峨眉山野生药用蕨类植物资源及其开发利用

峨眉山中药材以其品种多、质优量大、历史悠久而驰名中外,素有“天然药园”之称。其野生药用蕨类植物有38科148种,占全国该类植物资源总科数的97%、总种数的80%左右。本文对药用蕨类植物的生境、分布、药用部位、功效等作了初步分析,并对合理开发利用提出了建议。     

峨眉山区野生濒危药用植物资源评价体系的初步研究

峨眉山区属于亚热带季风气候区,野生药用植物资源十分丰富。经过三年的野外调查和文献资料整理,首次建立了峨眉山以蕴藏系数、保护缓急程度等7项指标在内的定量评价濒危药用植物指标体系。结果表明:峨眉山目前1655种野生药用植物(含变种、变型)中,受到生存威胁的药用植物种类共56科102属152种。其中急需保护的有19科29属41种,分别占其科属种数的33.93%、28.43%和26.97%,代表种类主要有峨眉金线兰、峨眉黄连、峨眉拟单性木兰、峨眉岩白菜等;需要保护的有22科,29属,35种,分别占其科属种的39.29%、28.43%和23.02%,代表种类主要有四川木莲、峨眉荚蒾、峨眉忍冬、峨眉雪胆等;一般保护的有41科59属76种,分别占其科属种的73.21%、57.84%和50%,代表种类主要有黄连、川桂、八角莲、威灵仙等。     

峨眉山珍稀濒危药用植物资源及保护

报道了峨眉山43种国家级珍稀濒危野生药用植物,简要介绍了其药用价值及濒危状况等,并对资源保护提出了建议。     

庆祝广西药用植物园成立五十周年

<正>广西壮族自治区药用植物园(以下简称"药园"),又名中国医学科学院药用植物研究所广西分所,广西药用植物研究所,创建于1959年,占地面积202公顷,是广西壮族自治区卫生厅直属的进行药用植物保护利用与开发研究的专业性药用植物园,也是我国对外(国际)开放的二十一个大型植物园之一。经过50年的建设和发展,药园构建起了以资源、人才和实验室平台为基础的核心竞争力,取得了辉煌成就,被誉为"立体的《本草纲目》"和"亚洲第一药用植物园",是AAAA级国家旅游景区、国家科普教育基地和国家中医药文化宣传教育基地。     

中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所

中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所创建于1959年,地处云南省西双版纳州首府景洪市中心。研究所内有一著名的“西双版纳南药园”,占整个研究     

峨眉山自然分布的马兜铃科药用植物

马兜铃科植物在峨眉山较为常见,其中不少种类为常用中药或著名的民间草药。如马兜铃、淮通、宜宾防已、朱砂莲、西南细辛、前叶细辛等等。多年来,笔者结合药用植物教学、实习,多次上山进行调查、采集标本百余份,经查阅资料,鉴定整理,该科植物在峨眉山共有2属11种1变种,全供药用[2]1马兜铃科药用植物在峨眉山的自然分布峨眉山植被主要按垂直分布不同,通常划分为4个区。马兜铃科药用植物的自然分布如下。1．l高山草甸区包括金顶、长坡、千佛项,万佛项等地,海拔3000米以上,为寒温带气候。植被为高山草甸,以箭竹、杜鹃属为优势种。…     

内蒙古荒漠药用种子植物资源多样性研究

本研究对内蒙古荒漠药用植物资源进行统计分析,以期为药用植物资源开发利用提供一定的理论依据,通过野外调查结合相关文献整理,分析药用植物资源特征。结果表明：内蒙古荒漠药用种子植物有66科190属285种,大多是草本和灌木,以中生类型为主,旱生与湿生类型均有存在,生态幅度较为广,同时具有明显的荒漠特征。不同的生活型与生态水分类型在功能类型上主要发挥清热的功效,同时存在一定的差异。药用植物资源在药用性能及药用部位表现为多样性,具有一定的开发潜力;从药性分析,以寒性为主;从药味分析苦味药、甘味药及辛味药是主要组成部分;从功能类型分析,可划分成19类,主要发挥清热的功效。药用植物资源用途多样性,有极大的经济价值,包括重点药用植物5种,濒危保护植物15种。建议加强对药用植物的科学研究,加大对药用植物的监管保护力度,合理开发荒漠药用植物资源,促进荒漠产业发展。     

