基于线粒体基因组数据的扁甲系总科间系统发育关系分析

扁甲系是鞘翅目多食亚目中最大的一个类群,具有重要的经济意义.尽管扁甲系昆虫的单系性得到广泛支持,但7个总科间的系统进化关系仍存在不确定性.为此,本研究测定了锈赤扁谷盗和锯谷盗的线粒体基因组,并联合已测的67个扁甲系昆虫线粒体基因组,构建了扁甲系昆虫总科间的系统发育关系,并采用似然值检验对不同的树拓扑结构进行了评价.结果表明,锈赤扁谷盗全线粒体基因组的大小为15497 bp,编码13个蛋白质编码基因、22个转运RNA基因和2个核糖体RNA基因.锯谷盗接近全长的线粒体基因长为13588 bp,编码34个基因,缺少trnI, trnQ和trnM等3个转运RNA基因.锈赤扁谷盗和锯谷盗线粒体基因的基因含量、基因排序、碱基组成、密码子使用等特征,与大多数已测鞘翅目昆虫的线粒体基因组高度相似.基于3个线粒体基因数据集及3种树构建方法的系统发育分析结果表明,瓢虫总科、叶甲总科、象甲总科、拟步甲总科和郭公虫总科等5个类群均为单系性,而扁甲总科始终为并系.树拓扑结构检验结果表明,扁甲系总科间的系统发育关系为((郭公虫总科+瓢虫总科)+(拟步甲总科+(扁甲总科(叶甲总科+象甲总科)))).尽管线粒体数据集的构成及系统发育分析方法对树拓扑结构具有重要影响,但线粒体基因组数据在扁甲系昆虫系统与进化研究方面具有重要应用价值.     

广州海珠湿地鞘翅目中国新记录属种记述

为了摸清粤港澳大湾区的昆虫多样性的现状，自2020年以来对大湾区各地多个森林公园、湿地公园以及保护区进行布点监测。在整理2021年与2022年采集自广州海珠国家湿地公园的马氏网鞘翅目标本的过程中，本研究发现了7个中国新记录种，分别为拳甲科的Acalyptomerus asiaticus Lawrence, 1979、谷盗科的Ancyrona haroldi Reitter, 1877、拟花萤科的Dromanthomorphus mirabilis (Pic, 1907)、出尾扁甲科的Europs sp.、锯谷盗科的Silvanopsis raffrayi Grouvelle, 1892、穴甲科的Triboderus sp.和窄须伪瓢虫科的Bystodes flavoapicalis Sasaji, 1990，其中Acalyptomerus、Dromanthomorphus、Europs和Triboderus为新记录属。     

两种防护剂和磷化氢联用对储粮书虱和 锈赤扁谷盗的实仓防治效果

储粮书虱Liposcelis spp.和锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens)由于对磷化氢具有较高的抗性而成为目前粮食储藏过程最难防治的两类害虫,研究储粮防护剂和磷化氢联用对储粮书虱和锈赤扁谷盗的防治效果,对于缓解其对磷化氢的抗性以及其在实仓中综合防治具有重要的经济意义。本文用55%甲基嘧啶磷乳油和2%溴氰·甲嘧磷粉剂分别和磷化氢联用对广东、广西、安徽和河南4个不同气候条件的粮库中的书虱和锈赤扁谷盗进行防治效果的研究。结果表明,在磷化氢熏蒸粮食之前用55%甲基嘧啶磷乳油或2%溴氰·甲嘧磷粉剂处理粮面表层的粮食,在4个粮库的试验粮仓内书虱和锈赤扁谷盗的防治效果有显著差异:在北方干燥少雨的河南汤阴库防治效果最好,可达100%,其次是安徽舒城库、广西柳州库,防治效果分别为71.8%和71.9%。效果最差的是高温高湿的是广东湛江库,防治效果为50.4%。用55%甲基嘧啶磷乳油或2%溴氰·甲嘧磷粉剂和磷化氢联用对书虱和锈赤扁谷盗具有很好的防治效果,说明储粮防护剂和磷化氢联用对于储粮书虱和锈赤扁谷盗具有更好的防治效果。     

种间竞争对四种储粮害虫种群动态的影响

在30 ℃、75 %相对湿度条件下研究种间竞争对玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha domini-ca)、赤拟谷盗(Triboliumcastaneum)和锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestes ferrugineus)4种主要储粮害虫种群动态的影响,并对种群动态进行回归分析。结果表明,玉米象与谷蠹、赤拟谷盗与锈赤扁谷盗混合饲养种群增长均受到显著抑制,玉米象和谷蠹对赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的种群增长具有明显的促进作用,赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗对玉米象和谷蠹的种群增长具有一定的抑制作用。回归分析结果表明玉米象种群最大增长潜能最大,锈赤扁谷盗最小,种群增长率变化规律不明显。     

中生代鞘翅目扁甲总科化石的研究进展

扁甲总科隶属于鞘翅目多食亚目扁甲系,目前包含25个现生科和3个化石科,其中10个科仅分布于南半球,特别是澳大利亚、新西兰和南美。当前的分子系统发育学研究显示扁甲总科的起源时间为晚三叠世至早侏罗世,而冈瓦纳古陆与劳亚古陆的分离也发生在早侏罗世约1.8亿年前。因此对中生代扁甲总科化石的研究是解释扁甲总科如今分布格局的重要基础,也有助于研究扁甲总科的演化历史。本文简要回顾了现生扁甲总科的研究历史,并对其中生代的化石研究进行了概述,迄今在中生代地层发现有12科54种扁甲总科化石。     

