京津冀区域市政污水厂活性污泥种群结构的多样性及差异

【背景】活性污泥中微生物的种群结构影响着污水生物处理的高效性及稳定性,是有效保证污水处理效果的关键。【目的】研究活性污泥中细菌的群落结构组成及多样性,并分析相应菌群的主要功能,旨在更好地发挥细菌的净化作用、保持污水处理过程的稳定及提高污水的处理效率。【方法】以京津冀区域内典型市政污水厂活性污泥为研究对象,通过IlluminaMiSeq高通量测序及实时定量PCR技术,对5个污水厂活性污泥的微生物种群结构特征进行了详细解析,研究不同工艺参数下活性污泥中优势种群及脱氮菌群丰度的差异。【结果】5个污水厂活性污泥种群结构具有一定差异,其中Hengshui (HS)厂污泥的群落结构受温度的影响最大,而Shahe (SH)、Daoxianghu (DXH)、Nangong(NG)厂活性污泥群落结构则受总氮、总磷与氨氮的共同影响,氨氮对SH厂活性污泥种群结构影响最大。DXH、NG和HS厂污泥中优势菌均为Anaerolineaceae,而SH和Hejian (HJ)厂的优势菌则为Saprospiraceae与Lactobacillus。活性污泥中反硝化菌丰度最高的为HJ厂,丰度最低的为HS厂,反硝化功能基因nirS比nirK分布更为广泛。【结论】对于不同污水厂,影响其活性污泥群落结构组成的环境因素也是不同的,并且特殊的进水水质也会对污泥菌群组成和生物多样性产生影响。     

中高温污泥厌氧消化系统中微生物群落比较

【目的】结合中温与高温消化两者优势的两相厌氧消化工艺可能是推进污泥厌氧消化发展的重要方向,因此,探究和比较中温和高温污泥厌氧消化系统中微生物群落组成的异同具有重要意义。【方法】利用高通量测序技术检测中温和高温厌氧消化系统中细菌与古菌的16S r RNA基因序列信息和真菌的内转录间隔(ITS)序列信息,利用基因芯片(Geo Chip 5.0)检测病毒和病原菌致病基因的信息,以对比中温和高温条件下微生物群落在物种组成和功能基因层面上的异同。【结果】中温和高温条件下细菌和古菌在群落物种组成上存在显著差异,病毒和病原菌毒性基因也显著不同,而两种系统中真菌群落的物种组成相似且丰度相对较低。中温条件下产甲烷古菌和未分类微生物相对丰度较高,而高温条件下产酸及嗜热菌相对丰度较高,且高温消化后病毒和病原菌毒性基因相对丰度下降。微生物群落结构与COD、TS和VS有着显著相关性。【结论】微生物群落组成和功能基因在中高温的污泥厌氧消化系统中显著不同,从而解释了两个系统功能的差异。微生物群落的形成与进水参数相关,说明微生物对进水条件敏感。     

冰川生态系统固碳微生物研究进展

[目的] 海南海口含有丰富的温泉资源,对温泉微生物多样性进行研究,有助于进一步开发和利用海南温泉微生物资源。[方法] 本文采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对海口3个温泉[海甸岛荣域温泉（S1）、火山口开心农场温泉（S2）和西海岸海长流温泉（S3）] 水样中微生物ITS序列和16S rRNA基因V3-V4区进行测序及生物信息学分析,探究海口市3个不同区域的温泉真菌多样性与细菌多样性。[结果] （1）α多样性分析表明,真菌群落中,S3 > S1 > S2,而在细菌群落中,S2 > S1 > S3。β多样性分析表明,3个温泉真菌群落和细菌群落组成差异皆显著。（2）分类分析表明,温泉真菌群落优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）,细菌群落优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、Thermi、硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）、绿菌门（Chlorobi）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）。（3）CCA（Canonical correspondence analysis）分析表明,3个温泉的真菌群落主要影响因子是温度,细菌群落主要影响因子是总磷。[结论] 海南省海口市温泉中含有丰富的微生物资源,其微生物群落组成受多种环境因子影响,且影响真菌和细菌的主要环境因子不同。     

