氨基酸自动分析仪对甘肃鼢鼠骨骼中氨基酸含量的测定

本文用氨基酸自动分析仪对甘肃鼢鼠骨骼中氨基酸含量进行测定,结果表明:甘肃鼢鼠骨骼中各种氨基酸含量均较高,其中药用价值高的羟脯氨酸含量高于其他氨基酸。     

塞隆骨和虎骨的羟脯氨酸含量分析比较

用改良的Woessner第Ⅰ法测定和比较了塞隆骨和虎骨的L 4 羟脯氨酸的含量。结果表明 :原药材中羟脯氨酸含量塞隆骨略低于虎骨 ,但在水煎液干膏部分L 4 羟脯氨酸含量塞隆骨高于虎骨 ,这为塞隆骨与虎骨的药用价值比较提供了成份实验依据     

甘肃鼢鼠骨骼13种微量元素测定

对甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)骨骼中Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Ni、Co、Mo、Cd、As、Pb、F、Al等13种微量元素进行了测定。结果表明,甘肃鼢鼠全骨中13种元素含量依次为Al>Fe>Zn>F>Mn>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Co>Ni>Mo>Cd;同一元素在不同骨骼分布不均,头骨最丰富,除Zn、Mn外,同一元素在不同部位骨骼的含量存在显著差异;13种微量元素之间的相关性,Zn-Pb、Mn-Cd、As-Pb3组呈显著负相关(0.01相似文献   

甘肃鼢鼠骨骼5种常量无机元素测定

用原子吸收分光光度计、可见光分光光度计对甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)骨骼中Ca、K、Na、Mg、P 5种常量无机元素作了测定。结果表明,甘肃鼢鼠骨骼中5种元素含量依次为Ca>P>K>Na>Mg,Ca含量维持较高水平;同一元素在不同部位骨骼的含量存在差异,部分含量差异显著,5种元素总量在不同部位骨骼的分布顺序为:后肢骨>前肢骨>脊柱;根据甘肃鼢鼠骨骼Ca与P比值推断二者主要以羟基磷灰石形式存在。     

高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔骨骼无机化学成分的研究Ⅰ.常量元素

本文对高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔骨骼中的无机常量元素K、N a、Ca、M g、P 和A l 进行了比较分析。研究结果表明, 高原鼢鼠骨骼中Ca、P、A l 的含量极显著地高于高原鼠兔(P <0.01) ,K 含量高原鼢鼠极显著地低于高原鼠兔(P < 0.001) , N a 和M g 的含量两者间无显著差异(P > 0.05) ; 骨骼各部位元素总量的分布顺序为: 高原鼢鼠下肢骨> 头骨> 脊柱; 高原鼠兔头骨> 下肢骨> 脊柱。15个元素对中, 大部分元素之间线性相关非常显著, 其中高原鼢鼠10对呈显著的线性相关, 高原鼠兔13对呈显著相关。     

高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔骨骼无机化学成分的研究Ⅱ.必需微量元素

本文报道了高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔整体骨骼及头骨、脊柱骨和下肢骨中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｆ、Ｓｅ和Ｇｅ１２种必需微量元素的含量,并进行了显著性差异和相关性分析。结果表明：只有Ｃｕ的含量在两种动物骨骼中没有显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,其余１１种元素均有显著性或极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）,其中Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｆ和Ｓｅ的含量,高原鼢鼠＞高原鼠兔,而Ｃｒ、Ｔｉ和Ｇｅ的含量,高原鼠兔＞高原鼢鼠。微量元素在头骨、脊柱骨和下肢骨中分布很不均衡,以头骨的微量元素最为丰富     

高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔骨骼无机化学成分的研究I.常量元素

本文以高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔骨骼中的无机常量元素Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ和Ａ进行了比较分析。研究结果表明,高原鼢鼠骨骼中心Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ａｌ的含量极显著地高于高原鼠兔（Ｐ〈０．０１）,Ｋ含量高原鼢鼠极显著地低于高原鼠兔（Ｐ〈０．００１）,Ｎａ和Ｍｇ的含理两者间无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）;骨骼各部位元素总量的分布顺序为：高原鼢鼠下肢骨〉头骨〉脊柱;高原鼠兔头骨〉下肢骨〉脊柱。１５个元素对中,大部分元素之间线     

