IL-18-心血管事件独立危险因素

心血管疾病为一种慢性炎症性疾病,大部分证据显示IL-18与代谢综合征及它的后果有关。有报道循环中IL-18水平在心血管疾病患者中升高,与心血管疾病有显著的相关性,并且能够预测心血管疾病患者的心血管事件和死亡率,促进2型糖尿病的发展。在不稳定斑块、脂肪组织、肌肉组织中存在IL-18,通过caspase-1等调控,与IL-18结合蛋白结合而失活,与IL-18受体结合影响其因子的转录。这篇综述的的目的在于描述心血管疾病患者中IL-18总的大概作用,尤其强调心血管危险和生活方式干预的潜在效应。     

肝病患者肝组织IL-18结合蛋白的表达和分析

目的:探讨肝病患者肝脏组织白细胞介素18结合蛋白(interleukin-18 binding protein,IL-18BP)的表达水平及临床意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学技术检测41例原发性肝癌、9例慢性乙型肝炎、11例肝硬化、和5例正常肝组织中IL-18BP的表达情况,同时检测患者外周血IL-18BP的含量.结果:原发性肝癌的癌周组织IL-18BP表达量最高,与癌组织、肝硬化组织、慢性肝炎组织和正常肝组织评分值组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);表达强度:癌周组织＞肝硬化＞肝癌＞慢性肝炎,正常组织无阳性表达(P＜0.01).IL-18BP在组织中的表达和血清中的含量相一致.结论:肝病患者IL-18BP表达水平随病情加重呈递增趋势.     

寻常型银屑病患者血清IL-17、IL-18、VEGF的表达及与病情严重程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨寻常型银屑病患者血清白介素17(IL-17)、白介素18(IL-18)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及与病情严重程度的相关性。方法:选取2015年8月到2017年4月在我院接受治疗的寻常型银屑病患者86例为研究组,另选取同期在我院体检结果为健康的志愿者40例作为健康对照组,并根据临床症状和病情变化对研究组患者进行分组,其中进行期银屑病组32例,静止期银屑病组24例,退行期银屑病组30例。对比研究组和健康对照组血清中IL-17、IL-18、VEGF水平,对比不同严重程度的寻常型银屑病患者血清中IL-17、IL-18、VEGF水平和PASI评分,采用Spearman相关性分析IL-17、IL-18、VEGF的表达与PASI评分的相关性。结果:研究组患者血清中的IL-17、IL-18、VEGF水平显著高于健康对照组(P0.05),进行期银屑病组患者血清中IL-17、IL-18、VEGF水平和PASI评分显著高于静止期银屑病组和退行期银屑病组,静止期银屑病组患者血清中IL-17、IL-18、VEGF水平和PASI评分显著高于退行期银屑病组(P0.05),Spearman相关性分析结果显示,研究组患者血清中IL-17、IL-18、VEGF水平与PASI评分均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:寻常型银屑病患者血清中IL-17、IL-18、VEGF水平异常升高,且其水平与病情严重程度有关,对上述三种指标进行监测有助于临床治疗寻常型银屑病。     

NLRP3炎症小体表达与慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺癌的相关性研究

目的:分析核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体表达与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺癌的相关性。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年2月我院收治的COPD合并肺癌患者62例作为实验组及同期88例COPD患者作为对照组。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测两组患者外周血IL-1β、IL-18浓度,免疫组化法检测两组患者术后肺病理组织中Caspase-1、ASC、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量,并比较不同病理特征下患者术后肺病理组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量的差异,并分析其与COPD合并肺癌的相关性。结果:实验组患者外周血IL-1β、IL-18水平均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者术后肺病理组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量均明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);中低分化、临床分期Ⅲ期、淋巴结有转移的急性加重期COPD合并肺癌患者术后肺病理组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量高于高分化、临床分期Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、淋巴结无转移的稳定期COPD合并肺癌患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Spearman秩相关性分析发现,患者术后肺病理组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量与COPD合并肺癌患者病情严重程度、淋巴结转移情况、分化程度以及病情所处时期均呈正相关(r0,P0.05)。结论:NLRP3炎症小体通路可能参与了COPD合并肺癌的发展过程,其释放的细胞因子IL-1β、IL-18水平升高可能与患者持续炎症有关,并进一步导致机体免疫病理损伤,促进疾病进展。     

