短程硝化活性污泥微生物群落结构及羟胺代谢对短程硝化的影响

活性污泥法随着技术的成熟,已应用在高氨氮污水/废水处理中,通过不断发展衍生出的很多新型工艺也成为研究热点,短程硝化反应作为代表已逐渐体现出优越性。短程硝化能达到高效净化污水的目的,其反应中的代谢产物羟胺也和微生物类群及反应产物之间有着至关重要的影响。反应器中活性污泥的微生物群落结构和动态密切相关,探究微生物群落结构能帮助生物强化、优化参数,提高脱氮效率。本文主要总结了近年来有关短程硝化/半短程硝化活性污泥微生物群落组成与结构及其与反应器处理效率之间的关系,以及羟胺代谢对短程硝化的影响等方面的研究进展,这些研究加深了对微生物群落结构和污水处理工艺之间的认识,但充分发掘生物信息、提高工艺效能之路仍然充满挑战,还需利用氮平衡方法、Real-time PCR法等多种生物技术手段对短程硝化进行全方位研究,为实践提供坚实的理论基础。

Bacterial community structure of the activated sludge for partial nitrification and the effect of hydroxylamine metabolism

Due to the maturity of technology, the activated sludge process has been applied in the treatment of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater. With continuous development, many new activated sludge-based processes have also become research hotspots. Partial nitrification (PN) has gradually emerged as a representative. Partial nitrification can achieve the purpose of purifying sewage efficiently; and the hydroxylamine, one of the metabolites in the reaction, also has a vital influence on the microbial community and the reaction products. The microbial community structure and dynamics of activated sludge in PN reactors are closely related with nitrifying process. Exploring the microbial community structure can help bio-enhancement, optimizing parameters and improve nitrogen removal efficiency. This review mainly summarized the recent advances on microbial community composition and structure of the activated sludge for partial nitrification/half partial nitrification and their relationships with reactor performances, as well as the effect of hydroxylamine metabolism on partial nitrification. These results have reinforced our understanding of microbial community structure and wastewater treatment processes, but the path to fully exploiting biological information and improving process efficiency remains challenging. It is also necessary to use a variety of biotechnology methods to conduct comprehensive research on partial nitrification and provide a solid theoretical basis for practice.