中国伏革菌科二新记录种

INTRODUCTION Changbaishan Nature Reserve is one of the most important forest reserves in China and it is very rich in wood-rotting fungi （Dai, 1997, 2000, 2003; Dai et al., 2003）. Nearly 100 species of the Corticiaceae sensu lato were reported from the reserve by Hjortstam ＆ Ryvarden （1988）, but the corticioid fungi in the reserve are still not well known. A field trip was made in 2005, and two species,     

Two species in Hymenochaetaceae （Basidiomycota） new to China

1 INTRODUCTION Wood-inhabiting fungi from northern China were investigated extensively during last ten years, and the species in the area are relatively well known （Dai 2000; Dai et al. 2006, 2007; Wei et al. 2005; Yuan et al. 2006）. However, they are scantily reported in tropical forests of China （Dai et al. 2001, 2002, 2004）. By the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, two field investigations were made in Jianfengling and Bawangling Nature Reserve of Hainan Province in 2006.     

Two polypores from Yunnan new to China

1 INTRODUCTION Wood-rotting fungi have been intensively studied in China （Dai ＆ Niemela 2002; Dai et al. 2003, 2004a, 2004b; Dai ＆ Penttil/i 2006）, and some new species and new records were found from tropical and subtropical forests in southern part of the Country （Cui et al. 2006b; Cui et al. 2007; Dai 2004; Dai ＆ Cui 2005; Dai ＆ Yuan 2005; Yuan et al. 2004）. Some species are new forest pathogens （Cui et al. 2006a; Dai et al. 2001, 2002, 2004）.     

中国傣族、景颇族人群中与艾滋病相关的CCR5△32、CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3′A等位基因多态性分布

为了调查HIV-1感染相关的等位基因CCR5△32、CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3′A在我国云南省德宏州傣族景颇族人群中的频率和多态性分布,此课题以101例傣族和113例景颇族人群为研究对象,应用PCR、PCR-RFLP(聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性)分析方法进行检测,计算突变基因频率;并对其群体分布、性别分布进行统计学分析。结果表明,中国傣族景颇族人群中未发现CCR5△32等位基因突变;傣族CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3′A基因突变频率分别为0.2130和0.2030,景颇族CCR2b-64I和SDF1-3′A基因突变频率分别为0.1637和0.1770;与中国汉族人群相比较,傣族和景颇族中SDF1-3′A突变频率较低（P值分别为0.0322和0.0021）;两个民族的CCR2b-64I和SDF1-3′A等位基因群体分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,在性别之间分布无显著差异。中国傣族景颇族人群的CCR2b-64I等位基因的突变频率与汉族人相似,SDF1-3′A等位基因的突变频率比汉族人低,此两种突变基因在艾滋病发病过程中的影响值得进一步研究。由于未发现CCR5△32基因突变,中国傣族景颇族人群对HIV-1感染可能有较大的遗传易感性。 Abstract:The purpose of the work is to investigate the frequencies and polymorphisms of HIV-1 resistant CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles in Chinese Dai and Chingpaw populations.Whole blood samples from 101 Dai subjects and 113 Chingpaw were collected randomly and their genomic DNA were extracted with QIAgen Blood Kits.Allelic frequencies were identified by PCR-RFLP analysis.Allelic polymorphisms in Dai population or Chingpaw population and both sexes in the samples were analyzed by χ2 test.The frequencies of CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles in Dai population were 0.0000,0.2130,0.2030,respectively;The frequencies of CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles in Chingpaw population were 0.000,0.1637,0.1770,respectively.Distributions of the CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles among the both populations were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.No statistical difference was found in the allelic frequencies of both CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3′A between male and female individuals.The frequencies of CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I alleles in Chinese Dai and Chingpaw populations are similar to that in Chinese Han population,while the frequency of SDF1-3′A allele in Chinese Dai and Chingpaw populations are lower in contrast to that in Chinese Han population.The genotyping and polymorphism of CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles in Chinese Dai and Chingpaw populations of Yunnan Province are the first time studied in China.The significance of the three mutant alleles conferring genetic resistance to HIV-1 and AIDS progression remains to be clarified.     