甲氨蝶呤联合艾得辛可降低RA患者血清中IL-37及PD-1的水平

分析甲氨蝶呤联合艾得辛治疗对类风湿关节炎患者血清IL-37及PD-1水平的影响。选择2015年4月至2017年3月本院接诊的100例类风湿关节炎患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分组,每组50例,观察组患者采用甲氨蝶呤与艾得辛联合治疗,对照组患者单独采用甲氨蝶呤治疗,比较两组患者血清中细胞因子IL-6、IL-18和IL-18BP的表达,探讨IL-37、PD-1的临床意义。观察组患者的血清IL-18(63.23±7.89) pg/mL、IL-6 (3.25±0.98) pg/mL、IL-18BP (210.56±24.51) pg/mL表达水平显著低于对照组患者的血清IL-18 (140.67±18.65) pg/m L、IL-6 (8.27±1.23) pg/mL、IL-18BP (308.89±30.67) pg/mL表达水平;观察组患者的血清IL-37 (23.65±4.28) pg/m L及PD-1 (19.58±3.78) ng/mL表达水平显著低于对照组患者的血清IL-37 (58.98±5.29) pg/mL及PD-1 (36.72±4.62) ng/mL表达水平,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05),相关性分析发现,血清IL-37与细胞因子IL-18、IL-6和IL-18BP均呈正相关;但是PD-1仅与细胞因子IL-6呈正相关,按照RA评分标准,患者血清中IL-37与诊断评分呈正相关,PD-1与诊断评分呈正相关。甲氨蝶呤联合艾得辛治疗类风湿关节炎具有较为明确的疗效,能够短期内控制RA患者疾病的发展,临床的表现稳定,有效降低患者的血清IL-18、IL-6、IL-18BP以及IL-37、PD-1的表达水平,对患者的积极意义较大,可在临床的治疗中推广应用。     

来源于羊痘病毒的白介素-18结合蛋白基因的表达和活性研究

近来,对白细胞介素18受体(IL-18R)及其转导机制的研究取得了较大进展。已经发现的与IL-18R有关的蛋白质有三种：第-种是IL-1受体相关蛋白(IL-1Rrp),即IL-18Rα,是IL-18R功的能性组分;第二种被称为辅助蛋白(AcPL),也即IL-18Rβ;第三种是IL-18结合蛋白(IL-18BP),其氨基酸序列与已知的细胞因子受体氨基酸序列均不同,可以在体外消除IL-18诱导的IFN-γ和IL-8的生成及对NFkB的激活。尽管IL-18BP与IL-18Rα没有同源性,结构也不相同,但是小鼠和人的IL-18BP均能抑制IL-18与其受体的结合。这表明,IL-18BP具有拮抗IL-18生物学活性的作用,是IL-18的拮抗剂。     

IL-37b在炎症及其相关疾病中的作用

白细胞介素-1(IL-1)家族成员IL-1F7(IL-1 family 7)最近被命名为IL-37,它共有五种不同的亚型(IL-37a-e)。研究表明,IL-37b(IL-1F7b)可以与IL-18受体的α链结合,但并不影响IL-18的生理功能;IL-37b与IL-18结合蛋白(IL-18BP)结合后,可以增强IL-18BP对IL-18的抑制作用。IL-37b的主要作用是抑制炎症反应,它在多种炎症相关性疾病中起重要作用。     

鸡白细胞介素18与其受体复合物的表达、纯化与初步晶体学研究北大核心CSCD

白细胞介素18(interleukin-18,IL-18)是IL-1家族中一种重要的细胞因子,在增强免疫、抗肿瘤等方面具有潜在应用价值。鸡IL-18(chicken interleukin-18,chIL-18)的cDNA于2000年被克隆,后续研究证明鸡IL-18与哺乳动物IL-18具有类似的生物学功能。IL-18可与靶细胞上的IL-18受体(IL-18R,包括IL-18Rα和IL-18Rβ)特异性结合形成受体复合物,介导细胞膜上的信号从胞外向胞内传递。作者在大肠杆菌中成功表达和纯化了chIL-18,利用昆虫细胞表达系统获得了chIL-18Rα和chIL-18Rβ的胞外结构域;他们还在体外重组并纯化了chIL-18/18Rα二元复合物与chIL-18/18Rα/18Rβ三元复合物,并生长出二元复合物晶体。这些工作为进一步测定chIL-18与其受体复合物的晶体结构,从而深入探讨chIL-18信号转导机制奠定了基础。     