基于高通量测序的禁牧对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

麋鹿的采食、躺卧和践踏行为均会对栖息地土壤环境造成影响,进而影响土壤微生物群落结构。利用高通量测序技术,分析江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区禁牧点和补饲点土壤细菌和真菌群落结构差异,并结合土壤理化性质探究禁牧对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明细菌群落的优势菌门为变形菌门,真菌群落的优势菌门为子囊菌门。禁牧改变了土壤微生物群落结构,在门水平上提高了变形菌门、放线菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度,降低了绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门和子囊菌门的相对丰度,禁牧点与补饲点土壤微生物群落多样性的相似性较低。冗余分析中,细菌受土壤环境因子的影响大于真菌,其中土壤pH是影响细菌和真菌群落最大的土壤环境因子。研究揭示了禁牧对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,为保护区制定麋鹿生境恢复方案提供参考。     

利用小亚基核糖体RNA 技术分析温室黄瓜近根土壤古菌和真菌多样性

土壤古菌和真菌在温室生态系统是仅次于细菌的微生物,具有类似于细菌的重要生态功能。通过构建古菌16S rRNA和真菌18S rRNA基因克隆文库,分析温室黄瓜近根土壤古菌和真菌群落结构组成,为开发利用温室这一特殊的生态环境中丰富的微生物资源以及理解微生物与植物间的互作提供参考依据。采用研磨-冻融-溶菌酶-蛋白酶K-SDS热处理以及CTAB处理等理化方法,提取和纯化微生物总DNA,构建古菌16S rRNA和真菌18S rRNA基因克隆文库。利用DOTUR软件将古菌和真菌序列按照相似性97％的标准分成若干个可操作分类单元 (OTUs)。土壤古菌克隆文库主要包括泉古菌门和未分类的古菌两大类,并有少部分广域古菌类群,所有泉古菌均属于热变形菌纲,共45个OTUs;真菌克隆文库包括真菌门的大多数亚门真菌,共24个OTUs,未发现担子菌亚门真菌。古菌多样性比较丰富,且发现少量的广域古菌 (甲烷菌),这一情况可能与温室长期高温高湿,高有机质含量,土壤处于缺氧环境有关;土壤真菌的优势种群为子囊菌,占到土壤真菌的80％以上,这可能与绝大多数植物真菌性病害属于土传病害,通过菌丝体、菌核或子囊壳在土壤病残体中越冬有一定的关系。     

宁夏南部生态移民迁出区不同恢复模式土壤微生物群落特征

为了揭示人工林对土壤微生物环境的作用机理,利用高通量测序技术,比较了宁南山区刺槐、河北杨、油松、青海云杉和自然恢复林地的土壤真菌、细菌群落组成及多样性,分析了土壤理化性质与优势菌群的关系。结果表明: 1)不同恢复模式土壤真菌优势菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门、被孢霉门、未分类真菌,占总真菌群落的90%以上;细菌优势菌门为放线菌门、变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和其他细菌门,占总细菌群落相对丰度的80%以上。2)油松林地土壤真菌多样性最高,Shannon指数和 Simpson 指数分别为3.72±0.37、0.07±0.04。自然恢复林地真菌物种数量最高,Ace和Chao1指数分别为708.19±137.25、706.26±125.34;油松林地细菌多样性和物种数量都最高,Shannon、Simpson、Ace和Chao1指数分别为6.57±0.04、0.004±0.00、3439.81±41.67和3463.14±32.16。3)不同恢复模式相对丰度差异显著的真菌属为产油菌属、枝孢菌属、链格孢属,细菌属为67-14科未定名属、红色杆菌科红色杆菌属、鞘脂单胞菌科鞘脂单胞菌属。4)微生物优势菌群与土壤理化性质的冗余分析(RDA)表明,土壤容重(BD)、碳氮比(C/N)、pH是影响真菌优势菌群的主要因子,BD、氮磷比(N/P)、全磷(TP)、全碳(TC)是影响细菌优势菌群的主要因子。总体而言,不同恢复模式间真菌丰度差异性高于细菌丰度,表明真菌群落组成及其多样性对于不同树种和土壤环境变化较细菌群落更为敏感。研究结果将为宁南山区植被恢复措施及生态系统功能稳定性的维持提供理论支持。     