园中窥园:岩石和药用植物园

岩石和药用植物园(以下简称岩药园)原是辰山东面的采石坑遗址,后来工作人员利用岩石和变化的地形,对裸露岩壁进行景观修复,创造适合岩生、旱生植物生长的地形地势,结合药用植物展示和收集,形成了岩药园。这里主要收集华东适生性药用植物、岩生植物和芳香植物。岩药园总面积为2万平方米,     

江西珍稀濒危药用植物分级标准的研究

以江西省受威胁的３２种药用植物为研究对象,制定出江西省珍稀濒危药用植物保护的定量化分级标准。经过一系列评价标准的定量化及权得分配处理,以求得药用植物种的“濒危系数”和“Ｑ刀切保护值”,然后确定药用植物的受威胁程度和急切的保护的序列。     

江西珍稀濒危药用植物优先保护评价

采用自制的“江西珍稀濒危药用植物分级标准”对江西省内２０８种（包括变种）植物进行优先保护评价。评价结果表明：有２４种药用植物达濒危状态,８８种达渐危状态,８８种达稀有状态,尚有８种处于安全状态。在这些种类中需要一级保护的有１２种,二级保护的有９２种,三级保护的有８９种,处于暂缓保护的有１５种。     

Diversity of Medicinal Plants among Different Forest-use Types of the Pakistani Himalaya

Diversity of Medicinal Plants among Different Forest-use Types of the Pakistani Himalaya Medicinal plants collected in Himalayan forests play a vital role in the livelihoods of regional rural societies and are also increasingly recognized at the international level. However, these forests are being heavily transformed by logging. Here we ask how forest transformation influences the diversity and composition of medicinal plants in northwestern Pakistan, where we studied old-growth forests, forests degraded by logging, and regrowth forests. First, an approximate map indicating these forest types was established and then 15 study plots per forest type were randomly selected. We found a total of 59 medicinal plant species consisting of herbs and ferns, most of which occurred in the old-growth forest. Species number was lowest in forest degraded by logging and intermediate in regrowth forest. The most valuable economic species, including six Himalayan endemics, occurred almost exclusively in old-growth forest. Species composition and abundance of forest degraded by logging differed markedly from that of old-growth forest, while regrowth forest was more similar to old-growth forest. The density of medicinal plants positively correlated with tree canopy cover in old-growth forest and negatively in degraded forest, which indicates that species adapted to open conditions dominate in logged forest. Thus, old-growth forests are important as refuge for vulnerable endemics. Forest degraded by logging has the lowest diversity of relatively common medicinal plants. Forest regrowth may foster the reappearance of certain medicinal species valuable to local livelihoods and as such promote acceptance of forest expansion and medicinal plants conservation in the region.     

DIACAN: Integrated Database for Antidiabetic and Anticancer Medicinal Plants

Medicinal plants and plant derived molecules are widely used in traditional cultures all over the world and they are becoming large popular among biomedical researchers and pharmaceutical companies as a natural alternative to synthetic medicine. Information related to medicinal plants and herbal drugs accumulated over the ages are scattered and unstructured which make it prudent to develop a curated database for medicinal plants. The Antidiabetic and Anticancer Medicinal Plants Database (DIACAN) aims to collect and provide an integrated platform for plants and phytochemiclas having antidiabetic or anticancer activity.

Availability

http://www.kaubic.in/diacan     

Medicinal plants as hosts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte associations of 31 medicinal plant species collected from the Garden of Medicinal Plants of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum in Kraków were investigated. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was found in 30 species; 23 were of the Arum-type, 5—Paris and 2 taxa revealed intermediate morphology. Many plants were strongly colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The mycelium of dark septate endophytes (DSE) was observed in 21 taxa. However, the percentage of root colonization by these fungi was low. Spores of 15 species of AMF (Glomeromycota) were found in the rhizosphere of the investigated plants. Our results are the first detailed report of both AMF and DSE associations of these plant species. The use of AMF and DSE during the process of medicinal plant cultivation for pharmaceutical purposes is discussed.     

