茉莉酸调控花药开裂的研究进展

茉莉酸(JA)是广泛存在于植物中的生长调节物质,JA及其衍生物茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)在植物生命活动中起着重要作用。JA参与调控雄蕊发育,影响花药开裂,从而影响植物育性。就JA的生物合成及相关基因的表达调控、JA在植物花药发育尤其是后期花药开裂过程中相关基因以及信号转导的分子机制研究进行回顾总结,并对JA调控花药开裂的分子机理研究提出展望。     

茉莉酸类化合物及其信号通路研究进展

茉莉酸类化合物包括茉莉酸及其衍生物,是一类基本的植物激素,其结构上类似于后生动物的前列腺素,作为信号分子在植物的生长发育和胁迫信号响应过程中具有重要的作用.茉莉酸类化合物信号通路包括茉莉酸类化合物的生物合成以及茉莉酸信号的转导,JAZ蛋白是茉莉酸信号转导通路中的一个重要因子,JAZ蛋白的发现为茉莉酸信号转导分子机制的详细阐述铺平道路.简要介绍了茉莉酸类化合物在植物中的作用.重点介绍了其信号转导通路的研究进展.     

植物JAZ蛋白的功能概述

茉莉酸作为重要的植物激素,在植物生长、繁殖和抗逆等诸多方面起重要的作用。茉莉酸途径的抑制因子JAZ(Jasmonate ZIM-domain,JAZ)蛋白(JAZs)是调节茉莉酸(JA)激素应答的关键因子,在没有JA存在时,JAZs抑制DNA-结合转录因子活性,从而调控JA应答基因转录;当有JA存在时,JAZs和冠菌素不敏感1(Coronatine insensitive 1,COI1)依赖JA分子发生互作,复合体被SCFCOI1识别并进入26S蛋白酶解途径降解,释放的转录因子启动JA应答基因转录。随着研究的深入,发现JAZs可以与许多转录因子互作,不仅调控了JA信号响应,还参与了其他激素信号通路。对JAZs的互作机制进行描述,阐述JAZs在植物激素调控网络中的作用。     

茉莉酸在植物诱导防御中的作用

茉莉酸(JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)作为与损伤相关的植物激素和信号分子,广泛地存在于植物体中,外源应用能够激发防御植物基因的表达,诱导植物的化学防御,产生与机械损伤和昆虫取食相似的效果。大量研究表明,用茉莉酸类化合物处理植物可系统诱导蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)和多酚氧化酶(PPO),从而影响植食动物对营养物质的吸收,还能增加过氧化物酶、壳聚糖酶和脂氧合酶等防御蛋白的活性水平,导致生物碱和酚酸类次生物质的积累,增加并改变挥发性信号化合物的释放,甚至形成防御结构,如毛状体和树脂导管。经茉莉酸处理的植物提高了植食动物的死亡率,变得更加吸引捕食性和寄生性天敌。挥发性化合物——茉莉酸甲酯可以从植物的气孔进入植物体内,在细胞质中被酯酶水解为茉莉酸,实现长距离的信号传导和植物间的交流,诱导邻近植物产生诱导防御反应。茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯分别具有4种立体异构,其中具有活性的是顺式结构,但顺式结构不稳定,会差向异构化为反式结构。茉莉酸的代谢物(Z)-茉莉酮(cis-Jasmone)具电生理活性,在植物诱导防御中起作用,并且在防御信号的作用上不同于茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯。     

伤胁迫对蚕豆叶片中茉莉酸分布的影响

在植物应对伤害等环境刺激的反应中,已知茉莉酸(JA)作为一种重要的信号分子在植物体内长距离运输,但目前对JA的细胞和亚细胞定位知之甚少。本研究用免疫荧光显微镜技术和免疫胶体金电镜技术证明茉莉酸分布在蚕豆叶片叶肉细胞的叶绿体、表皮细胞的细胞壁、保卫细胞的细胞壁、细胞质、叶绿体和细胞核上。其中保卫细胞的叶绿体和细胞核是JA分布的主要场所。叶片的局部灼伤可提高JA在质外体和气孔保卫细胞中的水平。由此推测,伤胁迫下JA分配的改变可能与植物体防御反应密切相关,并参与了对气孔运动的调控。     

