短瓣金莲花中一个新的黄酮炭苷化合物

一个新的酰化黄酮炭苷化合物(1)和9个已知的黄酮炭苷从短瓣金莲花中分离得到,化合物1的结构通过HRMS、IR、1H、13C NMR、HMQC、HMBC等光谱学方法鉴定为7-甲氧基-2″-O-(2-甲基丁酰基)荭草苷.并以耳肿胀法评价所得黄酮化合物的抗炎活性.     

蓝花侧金盏化学成分的研究

从藏药蓝花侧金盏的乙醇溶液中分离得到8个化合物,通过波谱学方法分别鉴定为三十一烷醇(1)、对甲酰基肉桂酸(2)、芹菜素(3)、木犀草素(4)、荭草苷(5)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、异荭草苷(7)及侧金盏醇(8)。化合物1、2、4、6、7均首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

尖叶胡枝子黄酮类化学成分的研究

采用硅胶、凝胶和聚酰胺等柱层析及HPLC等方法对尖叶胡枝子[Lespedeza hedysaroides (Pall.) Kitag.]70%乙醇提取物中的黄酮类化学成分进行研究,共分离得到8个化合物,通过光谱和波谱分析,分别鉴定为荭草素(1)、牡荆苷(2)、异荭草素(3)、异牡荆苷(4)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(6)、6-xylopyranosylluteolin(7)、异杨梅树皮苷(8),其中化合物5～8为首次从尖叶胡枝子中分离得到.研究结果表明:碳苷黄酮(化合物1～4)是尖叶胡枝子黄酮类的主要成分,具有较好的药理活性,作为一种药用植物资源,尖叶胡枝子具有广阔的开发利用前景.     

小叶三点金的黄酮类成分研究

从小叶三点金(Desmodium microphyllum)乙醇溶液中分离得到9个黄酮类化合物,通过波谱学方法分别鉴定为()-表儿茶素(1)、genistein-4′-O-β-glucoside(2)、异荭草苷(isoorientin,3)、荭草苷(orientin,4)、木犀草素(luteotin,5)、异日本獐牙菜素(isoswertiajaponin,6)、luteoayamenin(7)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-7-galactoside,8)、木犀草素-7-O-鼠李糖苷(luteolin-7-rhamnoside,9)。所有化合物均为首次在该植物中分离得到。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定楠竹叶提取物中的4种黄酮

采用高效液相色谱法同时测定楠竹叶提取物中的4种主要黄酮成分：荭草苷、牡荆苷、牡荆苷-4′-O-葡萄糖苷、牡荆苷-2′-O-鼠李糖苷。通过实验,得到了同时测定4种主要黄酮成分的最佳条件。采用Kromasil-C18(5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm,Akzol Nobel,Sweden)进行测定,最佳检测条件为：以四氢呋喃∶乙腈∶甲醇∶0.5%醋酸水溶液=10.3∶1∶0.7∶88为色谱流动相等度洗脱;检测波长360 nm;柱温25℃,流速：1.0 mL·min^-1。荭草苷、牡荆苷、牡荆苷-4′-O-葡萄糖苷和牡荆苷-2′-O-鼠李糖苷的平均回收率分别为98.5%、98.1%、99.1%和98.7%,相对标准偏差分别为0.8%、0.7%、0.8%和0.6%(n=5)。该方法分离效率高、分析速度快、检测灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于楠竹叶成分的检测分析。     

木槿的化学成分研究

为了解木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)茎的化学成分,采用MCI-gel中压柱层析、硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和高效液相色谱等色谱方法,从木槿茎85%乙醇提取物中分离得到13个化合物。根据理化性质和波谱数据,其结构分别鉴定为methyl 4-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl] sinapate (1)、2,6,2′,6′-四甲氧基-4,4′-二(2,3-环氧-1-羟基丙基)二苯(2)、3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯(3)、3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯(4)、对羟基肉桂酸甲酯(5)、咖啡酸甲酯(6)、阿魏酸甲酯(7)、丁香脂素(8)、clemaphenol A (9)、(E)-3-hydroxyanetholeβ-D-glucopyranoside (10)、荭草苷(11)、木犀草素(12)和芹菜素(13)。其中化合物1～10为木脂素类,化合物11～13为黄酮类,化合物1为新天然产物,化合物1～12为首次从该植物中分离得到。采用MTS法检测,40μmol/L的化合物1～10对人白血病HL-60细胞和人肺癌A-549细胞株体外生长均未显示出较好的抑制活性。     