Tibetan medicine plurality

Tibetan medicine historically has had multiple medical lineages, despite ancient, shared literary medical canons. However, since the second half of the 20th century in Tibet, increasing state control and commoditization has lead to centralization and standardization of Tibetan medicine. Here we investigate how much variation in the use of medicinal plants remains in contemporary Tibetan medicine. Medicinal plants used and/or sold by fifteen Tibetan medical institutions, markets, and doctors, as well as two additional non-Tibetan markets, are inventoried and vouchered (where allowed). The data are ordered by Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling. Four distinct groups are defined: (1) government recognized Tibetan medical institutions and their disciples both in Lhasa and elsewhere, (2) local herbal doctors near Mt. Khawa Karpo, eastern Himalayas, (3) Tibetan medicinal markets in Lhasa and near Mt. Khawa Karpo, and (4) non-Tibetan medicinal markets near Dali and Kunming, Yunnan. This clearly documents the plurality of Tibetan medical traditions—official, local, and market—while differentiating these from non-Tibetan markets.     

The market for medicinal plants in sapa and hanoi, vietnam

The Market for Medicinal Plants in Sapa and Hanoi, Vietnam. Economic Botany 59(4):377-385, 2005. This article describes the market for medicinal plants sold in the Vietnamese town of Sapa as well as in nine different markets in the Vietnamese capital city, Hanoi. A total of 44 medicinal plants were identified botanically, 27 of which are on sale in Sapa and 28 in Hanoi. Most buyers of medicinal plants in Sapa are members of the Vietnamese middle classes who go to Sapa on holidays. Medicinal plants are gathered or cultivated predominantly by members of ethnic minority groups (Hmong and Dao) who live in small hamlets, some located several hours from the town of Sapa. Sapa is one of the poorest districts in Vietnam with a GDP per household of only U.S. $322 in 2005, so the cash that people are able to earn from the sale of medicinal plants is very important. The article argues that the social roles of the weekend market in Sapa are equally important, as the market helps ethnic minorities to fulfil their needs for a social life beyond the village.     

Use of Medicinal Plants Among Thai Ethnic Groups: A Comparison

Economic Botany - Use of Medicinal Plants Among Thai Ethnic Groups: A Comparison. Thailand has a large rural population that uses traditional medicinal plants extensively. The country is also the...     

Indigenous Ex Situ Conservation of Q'eqchi' Maya Medicinal Plant Resources at the Itzamma Garden—Indian Creek, Belize, Central America

The Itzamma Garden and Medicinal Plant Project is a collaborative effort focused on identifying traditionally important plants used by the Q'eqchi' Maya of southern Belize. The Garden represents a cornerstone of the project where these plant resources (~130 in total, of which 102 have been identified to the species level) are cultivated ex situ as a means of providing primary healthcare by traditional healers. Here, we present a comprehensive agro-ecological survey of the Garden describing the layout and cultivation scenarios, development challenges encountered, and associated implementation strategies for improving site practices. A general recommendation for the adaptation of this strategy to other localities is the thorough depiction of ecological features based on interactions with local practitioners, for example, leading to the effective cultivation of plants, the enhancement of soil, and the surveillance of crop nutritional status and medicinal potency. We consider that the ‘ethnobotanical garden approach’ could provide a collaborative ‘working model’ for rural development, especially indigenous communities interfacing with their local agro-ecosystems.     

唐家河国家级自然保护区药用植物资源及多样性特征分析

为探究四川盆地唐家河国家级自然保护区药用植物资源种类、分布状况及保护现状,为该区药用植物的有效保护和管理提供科学依据。该研究于2014至2017年采用覆盖全区的野外样线实地考察、照片收集、走访和查阅文献等方法,对唐家河自然保护区药用植物多样性进行分析。结果显示:(1)唐家河保护区药用植物130科399属602种,其中蕨类植物17科26属36种,裸子植物3科3属3种,被子植物110科370属563种。在种属构成多样性上,寡种科(2~5个种)优势明显,占总科数的40.77%,共有165种,占总种数的27.41%;单种属有284属,占总属数的71.18%。(2)在生活型多样性上,草本药用植物占有明显的优势,共有450种,占总种数的74.75%。(3)全草(全株)类、根与根茎类是唐家河药用植物的主要药用部位。(4)唐家河药用植物在植物区系上表现为以温带分布为主。研究表明:唐家河保护区药用植物种类丰富,药用植物生活型、部位、功效等类型多样,具有科研、保护和利用价值。