病例进行回顾性分析。结果:双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡28例,占同期双胎分娩的1.63%,占同期双胎胎盘送检的4.33%。6例孕28周,14例孕28～34周,8例孕周34周。全部孕产妇均无出血倾向或发生凝血功能障碍。产妇年龄23～45周岁,平均31.3周岁;初产妇23人,经产妇5人。应用辅助生殖技术受孕5例,自然受孕23例;剖宫产7例,顺产21例;确诊一胎儿死亡时间为孕12周余～34周余。主要致死原因为脐带因素13例次(46.43%),胎盘因素12例次(42.86%),双胎输血综合征及纸样胎共5例次(17.86%),胎儿畸形4例次(18.18%)。结论:孕中晚期双胎之一胎儿宫内死亡妊娠不足34周,应在密切监护母胎情况下行期待治疗,单绒毛膜囊双胎34周后可以分娩,双绒毛膜囊双胎可妊娠至36周。     

Molecular evidence suggesting the persistence of residual SARS‐CoV‐2 and immune responses in the placentas of pregnant patients recovered from COVID‐19

ObjectivesRecent studies have shown the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the tissues of clinically recovered patients and persistent immune symptoms in discharged patients for up to several months. Pregnant patients were shown to be a high‐risk group for COVID‐19. Based on these findings, we assessed SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid and protein retention in the placentas of pregnant women who had fully recovered from COVID‐19 and cytokine fluctuations in maternal and foetal tissues.Materials and MethodsRemnant SARS‐CoV‐2 in the term placenta was detected using nucleic acid amplification and immunohistochemical staining of the SARS‐CoV‐2 protein. The infiltration of CD14+ macrophages into the placental villi was detected by immunostaining. The cytokines in the placenta, maternal plasma, neonatal umbilical cord, cord blood and amniotic fluid specimens at delivery were profiled using the Luminex assay.ResultsResidual SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid and protein were detected in the term placentas of recovered pregnant women. The infiltration of CD14+ macrophages into the placental villi of the recovered pregnant women was higher than that in the controls. Furthermore, the cytokine levels in the placenta, maternal plasma, neonatal umbilical cord, cord blood and amniotic fluid specimens fluctuated significantly.ConclusionsOur study showed that SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid (in one patient) and protein (in five patients) were present in the placentas of clinically recovered pregnant patients for more than 3 months after diagnosis. The immune responses induced by the virus may lead to prolonged and persistent symptoms in the maternal plasma, placenta, umbilical cord, cord blood and amniotic fluid.     

Current Perspectives on Umbilical Cord Abnormalities Including Blood Flow Parameters Based on Ultrasound Observations

The umbilical cord is a vital structure between the fetus and placenta for the growth and well-being of the fetus. Although the umbilical cord may be the only organ that dies at the beginning of life, it is one of the most important parts of the feta-placental unit and plays a role in determining how life begins. In general, the prenatal examination of the umbilical cord is limited to the observation of the number of vessels and the evaluation of umbilical artery blood flow parameters. Pathologists have done more research on the morphological characteristics of the umbilical cord and linked them to perinatal outcomes. The introduction of advanced imaging technology makes it possible to study the characteristics of fetal umbilical cord from early to late gestation. Many studies have shown that the changes of umbilical cord structure may be related to pathological conditions, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction. Prenatal morphometric umbilical cord characteristics and arterial blood flow parameters in normal and pathologic conditions are discussed in this review.     

ANH自体输血在完全性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入剖宫产术中的应用

目的:研究急性等容血液稀释(ANH)自体输血在完全性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入剖宫产术中的应用价值。方法:选择2012年1月~2015年12月在我院进行诊治的完全性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入患者80例,随机分为三组,对照组(n=26)进行常规处理,ANH组(n=27)进行急性等容血液稀释,AHH(急性高容血液稀释)组(n=27)进行急性高容血液稀释。比较三组产妇的体重、年龄、手术时间、术中出血量、输注异体血例数,ANH组和AHH组血液稀释前后和三组产妇术后的动脉血气分析值、术后2 h血常规,三组新生儿娩出后1min、5min Apgar评分及脐动脉血血气分析值。结果:血液稀释后,两组的血红蛋白、红细胞比容和碱剩余均较血液稀释前明显降低(P0.05),两组血气分析无明显差异(P0.05);ANH组输注异体血的比例明显低于AHH组和对照组(P0.05),剖宫产术后2h,ANH组的血红蛋白、红细胞比容和血小板均明显高于AHH组和对照组(P0.05);三组新生儿的血红蛋白、红细胞比容、碱剩余、血乳酸和Apgar评分均无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:ANH自体输血能减少异体血的输注和产妇剖宫术中红细胞的丢失,节约临床用血,对产妇和新生儿的影响较小。     