中国傣族、景颇族人群中与艾滋病相关的CCR5△32、CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3′A等位基因多态性分布

为了调查HIV-1感染相关的等位基因CCR5△32、CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3′A在我国云南省德宏州傣族景颇族人群中的频率和多态性分布,此课题以101例傣族和113例景颇族人群为研究对象,应用PCR、PCR-RFLP(聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性)分析方法进行检测,计算突变基因频率;并对其群体分布、性别分布进行统计学分析。结果表明,中国傣族景颇族人群中未发现CCR5△32等位基因突变;傣族CCR2b-64I、SDF1-3′A基因突变频率分别为0.2130和0.2030,景颇族CCR2b-64I和SDF1-3′A基因突变频率分别为0.1637和0.1770;与中国汉族人群相比较,傣族和景颇族中SDF1-3′A突变频率较低（P值分别为0.0322和0.0021）;两个民族的CCR2b-64I和SDF1-3′A等位基因群体分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,在性别之间分布无显著差异。中国傣族景颇族人群的CCR2b-64I等位基因的突变频率与汉族人相似,SDF1-3′A等位基因的突变频率比汉族人低,此两种突变基因在艾滋病发病过程中的影响值得进一步研究。由于未发现CCR5△32基因突变,中国傣族景颇族人群对HIV-1感染可能有较大的遗传易感性。 Abstract:The purpose of the work is to investigate the frequencies and polymorphisms of HIV-1 resistant CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles in Chinese Dai and Chingpaw populations.Whole blood samples from 101 Dai subjects and 113 Chingpaw were collected randomly and their genomic DNA were extracted with QIAgen Blood Kits.Allelic frequencies were identified by PCR-RFLP analysis.Allelic polymorphisms in Dai population or Chingpaw population and both sexes in the samples were analyzed by χ2 test.The frequencies of CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles in Dai population were 0.0000,0.2130,0.2030,respectively;The frequencies of CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles in Chingpaw population were 0.000,0.1637,0.1770,respectively.Distributions of the CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles among the both populations were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.No statistical difference was found in the allelic frequencies of both CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3′A between male and female individuals.The frequencies of CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I alleles in Chinese Dai and Chingpaw populations are similar to that in Chinese Han population,while the frequency of SDF1-3′A allele in Chinese Dai and Chingpaw populations are lower in contrast to that in Chinese Han population.The genotyping and polymorphism of CCR5delta32,CCR2b-64I,SDF1-3′A alleles in Chinese Dai and Chingpaw populations of Yunnan Province are the first time studied in China.The significance of the three mutant alleles conferring genetic resistance to HIV-1 and AIDS progression remains to be clarified.     

Generation and interaction of intense counterpropagating plasma flows

Results are presented from experimental studies of the parameters of two counterpropagating (colliding) plasma flows generated by discharges in crossed electric and magnetic fields. It is shown that the conversion efficiency of the energy deposited in the discharges into the energy of directed plasma flows is 0.3–0.6. For discharge current pulses with a duration of ∼10 μs, the energy flux density in the plasma flow reaches ∼10 J/cm² and the total energy of the flow is on the order of 300 J. The density of deuterons in the flows is ∼10¹⁵ cm⁻³, and the flow velocity is ≤2×10⁷ cm/s. The total number of particles carried by the flows is about 10¹⁹. The possibility of using counterpropagating plasma flows to study reactions involving light nuclei (dd, pd, dt, and dHe reactions) in the range of ultralow collision energies is discussed. __________ Translated from Fizika Plazmy, Vol. 29, No. 8, 2003, pp. 714–721. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2003 by Dudkin, Nechaev, Padalko, Bystritsky, Stolupin, Bystritskii, Voznyak.     

