基于18S rDNA序列的蝽次目(半翅目：异翅亚目)

利用18S rDNA分子约1 912 bp的序列对蝽次目21个科53个种进行系统发育分析。运用MP法、ML法和NJ法分析后的结果表明：蝽次目的单系性得到很高的支持；扁蝽总科成为毛点类的姐妹群；毛点类基本确定为两大分支：一支包含蝽总科和红蝽总科；另一支主要由长蝽总科、缘蝽总科和南蝽总科组成；长蝽总科和缘蝽总科都是多系；长蝽总科中，跷蝽科和皮蝽科的关系最近，构成姐妹群，位于整个毛点类的基部；与长蝽总科中另外两个科长蝽科和地长蝽科的关系很远。说明利用18S rDNA分子对研究蝽次目的系统发育关系是适合的，能够重建蝽次目；扁蝽总科和蝽总科单系性的结果与形态学的研究以及Li et al (2005)的研究一致；但较Li et al (2005)的研究更进一步把红蝽总科从广义的缘蝽总科中分出来；并建议皮蝽科作为一个独立的总科更合适。     

缘蝽总科支序分析及其高级分类系统(半翅目:异翅亚目)(英)

本文在已有大量比较形态学研究和各科支序分析研究基础上,对缘蝽总科的科、亚科、族等亚群的系统发育关系作了支序分析研究,结果表明,缘蝽总科、蛛缘蝽科、姬缘蝽科的单系群地位得到证明。而缘蝽科由于其棒缘蝽亚科和希缘蝽亚科分别占据支序图的两个最低位置,它们在缘蝽总科中具有较多的原始特征,缘蝽亚科的Chariesterini族与南美缘蝽亚科互为姐妹群而与缘蝽亚科其它族差异较大;姬缘蝽科的红缘蝽亚科处在该分支的最高位置且与姬缘蝽亚科中的Harmostini族互为姐妹群,与姬缘蝽亚科其它族关系也较近,因而传统的缘蝽科、缘蝽亚科、姬缘蝽亚科为并系群。为使各分类单元为单系群即自然类群,使分类系统更忠实于系统发育关系,本文将棒缘蝽亚科和希缘蝽亚科分别提升为科,Chariesterini族提升为亚科;红缘蝽亚科降为族,姬缘蝽科不设亚科。据上述分类学变动提出了缘蝽总科族以上高级阶分类系统。     

基于四个Hox基因的水生蝽类昆虫（半翅目-异翅亚目：蝎蝽次目）系统发育研究

本研究选取了水生的蝎蝽次目(半翅目:异翅亚目)10科的11种为代表种,扩增了蛋白编码基因-四个Hox基因(abd-A,Dfd,Ubx和pb)的部分片段,利用最大似然法和贝叶斯方法分析了蝎蝽次目总科或科间的系统发育关系。研究结果如下:支持蝎蝽次目、潜蝽总科(盖蝽科+潜蝽科)、蝎蝽总科(负子蝽科+蝎蝽科)、蜍蝽总科(蜍蝽科+蟾蝽科)以及固蝽总科(固蝽科+蚤蝽科)的单系性;蜍蝽总科为蝎蝽次目的基部分支;仰蝽总科只包括仰蝽科,并与(固蝽总科+潜蝽总科)形成新的姐妹群关系;蝎蝽总科与划蝽总科为姐妹群;表明Hox基因在解决异翅亚目总科间或科间的系统发育关系上,是适合的分子标记。     

姬缘蝽科系统发育初探：（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

本文通过对姬缘蝽科１４属的比较形态学研究,以支序分析方法探讨了各类间的系统发育关系,３其结果证明姬缘蝽科为一明显单系群,并支持Ｃｈｏｐｒａ（１９６７）系统中大部分族的划分意见,但因支序图中玛缘蝽族和姬缘蝽亚科为并系群,从而对Ｃｈｏｐｒａ系统中亚科的划分及玛缘蝽族是否成立提出疑问,并认为已有系统中的“红缘蝽亚科”应降为族级。文中还将支序分析结果与经前作者的系统发育意见相比较,认为本文所提出的关于该科     