甘肃鼢鼠种群年龄的研究

本文根据甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)头骨无机盐含量与其已知年龄大小存在的正相关系, 采用头骨干重作为划分该种年龄的指标,并选择体重、体长、头骨颅全长及额宽检验头骨干重鉴定年龄的可靠性。结果表明：头干重是鉴定甘肃鼢鼠年龄的较为准确的可行指标。     

急性低氧应激下甘肃鼢鼠与SD大鼠血清儿茶酚胺类激素含量比较

利用酶标记技术,测定了人工模拟急性低氧状态下,不同时程低氧暴露组的甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalaxcansus)与SD大鼠(Rattus norregicus)血清儿茶酚胺类激素含量。结果表明,常氧状态下SD大鼠血清儿茶酚胺含量显著高于甘肃鼢鼠(P0.05),甘肃鼢鼠及SD大鼠血清儿茶酚胺和去甲肾上腺素含量在急性低氧初始阶段(0.5～4.0 h)均呈上升趋势,其他时程组二者无显著差异(P0.05)。SD大鼠在低氧应激6.0 h后血清儿茶酚胺和去甲肾上腺素含量急剧下降,并在低氧6.5～7.0 h死亡,甘肃鼢鼠血清内2种激素的含量随低氧时程加大而呈现增高趋势,未出现死亡现象,说明甘肃鼢鼠对低氧环境有较强的适应性。     

口服补钙对甘肃鼢鼠钙磷代谢的影响

利用原子吸收分光光度计、可见光分光光度计、全自动生化分析仪测定了2007年4～5月捕获的甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)补钙组(n=7)和对照组(n=7)股骨钙、磷含量,血浆钙、磷浓度,分析口服补钙对甘肃鼢鼠钙、磷代谢的影响,初步探讨甘肃鼢鼠钙、磷吸收机制。结果表明,甘肃鼢鼠补钙后股骨钙、磷含量明显增加(P0.05),血浆钙、磷浓度无明显变化(P0.05),股骨钙、磷含量与钙、磷摄入总量显著正相关(P0.01),呈不饱和趋势,股骨钙、磷含量与血浆钙、磷浓度呈不显著负相关(P0.05)。说明甘肃鼢鼠骨骼对钙、磷有较高储留能力,推测甘肃鼢鼠对钙、磷的吸收可能是非依赖VD3的被动吸收途径。     

盐度对凡纳滨对虾体组织蛋白质积累、氨基酸组成和转氨酶活性的影响

本文研究了低、中和高三个盐度水平(分别为3‰、17‰和32‰)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)各组织蛋白质的积累、肌肉谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力、肌肉总氨基酸和游离氨基酸组成和含量的影响。结果显示,经过50d不同盐度水平的试验,低盐度组对虾的肝胰腺和血淋巴中可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于中、高盐度组(p<0.05),而肌肉中可溶性蛋白质含量在各处理组间无显著性差异;低、高盐度均导致肌肉中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力升高,但是各处理间的差异不显著;低、高盐度组凡纳滨对虾肌肉总氨基酸和总必需氨基酸含量均显著高于中盐度组(p<0.05),中、低盐度处理组非必需氨基酸含量差异不显著,而低盐度组对虾肌肉中蛋氨酸、丝氨酸、半胱氨酸和脯氨酸含量均显著低于中盐度组(p<0.05),其中脯氨酸为常见的5种主要渗透调节氨基酸之一;低、高盐度组对虾肌肉总游离氨基酸含量显著高于中盐度组(p<0.05),而盐度对机体绝大部分肌肉游离氨基酸含量的影响不显著(p>0.05)。结果显示,当环境盐度偏离凡纳滨对虾最适生长盐度时,其可通过在肝胰腺和血淋巴蛋白质积累及提高自身转氨酶活力,来获得机体在渗透调节供能时所需的氨基酸,而这些氨基酸以脯氨酸为主。     

Role of mutational bias and natural selection on genome-wide nucleotide bias in prokaryotic organisms