ApoE和IL-18基因多态性与脑胶质瘤发生的临床关系

为了探讨载脂蛋白E (ApoE)、白介素18 (IL-18)基因多态性与脑胶质瘤发生的临床关系,本研究2013年8月至2016年9月收治的194例脑胶质瘤患者作为病例组,选择同时期本院体检中心的194例健康人员作为对照组。采用问卷调查法收集两组人员基本资料;采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测血清ApoE和IL-18水平;采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析ApoE基因多态性;采用序列特异引物聚合酶链反应(SSP-PCR)法检测IL-18基因启动子区-137G/C突变位点多态性。对比脑胶质瘤患者与健康人群血清中ApoE和IL-18含量,ApoE和IL-18各基因型和等位基因频率的分布情况。研究显示,病例组血清ApoE水平明显高于对照组(p0.05),病例组血清IL-18水平明显低于对照组(p0.05)。病例组ApoE和IL-18基因型及等位基因频率与对照组相比均差异显著(p0.05)。研究表明,脑胶质瘤患者血清ApoE和IL-18水平异常,ApoE和IL-18各基因型和等位基因频率明显改变,提示ApoE和IL-18基因多态性与脑胶质瘤的发生有密切相关。     

硫酸吲哚酚在终末期肾病心血管并发症中的研究进展

心血管疾病是慢性肾脏病患者最常见的并发症之一,也是慢性肾脏病患者死亡的主要原因。尿毒症毒素是肾功能不全时导致心血管疾病发生的重要因素。在慢性肾脏病患者中,以硫酸吲哚酚为代表的蛋白结合性尿毒症毒素,是一类很难通过常规透析方式清除的物质,且毒性极大。近年来,已有研究证实慢性肾脏病诱导心血管疾病的发生与硫酸吲哚酚的蓄积密切相关。硫酸吲哚酚可通过诱导氧化应激导致内皮损伤,平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移,促进动脉粥样硬化发生,从而影响全身多个系统。本文就尿毒症毒素硫酸吲哚酚在终末期肾病心血管并发症中的研究进展作一综述。     

Differential expression of protein kinase C isoforms in coronary arteries of diabetic mice lacking the G-protein Gα11

The metabolic syndrome is thought to be associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation, and a growing body of evidence suggests that interleukin-18 (IL-18) might be closely related to the metabolic syndrome and its consequences. Circulating levels of IL-18 have been reported to be elevated in subjects with the metabolic syndrome, to be closely associated with the components of the syndrome, to predict cardiovascular events and mortality in populations with the metabolic syndrome and to precede the development of type 2 diabetes. IL-18 is found in the unstable atherosclerotic plaque, in adipose tissue and in muscle tissue, and is subject to several regulatory steps including cleavage by caspase-1, inactivation by IL-18 binding protein and the influence of other cytokines in modulating its interaction with the IL-18 receptor. The purpose of this review is to outline the role of IL-18 in the metabolic syndrome, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular risk and the potential effect of life style interventions.     

Felodipine reduces cardiac expression of IL-18 and perivascular fibrosis in fructose-fed rats

Metabolic syndrome is associated with accelerated macrovascular and microvascular coronary disease, cardiomyopathy, and elevated inflammatory status. To determine whether metabolic syndrome-associated elevation of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) in serum and cardiac tissue, and its potential sequelae could be attenuated pharmacologically, we studied fructose-fed rats. The fructose-fed rats exhibited increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), body weight, heart weight, left ventricular weight, and blood insulin. Serum IL-18 levels in these rats were also elevated significantly. These changes were significantly different compared to those in control rats. Perivascular fibrosis around coronary arterioles was evident in the fructose-fed rats, accompanied by a paralleled increase in IL-18 by immunohistochemical analysis and real time polymerase chain reaction. Felodipine attenuated the increased levels in serum IL-18 and cardiac IL-18 mRNA as well as coronary perivascular fibrosis. Thus, augmented IL-18 in serum and cardiac tissue in metabolic syndrome may contribute to the coronary perivascular fibrosis; felodipine administration can attenuate the inflammatory and fibrosis process.     