大头隆胸长蝽线粒体基因组测序及分析(半翅目:地长蝽科)

地长蝽科隶属于半翅目异翅亚目蝽次目长蝽总科,该科包括15个族,缢胸族是其中包含属最多的族,而目前该族物种尚无线粒体基因组报道.该族中的隆胸长蝽属昆虫是一个仅在东洋界分布的类群,其中大头隆胸长蝽Eucosmetus incisus(Walker,1872)在中国水稻种植地区广泛发生,是重要的水稻害虫.因此,对大头隆胸长蝽开展线粒体基因组研究具有重要意义.本研究测定了大头隆胸长蝽线粒体基因组编码区域的全部基因序列,并分析了其主要特征,结果如下:(1)共测得大头隆胸长蝽线粒体基因序列长度为14 562 bp,由一部分控制区和典型的37个基因组成,包括22个转运RNA基因,13个蛋白编码基因和2个核糖体RNA基因.其线粒体基因排列顺序同果蝇Drosophila yakuba和大多数蝽次目昆虫排列顺序相同.(2)除tRNA-His缺少TΨC环、不能正常折叠外,其它21个tRNA均能折叠成经典三叶草结构.16SrRNA的结构域IV和V比结构域Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ更保守,12S rRNA的结构域Ⅲ比结构域Ⅰ和Ⅱ更保守.在蝽次目昆虫中,存在两个较稳定的重叠区域,分别位于ATP8和ATP6,ND4和ND4L之间,并且这两段基因重叠区互为反向互补序列(ATGATAA).(3)核苷酸组成和密码子的使用都表现出了很高的AT偏向性,在13个蛋白编码基因和2个核糖体RNA中,由N链编码的基因都是TA偏移和GC偏移,而除C0I之外所有由J链编码的基因都刚好相反,都是AT偏移和CG偏移,COI为TA偏移和CG偏移.使用最频繁的密码子均由AT组成,且多数不与tRNA反密码子严格配对.本文为对缢胸族昆虫线粒体基因组序列的首次报道,为将来开展缢胸族昆虫相关的分子系统发育研究初步提供了基础数据.除对大头隆胸长蝽本身的分析外,我们还联合了蝽次目毛点类中其它物种的同源序列,针对红蝽总科、缘蝽总科和长蝽总科间的系统发育关系进行了研究,结果表明了长蝽总科的单系性,与其亲缘关系最近的是缘蝽总科.     

蛛缘蝽科系统发育初探(半翅目:缘蝽总科)

本文通对蛛缘蝽科各亚群16个代表属的比较形态学研究,以支序分析方法探讨了属间系统发育关系,其结果证实蛛缘蝽科为一单源群,支持Schaefe(1965)将该科分为蛛缘蝽亚科和微缘蝽亚科的意见,并认为扁缘蝽属和锥缘蝽属应分别单独成立族。Ahmad(1965)等将原有蛛缘蝽族、稻缘蝽族和微翅缘蝽族分别提升为亚科从而将该科分为三亚科的观点得不到文中支序图的支持。     