茉莉酸类化合物在植物防卫反应中的作用

茉莉酸类化合物(jasmonate,JA)是诱导植物防卫反应的重要信号分子。JA不仅是系统素信号转导途径的重要组分,而且在植物长距离伤信号转导中发挥重要作用。JA还能单独或与其他激素相互作用调节与植物防卫反应相关的次生代谢物质芥子油苷的生物合成,从而影响植物的防卫反应。现对JA在植物防卫反应中的作用进行综述,并对今后这一领域的研究进行了展望。     

茉莉酸生物合成的调控及其信号通路

茉莉酸类化合物作为一种细胞信号分子,在植物的生长发育、机械损伤、代谢调节及诱导防御相关基因表达等方面起着重要的作用。本文概述了茉莉酸的生物合成调控以及人们目前对茉莉酸信号通路的认识,并对该研究领域存在的问题及今后可能的研究方向进行展望。     

茉莉酸及其信号传导研究进展

茉莉酸及其衍生物茉莉酸甲酯等统称为茉莉酸盐,是广泛存在于植物中的一种生长调节物质,在植物细胞中起着非常重要的作用.茉莉酸作为信号分子广泛参与调节植物的生长发育和胁迫响应过程.本文主要就茉莉酸的生物合成、茉莉酸的信号传导途径和调控机制、茉莉酸的信号传导途径与乙烯、脱落酸、水杨酸和一氧化氮信号传导途径的相互关系进行了综述.     

茉莉酸在植物抗逆性中的研究进展

茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)是一种植物内源合成的脂类激素，在植物响应胁迫的调控中发挥着重要作用。本文概括了JA的生物合成与代谢途径及其调控机制；总结了JA信号的传导通路；系统归纳了JA在植物响应生物和非生物胁迫应答中的作用机制和调控网络，重点关注了最新的研究进展。此外，本文梳理了JA与其他植物激素在植物抗逆性调节过程中的信号交流。最后讨论了JA信号通路介导的植物抗逆性研究中亟待解决的问题，并展望了新的分子生物学技术在调控JA信号通路增强作物抗性中的应用前景，以期为植物的抗逆性研究和改良提供参考。     

茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯生物合成及其调控机制

近年来茉莉酸类物质作为重要的信号分子引起了广泛的关注。从茉莉酸的生物合成入手,概述了茉莉酸类物质作为信号分子在植物胁迫响应及生长发育中作用的研究进展。     

Jasmonate Signal Pathway in Arabidopsis

Jasmonates （JAs）, which include jasmonic acid and its cyclopentane derivatives are synthesized from the octadecanoid pathway and widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. JAs modulate the expression of numerous genes and mediate responses to stress, wounding, insect attack, pathogen infection, and UV damage. They also affect a variety of processes in many plant developmental processes. The JA signal pathway involves two important events： the biosynthesis of JA and the transduction of JA signal. Several important Arabidopsis mutants in jasmonate signal pathway were described in this review.     

Role and activity of jasmonates in plants under in vitro conditions

Jasmonates (JAs), such as jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, are lipid-derived compounds with signal functions in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to stress. JAs are widely distributed in plants as natural plant growth regulators. JAs do not work independently but work as a part of a complex signaling network with other phytohormones. They are deployed to induce response during wounding and are often used for elicitation and stimulation of secondary metabolites production in different in vitro culture systems. Application of JAs seems to be promising during different steps of the micropropagation system for different species. JAs stimulate proliferation rate of shoots, roots, callus and induce microtubers and bulblets formation. However, negative effects of JAs on the condition of plant tissues are also reported, e.g. leaf senescence, reduced growth and inhibited somatic embryogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the application and properties of jasmonates under in vitro conditions in terms of cell division, explant growth, proliferation ability, storage organ formation and stress response.