荭草花醇提物对H_2O_2诱导的H9c2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用机制研究

研究荭草花醇提物对H9c2心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用机制。采用200μmol/L H_2O_2作用H9c2细胞0.5 h,建立H9c2细胞氧化损伤模型。将细胞分为正常对照组、H9c2细胞氧化损伤模型组、不同浓度荭草花醇提物(20、40、80μg/m L)预处理组。采用MTS法检测细胞存活率;生化试剂盒检测细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量,细胞内丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力;Western blot测定cleavedcaspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax、p-AKT和AKT的表达。与模型组比较,荭草花醇提物能明显增加心肌细胞存活率,降低LDH释放量和MDA含量,提高SOD及CAT活性,并呈剂量依赖性抑制H_2O_2诱导的氧化应激损伤。荭草花醇提物下调cleaved caspase-3和Bax的蛋白水平,上调Bcl-2的表达,减少心肌细胞凋亡;增加细胞中p-AKT的表达,且这种表达可被PI3Ks抑制剂LY294002抵消。表明荭草花醇提物可减轻H_2O_2诱导的H9c2心肌细胞氧化应激损伤,其机制可能与减少细胞凋亡,平衡氧化应激产物有关,且部分依赖于磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K/Akt)通路。     

不同产地野菊花中黄酮类成分含量的HPLC分析

野菊花为菊科(Compositae)植物野菊[Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul.]的头状花序,具有清热解毒和疏风散热等功效.黄酮类化合物为野菊花最主要的有效成分之一,最早从野菊花中分离出的黄酮类化合物为木犀黄酮苷,此后相继得到刺槐素、木犀草素、芹菜素和蒙花苷等黄酮类化合物,以蒙花苷和木犀草素含量最高,其中蒙花苷含量是野菊花药材的主要质量检测指标[1].     

辐状肋柱花的苷类成分

利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20及反相硅胶RP-18分离及纯化技术,从辐状肋柱花全草乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部分得到7个水溶性成分,经1H NM R、13C NM R等波谱技术鉴定为异荭草苷、芒果苷、Sw ertipun i-cos ide、当药醇苷、异牡荆苷、当药黄素、和7-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖]-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基口山酮.除异荭草苷外,其余化合物均首次从该植物中得到.     

毛细管气相色谱/质谱法测定关苍术中的挥发性成分

采用正己烷萃取关苍术中挥发性成分 ,以GC -MS分离 ,经计算机检索系统处理与质谱标准谱图核对 ,检出香橙烯 ([ ]-Aromadendrene)、反式石竹烯 (trans -Caryophyllene)、γ -榄香烯 (gamma -Elemene)、α -草烯(alpha -Humulene)、β -桉叶烯 (beta-Selinene)、2 -甲基苯酚 (Phenol,2 -methyl- )、石竹二烯酮 (Caryophylla - 2 [12 ],6 [13]-dien - 5 -one)、1-甲氧基 - 2 (1-甲基 - 2 -亚甲基 -环戊基 ) -苯 (Benzene,1-methoxy - 2 [1-methyl- 2 -methylenecyclopentyl]- )、呋喃 - 2 -亚甲基 - (1H -嘌呤 - 6基 ) -胺 (1H -Purin - 6 -ammine,N - [2 -furanylmethyl]- )、白术内酯 (Butenolide)、1-溴 - 8十七炔 (8-Heptadecyne ,1-beome)等 11种挥发性成分     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.