尖峰岭热带天然林不同土层细菌群落多样性和组成的海拔变异规律

土壤微生物群落结构沿海拔梯度的变异是微生物生物地理学分异和群落空间分布的重要内容,然而,热带森林土壤微生物多样性及其群落特征的海拔模式尚不明确。研究海南省尖峰岭自然保护区0—20cm和20—40cm土壤细菌多样性和群落组成沿海拔梯度(400—1410m)的变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：在0—20cm土壤微生物生物量碳、生物量氮和生物量磷随海拔升高(峰顶降低)而增加,20—40cm土壤微生物生物量碳、生物量氮和生物量磷随海拔升高呈先升高后降低趋势;整体上,变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门在0—20cm中占优势,丰度总和占该层细菌总量的88.17%;变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门在20—40cm中占优势,丰度总和占该层细菌总量的90.82%;随海拔增加,0—20cm细菌多样性线性减少,20—40cm细菌多样性变化不显著;沿海拔梯度,0—20cm细菌群落组成可分为低(409—1018m),中(1018—1357m)和高(1410m)三个海拔聚集群落,20—40cm细菌群落组成随海拔无显著性变化;两土层细菌多样性与土壤pH显著正相关,土壤细菌群落组成在0...     

沙坡头地区凋落物分解及其对土壤微生物群落的影响

以腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头人工固沙植被区典型植物种凋落物(小画眉草、藓类、油蒿叶片)为对象,运用凋落物分解袋法和高通量测序技术,分析了3种植物凋落物分解特征及其对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明: 分解时间和凋落物类型均显著影响分解速率,藓类分解最慢,13个月后质量损失比仅为15.4%,油蒿叶片和小画眉草的平均分解速率分别是藓类的4.9和3.4倍。经过11个月的分解,细菌群落的优势菌门为放线菌门和变形菌门,真菌群落的优势菌门是子囊菌门;藓类分解过程中,拟杆菌门和绿弯菌门的相对丰度显著增加,担子菌门的相对丰度显著降低。凋落物分解后,细菌和真菌群落物种多样性和丰富度显著增加,细菌群落组成在凋落物间变化不显著,真菌群落变化显著。凋落物的分解速率与细菌和真菌群落多样性及丰富度均呈负线性变化。植物多糖、全磷和土壤pH、微生物生物量氮、铵态氮含量是影响微生物群落结构的主要因子。凋落物分解改变了土壤微生物群落物种组成和种间相似性,显著增加了土壤中微生物群落的多样性和丰富度,促进了土壤生境的恢复。     

亚热带常见造林树种对土壤细菌及微生物功能群的影响

为揭示亚热带人工林常见造林树种对森林土壤微生物群落的影响,本研究选取马尾松、米老排、枫香、冬青、火力楠、麻栎和光皮桦7个树种为研究对象,采用16S rRNA高通量测序和实时荧光定量PCR技术,探究不同树种土壤细菌的多样性、群落构成以及微生物功能群基因丰度。结果表明: 变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门是亚热带造林树种的优势细菌门,不同树种细菌多样性和丰富度指数无显著差异。冗余分析表明,土壤容重、土壤C/N、凋落物氮和凋落物C/N是影响土壤细菌组成的主要环境因子。不同造林树种土壤中氨氧化古菌、氨氧化细菌和完全氨氧化菌amoA基因丰度均具有显著差异。完全氨氧化菌在数量上占据优势地位,但只有氨氧化古菌amoA基因丰度与土壤硝态氮呈显著正相关关系,表明氨氧化古菌在亚热带酸性森林土壤自养硝化作用中可能发挥主要作用。相关分析表明,凋落物氮是不同树种影响氨氧化微生物丰度变化的关键驱动因子。本研究表明,土壤微生物功能群对树种的响应比细菌群落结构更加敏感,未来应从微生物功能群角度深入探究不同造林树种对森林生态系统功能的影响机制。     