The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise.

Regular exercise offers protection against all-cause mortality, primarily by protection against cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The latter disorders have been associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation reflected by a two- to threefold elevated level of several cytokines. Adipose tissue contributes to the production of TNF-alpha, which is reflected by elevated levels of soluble TNF-alpha receptors, IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and C-reactive protein. We suggest that TNF-alpha rather than IL-6 is the driver behind insulin resistance and dyslipidemia and that IL-6 is a marker of the metabolic syndrome, rather than a cause. During exercise, IL-6 is produced by muscle fibers via a TNF-independent pathway. IL-6 stimulates the appearance in the circulation of other anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ra and IL-10 and inhibits the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. In addition, IL-6 enhances lipid turnover, stimulating lipolysis as well as fat oxidation. We suggest that regular exercise induces suppression of TNF-alpha and thereby offers protection against TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance. Recently, IL-6 was introduced as the first myokine, defined as a cytokine that is produced and released by contracting skeletal muscle fibers, exerting its effects in other organs of the body. Here we suggest that myokines may be involved in mediating the health-beneficial effects of exercise and that these in particular are involved in the protection against chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.     

Adiponectin blocks interleukin-18-mediated endothelial cell death via APPL1-dependent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and IKK/NF-kappaB/PTEN suppression

The adipocyte-derived cytokine adiponectin is known to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. In patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, circulating levels of adiponectin correlate inversely with those of the proinflammatory, proapoptotic cytokine interleukin (IL)-18. The opposing actions of IL-18 and adiponectin on both cell survival and inflammation led us to investigate whether adiponectin signaling antagonizes IL-18-mediated endothelial cell death and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Treatment with IL-18 suppressed Akt phosphorylation and its associated kinase activity, induced IkappaB kinase (IKK)-NF-kappaB-dependent PTEN activation, and promoted endothelial cell death. Pretreatment with adiponectin stimulated APPL1-dependent AMPK activation, reversed Akt inhibition in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner, blocked IKK-NF-kappaB-PTEN signaling, reduced caspase-3 activity, blocked Bax translocation, and inhibited endothelial cell death. The cytoprotective effect of adiponectin signaling was recapitulated by treatment with the pharmacological AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside. Collectively, these results demonstrated that adiponectin reverses IL-18-mediated endothelial cell death through an AMPK-associated mechanism, which may thus have therapeutic potential for diminishing IL-18-dependent vascular injury and inflammation.     

Imbalanced production of IL-18 and its antagonist in human diseases,and its implications for HIV-1 infection

IL-18 is a pleiotropic and multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family. It is produced as a biologically inactive precursor, which is cleaved into its active mature form mainly by caspase-1. The caspase becomes active from its inactive precursor (procaspase-1) upon assembly of an inflammasome. Because of IL-18’s potential pro-inflammatory and tissue destructive effects, its biological activities are tightly controlled in the body by its naturally occurring antagonist called IL-18BP. The antagonist is produced in the body both constitutively and in response to an increased production of IL-18 as a negative feedback mechanism. Under physiological conditions, most of IL-18 in the circulation is bound with IL-18BP and is inactive. However, an imbalance in the production of IL-18 and its antagonist (an increase in the production of IL-18 with a decrease, no increase or an insufficient increase in the production of IL-18BP) has been described in many chronic inflammatory diseases in humans. The imbalance results in an increase in the concentrations of free IL-18 (unbound with its antagonist) resulting in increased biological activities of the cytokine that contribute towards pathogenesis of the disease. In this article, we provide an overview of the current biology of IL-18 and its antagonist, discuss how the imbalance occurs in HIV infections and how it contributes towards development of AIDS and other non-AIDS-associated clinical conditions occurring in HIV-infected individuals undergoing combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). Finally, we discuss challenges facing immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at restoring balance between IL-18 and its antagonist in these patients.     