关于停止使用"同翅目Homoptera" 目名的建议

长期以来,在我国昆虫学界,“同翅目Homoptera”和半翅目Hemiptera一直被作为2个并列的昆虫目被广泛使用。传统的“同翅目”被分为3亚目10总科,即鞘喙亚目Coleorrhyncha(包括膜翅蝽总科Peloridioidea)、胸喙亚目Stemorrhyncha(包括木虱总科Psylloidea、粉虱总科Aleyrodoidea、蚧总科Coccoidea和蚜总科Aphidoidea)和头喙亚目Auchenorrhyncha[包括蜡蝉子亚目Fulgoromorpha(包括蜡蝉总科Fulgoroidea)和蝉子亚目Cicadomorpha(包括蝉总科Cicadoidea、沫蝉总科Cercopoidea、叶蝉总科Cicadelloidea和角蝉总科Membracoidea)]。近年来,形态学及分子学特征数据的支序分析研究表明,木虱总科、粉虱总科、蚧总科、蚜总科、蜡蝉总科、蝉总科、沫蝉总科、角蝉总科都是单系群;鞘喙亚目、胸喙亚目、蝉子亚目及蜡蝉子亚目也都是单系群,其相互之间的系统发育关系为：胸喙亚目 (蝉子亚目 (蜡蝉子亚目 (鞘喙亚目 异翅亚目(蝽类)))),它们共同组成了单系的半翅目Hemiptera。系统发育分析表明,在半翅目中,鞘喙亚目与异翅亚目具有最近的亲缘关系,蜡蝉子亚目与鞘喙亚目 异翅亚目是姊妹群,蝉子亚目是蜡蝉子亚目 (鞘喙亚目 异翅亚目)的姐妹群,胸喙亚目是半翅目中最早和最原始的一个分枝。因此传统的“同翅目”并不是一个自然的单系类群,而是一个人为的并系类群。目前,在国际昆虫学界,“同翅目”作为一个人为的并系类群已得到公认和普遍接受,并已不再作为昆虫纲的一个有效目被使用。然而,“同翅目”作为昆虫纲的一个有效目在国内一直被广泛使用,为此,作者建议我国的昆虫学工作者今后应停止使用“同翅目”这一人为的并系目名而使用单系的半翅目目名,即将长期以来一直置于“同翅目”的木虱、粉虱、蚧虫、蚜虫、蝉、沫蝉、叶蝉、角蝉及蜡蝉类昆虫与蝽类昆虫一起作为半翅目的成员对待。     

速足目主要类群系统发育的分子证据

文章基于速足目现生主要类群18S rDNA、28S rDNA和COI基因序列,采用贝叶斯法、邻接法和最大简约法,尝试构建速足目的分子系统树;结合形态特征和化石记录,主要对速足目各超科级分类阶元的系统发育关系进行探讨。结果表明,速足目现生超科Bairdiacea、Darwinulacea、Cypridacea和Cytheracea均为单系群,支持形态学上关于上述4个超科的的界定;3种基因均支持形态学上Darwinulacea和Cypridacea具有较近的亲缘关系的观点。18S rDNA序列分析在较显著水平上支持Darwinulacea和Bairdiacea为姐妹群,Darwinulacea可能从Bairdia-cea中的一支演化而来;Bairdiacea和Darwinulacea组成的分支是Cypridacea的姐妹群,支持将三者合并为Bairdio-copina亚目的观点;Cytheracea是Cypridacea(Darwinulacea Bairdiacea)的姐妹群,可提升为Cytheracopina亚目。     

水蛇亚科形态学特征的支序分析

水蛇亚科属于游蛇科，包含10个属。其中7个属为单型属。选取水蛇亚科14个形态学特征进行支序分析，并利用计算机软件Hennig 86对水蛇亚科中8个属之间的系统发育关系进行初步探讨，结果显示水蛇亚科分为两支：Gerarda和Fordonia两个属构成姊妹群，Cerberus、Erpeton和Homalopsis三个属也构成单系群，与Voris et al(2002)的分子系统树相同，但Cantoria属的地位则与Voris et al(2002)的明显不同。     

基于叶绿体基因组探讨桃金娘目及其近缘类群的系统发育关系

该研究基于叶绿体基因组数据,对桃金娘目(6科44属97种)及其近缘类群(牻牛儿苗目2科5属25种)的系统发育关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)桃金娘目基因组大小为152~171 kb,包括的蛋白质编码基因数目为74~90个;牻牛儿苗目基因组大小为116~242 kb,包括的蛋白质编码基因数目为75~132个。(2)对比叶绿体基因组序列和蛋白质编码基因所构建的系统发育树结果,在目间及牻牛儿苗目内差异显著,但在桃金娘目内基本一致。(3)基于蛋白质编码基因所构建的系统发育树表明,桃金娘目和牻牛儿苗目均为单系,为姐妹类群;桃金娘目内形成两个大支,桃金娘科、Vochysiaceae、野牡丹科形成一支,其中桃金娘科和Vochysiaceae关系较近是姐妹群,柳叶菜科、千屈菜科和使君子科形成另一支,其中柳叶菜科和千屈菜科关系较近为姐妹群;科级水平,桃金娘科、Vochysiaceae、野牡丹科、柳叶菜科、千屈菜科、使君子科和牻牛儿苗科均为单系(仅包括一个物种的科除外)。(4)支持将石榴属及菱属置于千屈菜科。(5)对蛋白质编码基因序列变异分析的结果表明,野牡丹科19个属的共享变异基因数目为53个,变异范围为5.84%~29.53%,桃金娘科9个属的共享变异基因数目为57个,其变异范围为1.31%~15.78%。该研究结果为进一步研究桃金娘目及相关科属的系统发育提供了理论依据。     

