驱虫斑鸠菊注射液治疗白癜风的作用机制研究

探讨驱虫斑鸠菊(VW)注射液治疗白癜风的作用机制。进行以下实验探讨VW对小鼠免疫功能的影响:淋巴细胞转化试验测定小鼠脾T、B细胞增殖活性;脾细胞介导羊红细胞定量溶血分光光度法测定B细胞生成抗体活性,流式细胞法测定B细胞上CD19表达活性;迟发型超敏反应(DTH)试验测定T细胞活性、眼3H演-TdR掺入法测定T细胞分泌IL-2活性等。用酶学方法研究VW对小鼠体内酪氨酸酶的作用。用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应技术检测酪氨酸酶基因表达活性。结果表明,VW可以明显抑制小鼠体内T、B细胞的增殖反应(P<0.01);对绵羊红细胞(SRBC)诱导的正常小鼠脾脏抗体形成细胞活性、CD19B细胞亚类表达、小鼠DTH反应和T细胞分泌IL-2活性也具有明显的抑制作用,这些抑制作用与药物浓度有一定的剂量效应关系。VW还可以提高小鼠血清酪氨酸酶活性,增强酪氨酸酶基因的表达。以上结果说明,VW可抑制小鼠免疫功能,可以从转录水平增强酪氨酸酶活性,进而促进黑素合成。     

玛咖醇提物对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文采用小鼠碳粒廓清、植物血凝素(PHA)诱导淋巴细胞转化,以及血清溶血素和抗体生成细胞测定等实验,研究南美植物玛咖的乙醇提取物对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,玛咖醇提物显著提高PHA诱导的淋巴细胞转化,促进血清溶血素生成,并增加抗体生成细胞的产生,而对单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能无显著影响。因此,玛咖醇提取物可提高正常小鼠细胞和体液免疫功能,增强机体抵抗力。     

戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物对放射损伤小鼠体液免疫的作用

为了研究戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物对γ射线辐射损伤小鼠的脾细胞产生抗羊红细胞抗体、血清溶血素水平、淋巴细胞增殖等的影响,以＾６０Ｃｏ γ射线放射损伤小鼠为动物模型,采用脾细胞ＳＲＢＣ溶血反应（ＱＨＳ）比色法测定脾细胞产生抗羊红细胞抗体,溶血素测定（ＨＣ５０）比色法测定血清溶血素水平,ＭＴＴ比色法测定淋巴细胞增殖。结果表明在一定剂量条件下,戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物可以恢复γ射线辐射损伤小鼠脾细胞产生抗ＳＲＢＣ抗体的能力和血清溶血素的水平,同时也能够恢复脾Ｂ淋巴细胞的增殖能力和脾淋巴细胞数目。因此我们初步认为戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物对放射损伤小鼠体液免疫具有保护作用。     

连翘酯苷对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞体外增殖与分泌功能的影响

目的分析连翘酯苷（FS）对小鼠脾脏T和B淋巴细胞增殖、分泌NO和TNF-α的影响,初步探讨其免疫调节作用机制。方法无菌操作分离小鼠脾脏,制备脾脏细胞并用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培养,在培养液中分别加入刺激剂刀豆蛋白（ConA）和脂多糖（LPS）以及不同浓度40、80、160μg/mL的FS共培养不同时间,采用MTT法检测T和B淋巴细胞的吸光度变化,ELISA和Griess法分别检测细胞分泌TNF-α和NO的水平。结果低浓度和中浓度FS对ConA诱导T淋巴细胞24 h和48 h后细胞增殖和存活率明显提高,诱导时间延长至72 h后FS明显抑制细胞转化;低浓度FS对LPS诱导脾脏B淋巴细胞24 h后细胞增殖和生存率显著提高;FS促进小鼠脾脏T和B淋巴细胞分泌NO;FS促进B淋巴细胞分泌TNF-α,中浓度FS促进T淋巴细胞分泌TNF-α而高浓度反而抑制其分泌。此外,FS对环磷酰胺（CY）处理小鼠的脾脏淋巴细胞体外增殖有明显影响,对细胞NO分泌影响不显著。结论结果提示FS可能通过影响小淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子分泌而调节免疫细胞功能。     