     

Design and synthesis of biotin-tagged photoaffinity probes of jasmonates

Jasmonates (JAs) are a class of oxylipin compounds that play diverse roles in plant defense and development. The F-box protein coronatine insensitive1 (COI1) plays a crucial role in the JA signaling pathway. To determine whether COI1 binds directly to jasmonates, three biotin-tagged photoaffinity probes for JAs, a jasmonic acid photoaffinity probe (PAJA), a JAIle photoaffinity probe (PAJAIle), and a coronatine photoaffinity probe (PACOR), were designed and synthesized based on analysis of JA structure–activity relationships and molecular modeling of the interaction between COI1 and JAs. Among them, PACOR exhibited the most significant biological activity in inhibiting root growth, promoting accumulation of JA-responsive proteins, and triggering COI1–JAZ1 interaction in Arabidopsis seedlings. PACOR is an effective tool for elucidating the interaction between COI1 and JA.     

Jasmonates in flower and seed development

Jasmonates are ubiquitously occurring lipid-derived signaling compounds active in plant development and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Upon environmental stimuli jasmonates are formed and accumulate transiently. During flower and seed development, jasmonic acid (JA) and a remarkable number of different metabolites accumulate organ- and tissue specifically. The accumulation is accompanied with expression of jasmonate-inducible genes. Among these genes there are defense genes and developmentally regulated genes. The profile of jasmonate compounds in flowers and seeds covers active signaling molecules such as JA, its precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) and amino acid conjugates such as JA-Ile, but also inactive signaling molecules occur such as 12-hydroxy-JA and its sulfated derivative. These latter compounds can occur at several orders of magnitude higher level than JA. Metabolic conversion of JA and JA-Ile to hydroxylated compounds seems to inactivate JA signaling, but also specific functions of jasmonates in flower and seed development were detected. In tomato OPDA is involved in embryo development. Occurrence of jasmonates, expression of JA-inducible genes and JA-dependent processes in flower and seed development will be discussed.     

The Amidohydrolases IAR3 and ILL6 Contribute to Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine Hormone Turnover and Generate 12-Hydroxyjasmonic Acid Upon Wounding in Arabidopsis Leaves

Jasmonates (JAs) are a class of signaling compounds that mediate complex developmental and adaptative responses in plants. JAs derive from jasmonic acid (JA) through various enzymatic modifications, including conjugation to amino acids or oxidation, yielding an array of derivatives. The main hormonal signal, jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), has been found recently to undergo catabolic inactivation by cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation. We characterize here two amidohydrolases, IAR3 and ILL6, that define a second pathway for JA-Ile turnover during the wound response in Arabidopsis leaves. Biochemical and genetic evidence indicates that these two enzymes cleave the JA-Ile signal, but act also on the 12OH-JA-Ile conjugate. We also show that unexpectedly, the abundant accumulation of tuberonic acid (12OH-JA) after wounding originates partly through a sequential pathway involving (i) conjugation of JA to Ile, (ii) oxidation of the JA-Ile conjugate, and (iii) cleavage under the action of the amidohydrolases. The coordinated actions of oxidative and hydrolytic branches in the jasmonate pathway highlight novel mechanisms of JA-Ile hormone turnover and redefine the dynamic metabolic grid of jasmonate conversion in the wound response.     

茉莉酸类植物激素分析研究进展

以茉莉酸(iasmonic acid,JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)为代表的茉莉酸类物质(jasmonates,JAs)是一种新型天然植物生长调节剂,具有广谱的生理效应,存在于多种高等植物体内。内源茉莉酸类激素通常以多种手性异构体存在,且含量超微(约为ng/g鲜重),因此,对内源性茉莉酸类激素进行准确的定性、定量分析具有很大的难度,研究高效分离富集、高灵敏度检测以及分离与检测联用等分析方法,对加速植物激素分子作用机理研究具有重大意义。该文就JAs(含其衍生物及手性异构体)的分离与检测技术进行了综述,包括各种色谱、色谱与质谱联用技术、毛细管电泳技术、免疫分析等各种方法,并展望了JAs分析方法未来的发展趋势。