A preliminary phylogeny of the Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) based on nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial DNA sequences

Pentatomomorpha is the second suborder in size only to Cimicomorpha in Heteroptera. However, the phylogenetic relationships among members of the suborder are not well established. Sequences from partial nuclear ribosomal 18S gene and mitochondrial COX1 gene were analyzed separately and in combination to generate a preliminary molecular phylogeny of Pentatomomorpha based on 40 species representing 17 putative families. Analyses of the combined sequence data provided a better-resolved and more robust hypothesis of Pentatomomorpha phylogeny than did separate analyses of the individual genes. The phylogenies were mostly congruent with morphological studies. Results strongly supported the monophyly of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, and the placement of Aradoidea as sister to Trichophora. The monophyletic Trichophora was grouped into two major lineages, one being the superfamily Pentatomoidea, and the other comprising Lygaeoidea, Coreoidea, and Pyrrhocoroidea. The analysis of the ML and ME trees of combined dataset supported the monophyletic Pentatomoidea. In all analysis the Pyrrhocoroidea was polyphyletic; the monophyletic Lygaeoidea was supported only in the analysis of ME tree, and Coreoidea was polyphyletic except in the MP tree of combined dataset. The molecular and morphylogical data both indicated that the family Coreoidae should be revised subsequently. Our phylogenetic results suggested that the COX1 segment alone might not be an optimal molecular marker for the phylogeny of Pentatomomorpha.     

Higher‐level phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences

The higher‐level phylogeny of Pentatomomorpha, the second largest infraorder of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), which includes many important agriculture and forestry pests, has been debated for decades. To investigate the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha, we assembled new mitochondrial genomes for 46 species through next‐generation sequencing of pooled genomic DNA. Based on a much broader taxon sampling than available previously, Bayesian analyses using a site‐heterogeneous mixture model (CAT+GTR) resolved the higher‐level phylogeny of Pentatomomorpha as (Aradoidea + (Pentatomoidea + (Coreoidea + (Lygaeoidea + Pyrrhocoroidea)))). There was a transition from trnT/trnP to trnP/trnT in the common ancestor of Pyrrhocoroidea, which indicates that this gene rearrangement could be an autapomorphy for Pyrrhocoroidea. Divergence time analyses estimated that Pentatomomorpha originated c. 242 Ma in the Middle Triassic, and most of the recognized superfamilies originated during the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The diversification of families within Pentatomomorpha largely coincided with the radiation of angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous.     

淡水豚类线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因的序列变异及其分子系统学研究

淡水豚类４个代表属「白暨豚（Ｌｉｐｏｔｅｓ）、恒河豚（Ｐｌａｔａｎｉｓｔａ）、弗西豚（Ｐｏｎｔｏｐｏｒｉａ）和亚河豚（Ｉｎｉａ）」ｍｔＤＮＡ １２Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因的序列差异水平,高于其他齿鲸类科间的差异,特别是远远高于海豚总科内的科间差异。研究结果支持它们应归属于不同的科,即白暨豚科（Ｌｉｐｏｔｉｉｄａｅ）、恒河豚科（Ｐｌａｔａｎｉｓｔｉｄａｅ）、弗西豚科（Ｐｏｎｔｏｐｏｒｉｄａｅ）和亚河豚科（Ｉ     

Phylogeny of Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda) inferred from three rDNA sequences: implications for morphological evolution and superfamily classification