小麦肽对受环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节及抗氧化功能

本研究旨在分析小麦蛋白活性肽对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化功能的调节作用。小鼠灌胃小麦肽10d,第8天用环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制,测定血清溶血素、抗体生成细胞含量、脾细胞增殖、体外腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力、肝脏抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及血清清除DPPH和·OH的能力。实验结果表明,环磷酰胺处理显著的降低了小鼠血清中抗SRBC抗体(溶血素HC50)水平和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;同时伴随着肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、过氧化氢酶活力(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的降低和MDA含量的提高。给小鼠灌胃小麦肽可以恢复HC50和脾细胞增殖,显著提高抗体生成细胞含量和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力;此外,小麦肽增强了小鼠血清清除DPPH和清除·OH的能力。以上结果表明,小麦肽可以调节应激状态引起的机体抗氧化体系紊乱及免疫功能的降低。这可能与小麦肽缓冲自由基生成、激活腹腔巨噬细胞和脾淋巴细胞活性有关。     

驱虫斑鸠菊对小鼠免疫分子的影响

探讨驱虫斑鸠菊对小鼠免疫功能的影响,揭示其免疫作用机理。利用[^3H]-TdR参入法测定驱虫斑鸠菊对小鼠体内免疫功能的影响,运用酶联免疫吸附实验测定驱虫斑鸠菊对小鼠B淋巴细胞分泌抗体功能的影响;采用流式细胞测定方法测定CD19B细胞亚类表达水平;采用[^3H]-TdR参入法利用CTLL－2细胞株测定T淋巴细胞分泌IL－2活性。结果驱虫斑鸠菊的低、中、高三个剂量对体内T、B淋巴细胞的增殖活性、血清总抗体和抗原特异性抗体含量、CD19B细胞亚类表达均有明显的抑制作用,对T淋巴细胞分泌IL－2活性也具有明显抑制作用。说明驱虫斑鸠菊对机体体液免疫和细胞免疫功能都具有明显抑制作用。     

杨梅素对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能影响CSCD

黄酮类化合物杨梅素(myricetin,MYR)具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化等多种药理作用,但在免疫调节方面的作用尚未完全了解,因此本实验通过建立环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CTX)免疫低下小鼠模型来研究MYR对免疫功能的影响。通过称重小鼠脾脏和胸腺以及计算指数评价MYR对模型小鼠症状的缓解程度,用MTT法、溶血试验、酶联免疫吸附法等免疫学相关实验技术检测T、B淋巴细胞增殖,T细胞亚群分布情况,血清溶血素含量,抗体形成细胞数以及细胞因子白介素-2、白介素-4、白介素-6、干扰素-γ的分泌水平。实验数据表明,MYR能提高小鼠免疫器官脾脏、胸腺指数,促进T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的分泌,提高细胞因子水平和抗体形成细胞数量。结果表明MYR能在免疫反应中起积极作用,调节免疫细胞和细胞因子之间的相互作用恢复机体免疫力的平衡,改善免疫力低下的症状。     

甲状腺激素对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

正常昆明种成年小鼠每天给予一定量的甲状腺激素可使其抗体生成能力、淋巴细胞转化能力、迟发型超敏反应和巨噬细胞的吞噬功能明显增强,外周血成熟 T 细胞数量亦明显增加。而每天给予抗甲状腺药物则使其抗体生成能力、淋巴细胞转化能力和迟发型超敏反应明显降低。切除甲状腺亦使抗体生成能力下降。这些结果提示甲状腺激素参与免疫功能的生理性调节。     

医学分子遗传学第七讲免疫系统疾病分子遗传学

免疫系统是人体的主要防御系统。免疫系统由许多来自不同克隆的淋巴细胞所组成。淋巴细胞可分为两种类型：B细胞和T的,它的主要功能是制造抗体。抗体是在外来抗原作用于B细胞后所产生的,它可以专一性地识别相应的特定抗原。T细胞是由胸腺产生的,它在免疫系统中起细胞介导的作用。T细胞的功能是多方面的。它能产生T细胞受体。丁细胞受体是一类蛋白质,它能为由B细胞产生的抗体提供直接的模板。     

半夏泻心汤对束缚应激小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究半夏泻心汤对束缚应激小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法小鼠随机分为对照组、束缚模型组、低浓度半夏泻心汤组、中浓度半夏泻心汤组和高浓度半夏泻心汤组5组,束缚7 d后测定各组巨噬细胞的吞噬指数、外周血T淋巴细胞数量和抗体生成细胞IgM的分泌量.结果束缚模型组各指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);半夏泻心汤各浓度组均可显著升...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.