IL-18 binding protein protects against contact hypersensitivity

Allergic contact dermatitis, the clinical manifestation of contact hypersensitivity, is one of the most common disorders of the skin. It is elicited upon multiple cutaneous re-exposure of sensitized individuals to the sensitizing agent. In this study, we demonstrate that using IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) to neutralize IL-18 significantly reduced clinical symptoms in a murine model of contact hypersensitivity. Furthermore, IL-18BP alleviated the relapses during established disease, as indicated by significant protection during re-exposure of mice that had previously undergone a contact hypersensitivity response without treatment. Although edema was not influenced, IL-18BP reduced the number of T cells homing to sites of inflammation, resulting in diminished local production of IFN-gamma. Thus, by preventing the accumulation of effector T cells to the target tissue, IL-18BP appears to be a potent protective mediator to counter skin inflammation during contact hypersensitivity. Taken together with the evidence that IL-18 is present in tissue samples of the human disease, our data reinforces IL-18BP as a candidate for this therapeutic indication.     

Altered interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-18 mRNA expression in myocardial tissues of patients with dilatated cardiomyopathy

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a potent regulator of cell proliferation, inflammation, and contraction of cardiovascular cells. It has been proposed that the IL-1/IL-1ra (IL-1 receptor antagonist) ratio influences these functions. Other members of the IL-1 family and the related caspase-1 also contribute to regulation of IL-1-mediated functions. We determined the mRNA expression of caspase-1, caspase-3, IL-1alpha , IL-1beta , IL-18, IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1-RI), and IL-1ra in left ventricle tissue of hearts from patients with ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy (ICM or DCM) and in control tissues from unused donor transplant hearts in RT-PCR experiments. We show that the expression of caspase-1, caspase-3, IL-1beta , and IL-1-RI mRNA was not different between patients and control tissues. Furthermore, we did not find detectable amounts of IL-1alpha mRNA in any of these adult myocardial tissues. On the other hand, expression of IL-18 RNA was lower in myocardium of both patient groups compared with control hearts. Furthermore, IL-1ra mRNA expression was significantly lower in tissues of DCM patients compared with ICM patients and controls. This was in line with a trend towards lower IL-1ra protein levels in myocardial tissues of DCM patients. In contrast with the adult tissues discussed above, which did not express IL-1alpha mRNA, commercially available human fetal tissue expressed IL-1alpha mRNA. On the other hand IL-1beta mRNA was present in fetal and in adult human heart tissue. Our data provide evidence for an altered ratio of IL-1/IL-1ra in DCM patients. This dysregulation may contribute to pathogenesis and/or progression of heart disease by modulating the otherwise balanced IL-1-mediated functions in cardiovascular cells.     

High serum interleukin-18 concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIMS: The aim of our study was to analyse the serum level of interleukin 18 (IL-18) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and to relate this to clinical findings. METHODS: The IL-18 level was measured by ELISA in serum samples from 130 CAD patients prior to their first, elective, coronary artery bypass surgery. Forty-three of them had been diabetic for several years. A control group consisted of 31 healthy people matched according to age, BMI, lipid and smoking status. RESULTS: The CAD patients with DM were similar to the non-diabetic CAD patients with respect to age, BMI, grade of heart failure, ejection fraction. There were no differences in the duration of CAD, history of myocardial infarction and PTCA or instability of angina. The serum level of IL-18 was higher in the CAD patients than in the control group. The CAD patients with DM had a higher concentration of IL-18 compared to the non-diabetic CAD group. The diabetic patients with triple-vessel disease were characterized by a higher concentration of IL-18 than the non-diabetic patients with the same grade of CAD. Smoking affected the IL-18 concentration, particularly in the diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: Type 2 DM predisposes patients, especially those with multi-vessel CAD who were smokers, to a higher serum level of IL-18, which may help explain their vulnerability to fatal, secondary cardiovascular events. These patients should be in the first line for stringent, secondary cardiovascular prevention.