The infraorder Thalassinidea is a group of cryptic marine burrowing decapods of which the higher taxonomy is often contentious. The present analysis attempts to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship among 12 of the 13 currently recognized families using partial nuclear 18S, 28S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. The infraorder is divided into two distinct clades, with the first clade consisting of Thalassinidae, Laomediidae, Axianassidae and Upogebiidae, and the second clade including Axiidae, Calocarididae, Eiconaxiidae, Callianassidae, Ctenochelidae, Micheleidae, Strahlaxiidae and Callianideidae. Within the first clade, the Upogebiidae is the basal family. The Axianassidae shows low affinity to other laomediid genera indicating that it is a valid family. The interfamilial relationships are less well resolved in the second clade. The Axiidae is paraphyletic with respect to Calocarididae and Eiconaxiidae. Thus, the status of these two latter families is not supported if the currently defined Axiidae is maintained. All three families appear to be basal in the thalassinidean clade. The Micheleidae is closely related to the Callianideidae and they form a sister group to the Strahlaxiidae. The monophyletic Callianassidae aligns with the Micheleidae + Callianideidae + Strahlaxiidae clade. The relationship among the Axiidae + Calocarididae + Eiconaxiidae clade, Callianassidae + Micheleidae + Callianideidae + Strahlaxiidae clade and the Ctenochelidae cannot be resolved which might be due to a rapid radiation of the three lineages. Our results do not support the generally used classification scheme of Thalassinidea and suggest that the infraorder might be divided into two superfamilies instead of three as suggested based on larval morphology, second pereiopod morphology in adults and gastric mill structure. The two superfamilies are Thalassinoidea (i.e. Thalassinidae, Laomediidae, Upogebiidae and Axianassidae) and Callianassoidea (i.e. Axioidea + Callianassoidea, as defined in Martin and Davis (2001) but excluding Laomediidae and Upogebiidae). It also appears that gill‐cleaning adaptations are important in thalassinidean evolution while the presence of linea thalassinica is a result of parallel evolution.     

Diversity of symbiotic organs and bacterial endosymbionts of lygaeoid bugs of the families blissidae and lygaeidae (hemiptera: heteroptera: lygaeoidea)

Here we present comparative data on the localization and identity of intracellular symbionts among the superfamily Lygaeoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha). Five different lygaeoid species from the families Blissidae and Lygaeidae (sensu stricto; including the subfamilies Lygaeinae and Orsillinae) were analyzed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that all the bugs studied possess paired bacteriomes that are differently shaped in the abdomen and harbor specific endosymbionts therein. The endosymbionts were also detected in female gonads and at the anterior poles of developing eggs, indicating vertical transmission of the endosymbionts via ovarial passage, in contrast to the posthatch symbiont transmission commonly found among pentatomoid bugs (Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomoidea). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and groEL genes showed that the endosymbionts of Ischnodemus sabuleti, Arocatus longiceps, Belonochilus numenius, Orsillus depressus, and Ortholomus punctipennis constitute at least four distinct clades in the Gammaproteobacteria. The endosymbiont phylogeny did not agree with the host phylogeny based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, but there was a local cospeciating pattern within the subfamily Orsillinae. Meanwhile, the endosymbiont of Belonochilus numenius (Lygaeidae: Orsillinae), although harbored in paired bacteriomes as in other lygaeoid bugs of the related genera Nysius, Ortholomus, and Orsillus, was phylogenetically close to "Candidatus Rohrkolberia cinguli," the endosymbiont of Chilacis typhae (Lygaeoidea: Artheneidae), suggesting an endosymbiont replacement in this lineage. The diverse endosymbionts and the differently shaped bacteriomes may reflect independent evolutionary origins of the endosymbiotic systems among lygaeoid bugs.     

Molecular phylogeny of the Byrrhoidea–Buprestoidea complex (Coleoptera,Elateriformia)