Commentary Remarks on “HIV/AIDS in China”

The global AIDS epidemic continues to spread in the world. HIV in Factor VIII infected the first Chinese in 1983, while the first AIDS patient was reported in 1985 in China. By the end of 2003, the cumulative estimated number of HIV/ AIDS cases is 840,000. At the end of September 2005, the cumulative number of reported HIV/AIDS is 135,630. These reports indicate that the HIV/AIDS epidemic is spreading in the general population and that the proportion of female HIV case has inc…     

Commentary remarks on “HIV/AIDS in China“

The global AIDS epidemic continues to spread in the world. HIV in Factor Ⅷ infected the first Chinese in 1983,while the first AIDS patient was reported in 1985 in China. By the end of 2003, the cumulative estimated number of citizens living with HIV/AIDS is 840,000. At the end of September 2005, the cumulative number of reported HIV/AIDS cases is 135,630. These reports indicate that the HIV/AIDS epidemic is spreading in the general population and that the proportion of female HIV case has increased considerably in recent years. It is predicted that there will be about 10millions HIV/AIDS cases in China by the year 2010 if the appropriate and sufficient action against the AIDS epidemic is not taken.……     

采自云南热带雨林的中国多孔菌两新记录种

<正>1 INTRODUCTION Wood-rotting fungi have been intensively studied in China (Dai & Niemel? 2002; Dai et al. 2003, 2004a, 2004b; Dai & Penttil? 2006), and some new species and new records were found from     

中国锈革孔菌科二新记录种

<正>1 INTRODUCTION Wood-inhabiting fungi from northern China were investigated extensively during last ten years, and the species in the area are relatively well known (Dai 2000; Dai et al. 2006, 2007; Wei et al. 2005;     

长白山森林生态系统中的稀有和濒危多孔菌

1　引　　言近一个世纪以来 ,由于天然林遭到大量砍伐和破坏 ,生态环境恶化 ,生物物种正以惊人的速度从地球上消失 ,因此保护生物学的重要性被越来越多的人所认识 .过去 2 0年间 ,很多国家或地区发表了有关濒危物种报告 ,但多数为动物和植物方面 .关于菌类物种濒危性的研究 ,只有少数对菌物研究深入的国家有所报道 ,如芬兰有 6 0种多孔菌被列为濒危种[11] ,瑞典有 10 6种大型菌类被列为濒危种[6] ,英国有 399种大型菌类被列为保护名单[10 ] ,荷兰有 182种大型菌类正面临绝迹的威胁[1] 等 .这主要是因为对菌类的研究远比动物和植物落后 .就全…     

三种进境林木检疫性有害真菌名称的更正

2007年中华人民共和国农业部公布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物》中包括了3种木材腐朽病原真菌,即松干基褐腐病菌Inonotus weirii (Murrill) Kotlaba et Pouzar、木层孔褐根腐病菌Phellinus noxius (Corner) G.H. Cunn.和橡胶白根病菌Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imaz.。基于国内外最新分子系统学研究,上述3种名称均发生了较大变化,为了适应进境林木检疫的需要及为今后植物检疫性有害生物名录的更新做好技术储备,我们对这3种重要的对外检疫性林木病原菌的名称说明和更改如下：松干基褐腐病菌Inonotus weirii (Murrill) Kotlaba et Pouzar的拉丁学名应改为Coniferiporia weirii (Murrill) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai,相应的汉语学名也应改为韦氏松柏卧孔菌;木层孔褐根腐病菌Phellinus noxius (Corner) G.H. Cunn.的拉丁学名应改为Pyrrhoderma noxium (Corner) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai,相应的汉语学名也应改为有害红皮孔菌;橡胶白根病菌Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imaz.是小孔硬孔菌Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem的同物异名,因此其名称应叫做小孔硬孔菌Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem。另外,有害红皮孔菌 Pyrrhoderma noxium和小孔硬孔菌Rigidoporus microporus已经在我国广泛分布,因此今后在修订进境植物检疫性有害生物名录时对有关有害生物种类进行增删应予以考虑。     