Correlations between genomic GC contents and amino acid frequencies were studied in the homologous sequences of 12 eubacterial genomes. Results show that amino acids encoded by GC-rich codons increases significantly with genomic GC contents, whereas opposite trend was observed in case of amino acids encoded by GC-poor codons. Further studies show all the amino acids do not change in the predicted direction according to their genomic GC pressure, suggesting that protein evolution is not entirely dictated by their nucleotide frequencies. Amino acid substitution matrix calculated among hydrophobic, amphipathic and hydrophilic amino acid groups' shows that amphipathic and hydrophilic amino acids are more frequently substituted by hydrophobic amino acids than from hydrophobic to hydrophilic or amphipathic amino acids. This indicates that nucleotide bias induces a directional changes in proteome composition in such a way that underwent strong changes in hydropathy values. In fact, significant increases in hydrophobicity values have also been observed with the increase of genomic GC contents. Correlations between GC contents and amino acid compositions in three different predicted protein secondary structures show that hydropathy values increases significantly with GC contents in aperiodic and helix structures whereas strand structure remains insensitive with the genomic GC levels. The relative importance of mutation and selection on the evolution of proteins have been discussed on the basis of these results.     

云南丽江人参、西洋参的氨基酸营养

本试验对云南丽江人参、西洋参的氨基酸含量进行了分析,并与吉林人参及西洋参的氨基酸含量进行比较。结果表明,两地人参、西洋参的总氨基酸含量稍有差异,但碱性、中性、酸性氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占百分比的高低基本一致。     

商品鹿鞭中氨基酸含量比较

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定不同品种与产地的9份鹿鞭药材中氨基酸成分的种类及含量。这9份样品中均含17种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸6种。17种氨基酸中以甘氨酸含量最高,必需氨基酸中亮氨酸含量最高;比较不同样品的含量,以辽宁西丰的梅花鹿鞭的总氨基酸含量最高,黑龙江梅花鹿鞭的必需氨基酸含量最高。结论为不同产地鹿鞭中氨基酸含量有一定差异,该方法可用于鹿鞭药材的质量评价。     

稻田温室气体减排措施对稻米氨基酸含量的影响

为探索稻田中温室气体减排措施对稻米氨基酸含量的影响,用10个不同方法对双季稻田进行处理,并使用高效液相色谱分别测定了各处理稻田中所产稻米中的16种氨基酸的含量,其中色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax AAA分析柱,柱前衍生使用邻苯二甲醛(OPA)和9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯(FMOC-CL)为衍生试剂。结果发现:1)10个处理中的稻米16种氨基酸种类齐全,施氮肥+添加生物质炭48 t/hm2+间歇灌溉(NPK+HBC+IF)处理中所得氨基酸总量为6520.7 mg/100g,效果最佳;对照组处理(不施加氮肥+无稻草还田+间歇灌溉)所得氨基酸含量4338.0 mg/100g为最低。以对照组处理所得必需氨基酸百分含量36.8%为最高值;无稻草还田+长期淹水(NPK+CF)处理方法所得必需氨基酸百分含量33.1%为最低值。10个处理中16种氨基酸中含量较高的氨基酸均为天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸,含量最低的均为甲硫氨酸;2)施氮肥量相同时,长期淹水与间歇灌溉相比,氨基酸总量增加185.1 mg/100g,非必需氨基酸百分含量增加3%,谷氨酸、组氨酸和丝氨酸含量明显升高,但亮氨酸含量显著降低;3)施用氮肥能提高稻米中的氨基酸含量,且随着氮肥使用量的增加,氨基酸含量也随之增加,组氨酸含量增加显著;4)供氮量相同时,添加猪粪使氨基酸总含量升高了286.0 mg/100g,此结果表明,在供氮量相同的情况下,施用猪粪更有利于稻米氨基酸含量的提高;5)灌溉模式相同时,稻草还田配施氮肥对必需氨基酸和氨基酸总量均有提高,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和组氨酸的含量增加较多,甲硫氨酸含量略有下降;随着稻草还田量的增加,对非必需氨基酸影响较为明显;当稻草半量还田(还田量为3 t/hm2)时,稻米中氨基酸总量增加最多;稻草全量还田+长期淹水(NPK+HRS+CF)与稻草半量还田+间歇灌溉(NPK+LRS+IF)处理中的氨基酸含量基本接近,但必需氨基酸含量前者略高于后者,说明稻草还田与水肥管理对氨基酸含量影响可能存在交互作用;6)添加生物质炭配施氮肥提高了稻米必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量,且随着生物质炭添加量的增加而增加;与稻草还田、添加猪粪处理相比,生物质炭的添加对氨基酸总含量提升的效果最为显著,对稻田实际生产具有指导意义且具有一定的环境效益。     