The superfamilies of Elateriformia have been in a state of flux since their establishment. The recent classifications recognize Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea and Elateroidea. The most problematic part of the elateriform phylogeny is the monophyly of Byrrhoidea and the relationships of its families. To investigate these issues, we merged more than 500 newly produced sequences of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, rrnL mtDNA and cox1 mtDNA for 140 elateriform taxa with data from GenBank. We assembled an all‐taxa (488 terminals) and a pruned data set, which included taxa with full fragment representation (251 terminals); both were aligned in various programs and analysed using maximum‐likelihood criterion and Bayesian inference. Most analyses recovered monophyletic superfamilies and broadly similar relationships; however, we obtained limited statistical support for the backbone of trees. Dascilloidea were sister to the remaining Elateriformia, and Elateroidea were sister to the clade of byrrhoid lineages including Buprestoidea. This clade mostly consisted of four major lineages, that is (i) Byrrhidae, (ii) Dryopidae + Lutrochidae, (iii) Buprestoidea (Schizopodidae sister to Buprestidae) and (iv) a clade formed by the remaining byrrhoid families. Buprestoidea and byrrhoid lineages, with the exception of Byrrhidae and Dryopidae + Lutrochidae, were usually merged into a single clade. Most byrrhoid families were recovered as monophyletic. Callirhipidae and Eulichadidae formed independent terminal lineages within the Byrrhoidea–Buprestoidea clade. Paraphyletic Limnichidae were found in a clade with Heteroceridae and often also with Chelonariidae. Psephenidae, represented by Eubriinae and Eubrianacinae, never formed a monophylum. Ptilodactylidae were monophyletic only when Paralichas (Cladotominae) was excluded. Elmidae regularly formed a clade with a bulk of Ptilodactylidae; however, elmid subfamilies (Elminae and Larainae) were not recovered. Despite the densest sampling of Byrrhoidea diversity up to date, the results are not statistically supported and resolved only a limited number of relationships. Furthermore, questions arose which should be considered in the future studies on byrrhoid phylogeny.     

Phylogenetic relationships among six vetigastropod subgroups (Mollusca, Gastropoda) based on 18S rDNA sequences

Complete 18S rDNA sequences were determined for 10 vetigastropods in order to investigate the phylogeny of Vetigastropoda, which is controversial. These sequences were analyzed together with published sequences for nine other vetigastropods and two nerites. With the two nerites as outgroups, the phylogeny was inferred by three analytical methods, neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony. The 18S rDNA sequence data support the monophyly of four vetigastropod superfamilies, the Pleurotomarioidea, the Fissurelloidea, the Haliotoidea, and the Trochoidea. The present results yield the new branching order: (Pleurotomarioidea (Fissurelloidea ((Scissurelloidea, Lepetodriloidea) (Haliotoidea, Trochoidea)))) within the vetigastropod clade.     

Molecular systematics of caridean shrimps based on five nuclear genes: Implications for superfamily classification

Caridean shrimps are the second most diverse group of Decapoda. Over the years, several different systematic classifications, exclusively based on morphology, have been proposed, but the classification of the infraorder Caridea remains unresolved. In this study, five nuclear genes, 18S rRNA, enolase, histone 3, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and sodium–potassium ATPase α-subunit, were used to examine the systematic status of caridean families and superfamilies. We constructed gene trees based on a combined dataset of 3819 bp, containing 35 caridean species from 19 families in 11 superfamilies. At the family level, and based on our restricted representation, our molecular data support monophyly of the families Glyphocrangonidae, Crangonidae, Pandalidae, Alpheidae, Rhynchocinetidae, Nematocarcinidae, Pasiphaeidae, Atyidae and Stylodactylidae. In contrast, both the Hippolytidae and Palaemonidae are polyphyletic in our analysis. Two major clades are revealed. The Alpheidae, Hippolytidae, Crangonidae, Glyphocrangonidae, Barbouriidae, Pandalidae, Hymenoceridae, Gnathophyllidae and Palaemonidae make up the first clade, while the second clade comprises the Rhynchocinetidae, Oplophoridae, Nematocarcinidae, Alvinocarididae, Campylonotidae, Pasiphaeidae and Eugonatonotidae. Two families, Bathypalaemonellidae and Stylodactylidae, are shown to be basal groups in our tree. At the superfamily level, our results do not support the currently accepted superfamily classification, although there is support for a superfamily Palaemonoidea, though only three out of its eight families are included. The results suggest that the currently accepted superfamily classification of the Caridea does not reflect their evolutionary relationships. A major revision of the higher systematics of Caridea appears thus to be vital, ideally incorporating both molecular and morphological evidence.