定虫隆对锈赤扁谷盗生长发育影响及其作用机理初探

定虫隆是一种昆虫生长调节抑制剂,研究其对锈赤扁谷盗的控制作用,将为锈赤扁谷盗的综合防治提供理论基础。本研究以锈赤扁谷盗幼虫为研究对象,用定虫隆拌粮进行饲喂,观察定虫隆对锈赤扁谷盗的亚致死效应,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术,测定经定虫隆处理后锈赤扁谷盗幼虫几丁质合成酶1(CfCHS1)和几丁质合成酶2(CfCHS2)基因表达量的变化。结果表明:定虫隆对锈赤扁谷盗的毒力回归方程为y=7.514+1.81x(r=0.974),LD 10、LD 20、LD 30分别为0.008 mg/kg、0.014 mg/kg、0.021 mg/kg,亚致死剂量定虫隆可使锈赤扁谷盗幼虫发育历期明显延长(P<0.05),体重和几丁质含量明显降低(P<0.05),这说明了定虫隆对锈赤扁谷盗的生长发育有明显的抑制作用,可以有效控制锈赤扁谷盗的为害。qPCR结果显示,与对照组相比,LD 30处理后的锈赤扁谷盗幼虫的CfCHS 1基因表达量提高了74.7%,CfCHS 2基因的表达量提高了27.4%,均差异显著(P<0.05)。CfCHS 1和CfCHS2基因表达量的上调,可能是几丁质合成酶受到了抑制,锈赤扁谷盗为了维持机体的稳定,提高几丁质合成酶基因的表达量,从而形成一种代偿性增加的反馈机制,由此推测定虫隆可能作用于几丁质合成酶。     

种间竞争对四种储粮害虫种群动态的影响

在30 ℃、75%相对湿度条件下研究种间竞争对玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)、赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum)和锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestes ferrugineus)4种主要储粮害虫种群动态的影响，并对种群动态进行回归分析。结果表明，玉米象与谷蠹、赤拟谷盗与锈赤扁谷盗混合饲养种群增长均受到显著抑制，玉米象和谷蠹对赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的种群增长具有明显的促进作用，赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗对玉米象和谷蠹的种群增长具有一定的抑制作用。回归分析结果表明玉米象种群最大增长潜能最大，锈赤扁谷盗最小，种群增长率变化规律不明显。     

植物精油对土耳其扁谷盗的驱避和熏蒸活性研究

本文研究了34种植物精油对土耳其扁谷盗成虫的驱避和熏蒸毒杀活性。结果表明,肉桂精油对土耳其扁谷盗成虫具有良好的驱避活性,24-48 h内,75%的个体选择了未添加植物精油的小麦;72 h后选择对照组的土耳其扁谷盗成虫降至63.33%,但仍有显著的驱避活性。孜然、松油和黑胡椒精油则对土耳其扁谷盗成虫表现出良好的引诱活性。在34种供试植物精油中,大蒜和芥末精油对土耳其扁谷盗成虫表现出强烈的熏蒸毒杀作用。当植物精油体积分浓度为10μL/L时,这两种植物精油在48 h内对供试害虫的校正死亡率保持在98%以上。进一步的毒力测试结果表明,在24 h、48 h及72 h处理时间下,大蒜精油对土耳其扁谷盗成虫的LC_(50)值分别为0.61、0.59及0.49μL/L,而芥末精油在相同处理时间条件下的LC_(50)值分别为4.35、4.28及4.16μL/L,大蒜精油对土耳其扁谷盗具有更强的熏蒸毒杀活性。     

我国储藏品中三种扁谷盗的鉴别

<正> 扁谷盗属Cryptolestes Ganglb.包括了几种重要的储藏品害虫,其中的三个种锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugieus(Stephens)、长角扁谷盗C.pusillus Schonherr和土耳其扁谷盗C.turci-cus(Grouville)在我国已有可靠的记录,在塘沽口岸进口粮中也时常截获。 我国出版的几部关于仓库害虫的著作中,这三个种的分类地位及名称不统一。陈耀溪(1963)在《仓库害虫》(修订本)一书中将这三个种均置于Laemophloeus属中,并称Laemophloeusferrugineus(Stephens)为小赤扁谷盗;L.turci-     

锈赤扁谷盗成虫趋光行为研究

【目的】研究灯光诱捕技术防治锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens)的可行性。【方法】在实验室条件下测定了锈赤扁谷盗成虫对不同光源的趋光反应。【结果】锈赤扁谷盗成虫对实验所选取的光源都有一定的趋性。在可见光中,对主波长为575 nm的光源的趋性最强,对430、495、620、530和450 nm光源的趋性依次降低。在紫外光中,对主波长为385 nm的光源的趋性显著高于对主波长为365、375和395 nm的光源;1~10日龄的锈赤扁谷盗成虫,随日龄的增加,成虫趋光性先增强后有所减弱;雌虫的趋光性高于雄虫,且交配状态会影响雌虫和雄虫的趋光性。交配会抑制雄虫的趋光性,但是交配后的雌虫的趋光性增强;短期饥饿处理和灯光经历对害虫趋光性无显著影响。【结论】锈赤扁谷盗成虫对光波长的选择偏好性证实了其灯光诱捕技术的可行性。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various