秦岭石生苔藓结皮的微生物群落组成和多样性特征北大核心CSCD

苔藓结皮是地表重要的活性覆盖物,具有改善土壤性状、固土持水、固碳固氮等多种生态功能,微生物群落是苔藓结皮发挥生态功能的主要成分。为了探究湿润区石生苔藓结皮的微生物群落组成及其多样性特征,揭示其发育形成机制以及功能机理,该研究以秦岭北麓的泥峪、车峪、骆峪5个样地的石生苔藓结皮为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术,分析了石生苔藓结皮层的微生物群落组成、丰度、多样性,并测定分析养分与微生物群落的关系,为裸露岩石创面的生态修复提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)秦岭石生苔藓结皮层的全氮和有机质含量在4.16~8.26 g/kg、89.44~131.05 g/kg之间,且样点间均差异显著;全磷和全钾含量较低,分别为0.88~1.21 g/kg和13.50~18.10 g/kg。(2)秦岭石生苔藓结皮层中细菌占微生物群落组成的80%以上,且细菌的多样性也远高于真菌;其中细菌优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobateria)、拟杆菌门(Bateroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),真菌优势菌群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和被孢霉菌门(Mortierellomycota)。(3)冗余分析(RDA)显示,全钾和有机质对优势细菌群落结构影响显著,变形菌和拟杆菌适宜生活在湿度大、营养状况良好的基质中;全磷和有机质对优势真菌群落结构影响显著,被孢霉菌门在低磷基质中更具生长优势。研究发现,细菌是秦岭石生苔藓结皮层的优势菌群,与旱区土生状况相比,秦岭石生苔藓结皮层的放线菌和酸杆菌的含量有所下降,而拟杆菌含量显著增加;对于真菌而言,子囊菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度明显减少,被孢菌门丰度显著增加;有机质是影响结皮层微生物群落组成最主要的养分因子,丰富的养分使湿润区石生苔藓结皮层的微生物群落结构更加复杂多样、物种组成更加丰富。     

短程硝化活性污泥微生物群落结构及羟胺代谢对短程硝化的影响

活性污泥法随着技术的成熟,已应用在高氨氮污水/废水处理中,通过不断发展衍生出的很多新型工艺也成为研究热点,短程硝化反应作为代表已逐渐体现出优越性。短程硝化能达到高效净化污水的目的,其反应中的代谢产物羟胺也和微生物类群及反应产物之间有着至关重要的影响。反应器中活性污泥的微生物群落结构和动态密切相关,探究微生物群落结构能帮助生物强化、优化参数,提高脱氮效率。本文主要总结了近年来有关短程硝化/半短程硝化活性污泥微生物群落组成与结构及其与反应器处理效率之间的关系,以及羟胺代谢对短程硝化的影响等方面的研究进展,这些研究加深了对微生物群落结构和污水处理工艺之间的认识,但充分发掘生物信息、提高工艺效能之路仍然充满挑战,还需利用氮平衡方法、Real-time PCR法等多种生物技术手段对短程硝化进行全方位研究,为实践提供坚实的理论基础。     

rRNA-targeted寡核苷酸探针识别活性污泥微生物群落结构与功能研究进展

活性污泥中微生物群落内部关系非常复杂 ,及时对活性污泥中优势菌群和群落内部关系进行监测是污水处理中采取正确措施的关键。历史研究表明传统培养方法经常导致活性污泥优势菌群检测的失败 ,而r RNA- targeted寡核苷酸探针作为一种快速原位监测活性污泥微生物群落结构和功能的新工具被引入 ,使我们对参与污水净化的微生物群落结构和优势菌群能有较全面的了解。就该方法在识别除磷污泥、脱氮污泥、污泥泡沫和膨胀污泥中微生物群落结构和功能的典型应用进行综述 ,分析了该方法存在的优点和缺点 ,并对目前已建立且应用于活性污泥微生物检测的 r RNA- targeted寡核苷酸探针进行了详细总结     

Pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in 14 wastewater treatment systems in china

To determine if there is a core microbial community in the microbial populations of different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and to investigate the effects of wastewater characteristics, operational parameters, and geographic locations on microbial communities, activated sludge samples were collected from 14 wastewater treatment systems located in 4 cities in China. High-throughput pyrosequencing was used to examine the 16S rRNA genes of bacteria in the wastewater treatment systems. Our results showed that there were 60 genera of bacterial populations commonly shared by all 14 samples, including Ferruginibacter, Prosthecobacter, Zoogloea, Subdivision 3 genera incertae sedis, Gp4, Gp6, etc., indicating that there is a core microbial community in the microbial populations of WWTPs at different geographic locations. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results showed that the bacterial community variance correlated most strongly with water temperature, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) content. Variance partitioning analyses suggested that wastewater characteristics had the greatest contribution to the bacterial community variance, explaining 25.7% of the variance of bacterial communities independently, followed by operational parameters (23.9%) and geographic location (14.7%). Results of this study provided insights into the bacterial community structure and diversity in geographically distributed WWTPs and discerned the relationships between bacterial community and environmental variables in WWTPs.     

Temporal dynamics of activated sludge bacterial communities in two diversity variant full-scale sewage treatment plants

Bacterial community in activated sludge (AS) is diverse and highly dynamic. Little is known about the mechanism shaping bacterial community composition and dynamics of AS and no study had quantitatively compared the contribution of abiotic environmental factors and biotic associations to the temporal dynamics of AS microbial communities with significantly different diversity. In this study, two full-scale sewage treatment plants (STPs) with distinct operational parameters and influent composition were sampled biweekly over 1 year to reveal the correlating factors to whole and sub-groups of AS bacterial community diversity and dynamics. The results show that the bacterial communities of the two STPs were entirely different and correlated with the influent composition and operating configurations. Bacterial associations represented by cohesion metrics and the environmental factor temperature were the primary correlated factors to the temporal bacterial community dynamics within each STP. The STP with high diversity and evenness could treat influent with higher suspended solid and a shorter sludge retention time, and was less correlated with environmental factors, implying the importance of diversity for AS system.

     

Diversity and dynamics of Archaea in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The activated sludge process is one of the most widely used methods for treatment of wastewater and the microbial community composition in the sludge is important for the process operation. While the bacterial communities have been characterized in various activated sludge systems little is known about archaeal communities in activated sludge. The diversity and dynamics of the Archaea community in a full-scale activated sludge wastewater treatment plant were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. RESULTS: The Archaea community was specialized and dominated by Methanosaeta-like species. During a 15 month period major changes in the community composition were only observed twice despite seasonal variations in environmental and operating conditions. Water temperature appeared to be the process parameter that affected the community composition the most. Several terminal restriction fragments also showed strong correlations with sludge properties and effluent water properties. The Archaea were estimated to make up 1.6-% of total cell numbers in the activated sludge and were present both as single cells and colonies of varying sizes. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented here show that Archaea can constitute a constant and integral part of the activated sludge and that it can therefore be useful to include Archaea in future studies of microbial communities in activated sludge.     

Study of microbial community structures in UASB sludge treating municipal wastewater by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA

The structures of microbial communities in lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating municipal wastewater with different ratios of COD soluble/COD total were studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes.The microbial structure of the inoculum sludge obtained from a full-scale UASB reactor of treating potato processing wastewater was compared with the structures of sludges collected from three lab-scale UASB reactors after eight months feeding with raw municipal wastewater, with CEPS (chemically enhanced primary sedimentation) pretreated municipal wastewater, and with a synthetic municipal sewage, respectively. Computer-aided numerical analysis of the DGGE fingerprints showed that the bacterial community underwent major changes. The sludges for treating raw and CEPS pretreated wastewater had very similar bacterial and archaeal communities (82%and 96% similarity) but were different from that for treating the synthetic sewage. Hence, despite similar % COD in the particulate form in the synthetic and the real wastewater, the two wastewaters were selected for different microbial communities. Prominent DGGE bands of Bacteria and Archaea were purified and sequenced. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the dominant archaeal bands found in the inoculum, and UASB sludge fed with raw sewage, CEPS pretreated wastewater, and synthetic sewage were closely associated with Methanosaeta concilii. In the UASB sludge fed with synthetic sewage, another dominant band associated with an uncultured archaeon 39-2 was found together with M. concilii.     

Study of microbial community structures in UASB sludge treating municipal wastewater by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA

The structures of microbial communities in lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating municipal wastewater with different ratios of COD soluble/ COD total were studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes. The microbial structure of the inoculum sludge obtained from a full-scale UASB reactor of treating potato processing wastewater was compared with the structures of sludges collected from three lab-scale UASB reactors after eight months feeding with raw municipal wastewater, with CEPS (chemically enhanced primary sedimentation) pretreated municipal wastewater, and with a synthetic municipal sewage, respectively. Computer-aided numerical analysis of the DGGE fingerprints showed that the bacterial community underwent major changes. The sludges for treating raw and CEPS pretreated wastewater had very similar bacterial and archaeal communities (82% and 96% similarity) but were different from that for treating the synthetic sewage. Hence, despite     

Study of microbial community structures in UASB sludge treating municipal wastewater by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA

The structures of microbial communities in lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating municipal wastewater with different ratios of COD_soluble/ COD_total were studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes. The microbial structure of the inoculum sludge obtained from a full-scale UASB reactor of treating potato processing wastewater was compared with the structures of sludges collected from three lab-scale UASB reactors after eight months feeding with raw municipal wastewater, with CEPS (chemically enhanced primary sedimentation) pretreated municipal wastewater, and with a synthetic municipal sewage, respectively. Computer-aided numerical analysis of the DGGE fingerprints showed that the bacterial community underwent major changes. The sludges for treating raw and CEPS pretreated wastewater had very similar bacterial and archaeal communities (82% and 96% similarity) but were different from that for treating the synthetic sewage. Hence, despite similar % COD in the particulate form in the synthetic and the real wastewater, the two wastewaters were selected for different microbial communities. Prominent DGGE bands of Bacteria and Archaea were purified and sequenced. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the dominant archaeal bands found in the inoculum, and UASB sludge fed with raw sewage, CEPS pretreated wastewater, and synthetic sewage were closely associated withMethanosaeta concilii. In the UASB sludge fed with synthetic sewage, another dominant band associated with an uncultured archaeon 39-2 was found together withM. concilii.     

Tracking human sewage microbiome in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Human sewage pollution is a major threat to public health because sewage always comes with pathogens. Human sewage is usually received and treated by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to control pathogenic risks and ameliorate environmental health. However, untreated sewage that flows into water environments may cause serious waterborne diseases, as reported in India and Bangladesh. To examine the fate of the human sewage microbiome in a local municipal WWTP of Hong Kong, we used massively parallel sequencing of 16S rRNA gene to systematically profile microbial communities in samples from three sections (i.e., influent, activated sludge, and effluent) obtained monthly throughout 1 year. The results indicated that: (1) influent sewage bacterial profile reflected the human microbiome; (2) human gut bacterial community was the dominant force shaping influent sewage bacterial profile; (3) most human sewage bacteria could be effectively removed by the WWTP; (4) a total of 75 genera were profiled as potentially pathogenic bacteria, most of which were still present in the effluent although at a very low level; (5) a grouped pattern of bacterial community was observed among the same section samples but a dispersed pattern was found among the different section samples; and (6) activated sludge was less affected by the influent sewage bacteria, but it showed a significant impact on the effluent bacteria. All of these findings provide novel insights toward a mechanistic understanding of the fate of human sewage microbiome in the WWTP.