云南化佛山自然保护区大型真菌多样性及分布特征分析

对云南化佛山自然保护区大型真菌的种类组成和生态分布特征进行了详细的调查和分析.调查结果表明:该保护区内共有233种(含亚种、变种和变型)大型真菌,隶属于子囊菌门和担子菌门16目48科94属,其中,红菇科(Russulaceae)、小菇科(Mycenaceae)、丝膜菌科(Cortinariaceae)、多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)、牛肝菌科(Boletaceae)、陀螺菌科(Gomphaceae)和鹅膏科(Amanitaceae)7个优势科的种数较多,分别含37、22、18、17、16、11和10种.具有重要经济价值的大型真菌中包括药用菌59种、食用菌97种和毒菌35种;根据生态类型划分,有虫生菌1种、木生菌52种、土生菌39种、外生菌根菌141种.该保护区大型真菌的分布与温湿度、林下光照及林龄等生态环境因子的变化有关,具体表现在不同月份、郁闭度和林型条件下,大型真菌的种类组成和数量、优势类群都出现不同的分布特点.6月份木生菌的种数和个体数最多,8月份和9月份外生菌根菌的种数和个体数最多.在郁闭度60％～70％条件下,以多孔菌科和小菇科种类为主;在郁闭度70％～80％的条件下,以红菇科、丝膜菌科和多孔菌科种类为主;在郁闭度80％～90％条件下,以红菇科、丝膜菌科和牛肝菌科种类为主.在中龄林中大型真菌的种数多于幼龄林,其中,红菇科、丝膜菌科、牛肝菌科和陀螺菌科种类在幼龄林和中龄林中均有分布;鹅膏科种类只分布在中龄林中.根据调查结果,对该保护区大型真菌的保护提出了一些建议.     

北京松山自然保护区大型真菌调查初报

松山自然保护区是北京市的国家级保护区,具有暖温带北段典型的自然景观,保护对象为天然油松林和落叶阔叶林森林生态系统。此次报道了松山自然保护区部分地区大型真菌的初步调查结果,采用目前国内外普遍使用的Ainsworth(1973)的分类系统进行分类。采集到的这些大型真菌隶属于2个亚门,4目,16科,31种,其中食用、药用菌23种,木腐菌7种,外生菌根菌7种,有毒真菌6种。松山自然保护区内有丰富的物种多样性,动植物资源比较丰富,有益的食用菌、药用菌及菌根真菌种类相对较多,菌物资源的开发与利用潜力较大。     

湛江沿海潮间带产胞外纤溶活性酶类海洋真菌的生物多样性分析

【目的】研究湛江沿海硇洲岛和徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区潮间带产胞外纤溶酶样酶和纤溶酶原激活物海洋真菌的生物多样性,为发掘新型溶栓药物奠定基础。【方法】采用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)和酵母膏蛋白胨葡萄糖(YPD)培养基分离培养海洋真菌,采用真菌r DNA转录间隔区1-5.8S r DNA-转录间隔区2(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)片段的序列分析及其系统进化树构建的方法鉴定分离培养的海洋真菌,采用脱脂牛奶马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(SM-PDA)培养基培养法筛选产胞外蛋白酶的海洋真菌,采用海水纤维蛋白马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(FN-PDA)培养基培养法筛选产胞外纤溶酶样酶和/或纤溶酶原激活物的海洋真菌。【结果】从湛江沿海的硇洲岛和徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区潮间带分离、培养和鉴定了海洋真菌446株,含真菌的98个种,分布于真菌域子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的6个纲、18个目、46个科、65个属;其中产胞外蛋白酶的海洋真菌有265株,61个种,分布于41个属;产胞外纤溶酶样酶的海洋真菌有67株,22个种,分布于14个属;产胞外纤溶酶原激活物的海洋真菌有84株,23种,分布于13个属;优势属为曲霉属(Aspergillus),其次为青霉属(Penicillium)。【结论】湛江沿海潮间带可分离培养的产胞外纤溶酶样酶和纤溶酶原激活物的海洋真菌物种丰富多样,是发掘新型溶栓药的丰富资源。     

傣药植物内生真菌的抑菌活性评价及发酵条件探索

从云南傣药植物中分离到180株内生真菌,选用9种培养基进行发酵。利用茄腐镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌、玉米小斑病、稻梨孢菌等5种植物病原菌作为指示菌株,结合TLC检测对其发酵粗提物进行活性评价和化学多样性分析,以期寻找到具有开发潜力的活性菌株。研究结果表明活性菌株为36株,其中有7株菌活性好且产物多样性丰富。