Effect of coordinated addition of specific amino acids on the synthesis of recombinant glucose isomerase

The amplified expression of a recombinant protein is known to lead to an intracellular depletion of specific amino acid pools which in turn may affect the production of the desired protein. In order to counteract and overcome such a situation during the fermentation of the recombinant Escherichia coli (PMSG27) containing the glucose isomerase (GI) gene from Streptomyces sp. NCIM 2730, the effect of addition of different amino acids on the specific activity of GI was studied. The amino acid composition of GI from Streptomyces sp. NCIM 2730 reveals predominantly aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine; therefore, in the present paper, the effect of coordinated addition of the assorted combinations of these three amino acids on the synthesis of recombinant GI was studied. The results were analyzed using a 2³ factorial design. The following conclusions were derived from the analysis of two-factor interactions of the three amino acids: (i) The interaction between the aspartic and glutamic acid is independent of aspartic acid concentration but is affected by the increasing concentrations of glutamic acid, (ii) The effect of aspartic acid concentration is more than that of glycine, and (iii) During the interaction of glutamic acid and glycine, the effect of glutamic acid is more prominent than that of glycine. The three-factor interaction analyses reveal that the effect of the three amino acids is in the order aspartic acid > glutamic acid > glycine.     

香菇蛋白质氨基酸的分析

分析结果表明,香菇的菌柄与菌盖中蛋白质氨基酸均为18种,缺少谷氨酰胺(Gln)和天冬酰胺(Asn),其中,含量最高的是谷氨酸(菌柄为11.03 mg/gDW,菌盖为12.57 mg/gDW)。菌盖与菌柄均含必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸10种,其中精氨酸含量(菌柄为10.73 mg/gDW,菌盖为11.84 mg/gDW)。必需氨基酸的含量十分接近于非必需氨基酸的含量(比率为1.00∶1.04),无论总氨基酸含量还是必需氨基酸含量,菌盖中的皆略高于菌柄中的。     

黑龙江林蛙不同部位中氨基酸的含量分析

采用茚三酮柱后衍生-氨基酸分析法,对黑龙江林蛙油、卵、皮中17种氨基酸的组成和含量进行测定。结果显示黑龙江林蛙油、卵、皮均含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量分别为356.5 mg.g-1,525.1 mg.g-1,752.5 mg.g-1,其中必需氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的46.06%,38.89%,33.33%。通过对黑龙江林蛙油、卵、皮中氨基酸含量的对比分析,表明林蛙油中氨基酸的营养价值最高。     

Co-ordination of leaf minor amino acid contents in crop species: significance and interpretation

The question of whether general control of amino acid synthesis exists in plants remains to be resolved. It is not known whether there is overall co-ordination of the biosynthesis of amino acids that are formed through distinct pathways. In this work, amino acid contents were measured in a large number of samples taken from wheat, potato and barley leaves under different photosynthetic conditions. The variability in total soluble amino acid contents between samples was approximately 6-fold in wheat and potato. Subtracting the major amino acids from the total soluble amino acids showed that the variability in summed minor amino acid contents was approximately 20-fold. This variability was not correlated with short-term changes in primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and only poorly correlated with total leaf amino acids. By contrast, striking linear relationships between the contents of most minor amino acids were observed, demonstrating that the contents of many minor amino acids vary in concert. These observations show that amino acid contents are co-ordinated across biosynthetic families. While these data might be interpreted as an indication of cross-pathway regulation of the expression of key biosynthetic enzymes, the impact of factors such as protein degradation and storage cannot be ignored.     

花馔及其氨基酸营养

应用日立835 50型高效氨基酸自动分析仪,对十五种常见食用花卉干样进行了水解蛋白氢基酸成分测定,结果发现:①花馔中酸水解蛋白氨的基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸含量较高,占食用干物质的6.00—29.45％。②花馔中人体必需氨基酸含量丰富,占总氨基酸含量的29.50—42.60％。尤以亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸含量为高。③花馔中甜、鲜类氨基酸含量也较高,分别占总氨基酸的25.94—39.89％,23.35—33.38％,花馔是兼有营养、颜色、美味的天然食物,值得人类利用。