腹动脉球囊置入联合宫颈提拉缝合治疗凶险性前置胎盘产后大出血临床效果

摘要 目的：探讨腹动脉球囊置入联合宫颈提拉缝合治疗凶险性前置胎盘产后大出血的临床效果。方法：选取我院2019年1月到2021年12月收治的178例凶险性前置胎盘患者作为研究对象,所有患者均采取剖宫产手术,且术后出现产后大出血现象,将所有患者依照术中胎盘位置及植入情况治疗方式分为观察组（n=73）与对照组（n=105）。其中对照组产妇采取腹动脉球囊置入联合宫腔纱条填塞术,观察组采取腹动脉球囊置入联合宫颈提拉缝合治疗,对比两组产妇的剖宫产时间、术后24 h失血量、术中失血量以及总手术时间,相关临床指标,产后泌乳时间和产后1 d、2 d的泌乳量评分以及住院时间,并发症发生情况。结果：两组产妇剖宫产时间、球囊预置术时间对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,观察组产妇术后24 h失血量、术中失血量、总手术时间明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。手术前两组产妇凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血活酶时间（APTT）、血小板（PLT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、D-二聚体（D-Dimer）无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组产妇PT均升高,观察组高于对照组,PLT、NO、NOS均降低,观察组低于对照组;对照组APTT、FIB无明显变化,但观察组APTT高于对照组,FIB低于对照组;观察组D-Dimer无明显变化,但对照组升高（P＜0.05）。观察组产妇的产后1、2 d泌乳量评分明显高于对照组,泌乳时间、术后住院时间明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组产妇术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：对凶险性前置胎盘产后大出血患者采取腹动脉球囊置入联合宫颈提拉缝合治疗能够进一步减轻患者术后出血量,且改善患者凝血因子、一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体水平,提升泌乳量,减少术后并发症发生率,值得临床应用推广。     

腹主动脉球囊置入术治疗凶险性前置胎盘疗效和对血清AFP、CK表达以及手术结局的影响

摘要 目的：探讨与分析腹主动脉球囊置入术治疗凶险性前置胎盘疗效和对血清AFP、CK表达以及手术结局的影响。方法：将2019年1月到2021年12月在本院住院剖宫产的凶险性前置胎盘产妇153例作为研究对象,对照组48例为剖宫产术,研究组105例为剖宫产术前行腹主动脉球囊置入术。检测两组血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）、肌酸激酶（CK）表达水平,记录手术结局。结果：所有产妇都顺利完成治疗与分娩,无死亡产妇与新生儿。研究组的产后出血量较对照组低（P<0.05）,而产前出血量在两组对比无差异（P>0.05）。两组新生儿体重对比无差异（P>0.05）,研究组的1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分较对照组高,而呼吸窘迫综合征发生率较对照组低（P<0.05）。两组手术后3 d的血清AFP与CK含量明显低于术前,研究组也显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组出院时的满意度为94.29 %,明显高于对照组的79.17 %（P<0.05）。结论：腹主动脉球囊置入术治疗凶险性前置胎盘能促进降低血清AFP与CK含量,能促进产妇与新生儿恢复健康,提高产妇的满意度。     

Maternal Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Lengthening of the Umbilical Cord: Indirect Evidence of Increased Foetal Activity—A Retrospective Cohort Study

BackgroundAntenatal depression affects up to 19% of pregnant women. Some of these women are also in need of antidepressant treatment. Nevertheless, the impact of maternal antidepressant treatment and prenatal depression on the course of pregnancy, foetal development and delivery outcomes is not fully understood.MethodsWe analysed data from 24 818 women who gave birth at Kuopio University Hospital between 2002–2012. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations between the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy and the progression of pregnancy, development of the foetus and delivery outcomes.ResultsAltogether, 369 (1.5%) women used SSRIs. A regression model adjusted for age, overweight, nulliparity, prior termination, miscarriages, smoking, maternal alcohol consumption, chronic illness and polyhydramnion showed that pregnant women exposed to SSRI medication had significantly lower Apgar scores at 1 minute (p < 0.0001) and 5 minutes (p < 0.0001) and more admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit (p < 0.0001) than unexposed pregnant women. In addition, exposed newborns had longer umbilical cords (p < 0.0001) than non-exposed newborns.ConclusionIn addition to the previously known associates with maternal SSRI exposure, such as lowered Apgar scores, SSRI exposure appeared to be associated with increased umbilical cord length. The observation related to increased umbilical cord length may be explained by an SSRI-induced increase in the movements of the developing foetus.