玉米细菌性枯萎病菌改良Dot-ELISA检测研究

通过激光切割技术加工出硝酸纤维素膜小圆片并粘贴在已打孔的塑料胶条上,制成包含8个圆片的NCM条(NCM test strip),进一步在NCM条上建立了玉米细菌性枯萎病菌的Dot-ELISA检测方法.研究发现,在NCM圆片上的Dot-ELISA检测灵敏度与点样量密切相关,采用10 μL/点的加样量比通常的1 μL/点可提高检测灵敏度10-100倍;间接Dot-ELISA的检测灵敏度是双抗夹心dot-ELISA的10倍,该结果进一步在微孔板ELISA的检测中得到证实.玉米细菌性枯萎病菌的改良Dot-ELISA检测是一种较为灵敏、快速、稳定、规范的实验方法,为进一步研究该病菌的微流控芯片斑点免疫检测方法奠定了前期工作基础.     

人破伤风类毒素免疫血浆筛选试验中两种抗体检测方法的比较

应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)和间接血凝法(IHA)对1014份破伤风类毒素全程免疫后人血浆进行抗体水平检测,比较两者的收浆率、收浆符合率以及与动物实验的相关性。结果表明两者收浆率均达80%。ELISA法与IHA法的合格浆符合率达92%,与动物实验的相关性更好。ELISA法操作简便快速,结果判读客观明确,优于传统的IHA法,可作为人破伤风类毒素免疫血浆筛选的常规方法。     

基于抑菌活性的ε-聚赖氨酸的微孔板生物检测法

基于ε-聚赖氨酸的抑菌活性,以96微孔板为平台,建立适合大规模样品快速分析的微孔板生物检测法。结果表明,藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)为最适敏感指示菌,当敏感指示菌初始浓度为107-108 CFU/mL,培养时间为4 h时,ε-聚赖氨酸浓度在100.00-500.00 mg/L范围内与抑菌率呈较显著的线性关系(R2=0.997 5)。该方法不仅表现出良好的精密度和准确度,与HPLC和甲基橙法的实验结果对比,微孔板生物检测法的相对标准偏差(RSD)和相对偏差(RD)分别小于3.5%和3.0%,说明该方法是一种与HPLC法有类似分析精度,但能直接反映样品的抑菌活性,且更适合大规模样品快速检测的方法,可用于发酵过程中ε-聚赖氨酸产量的检测和突变株的高通量筛选。     

精子肽的固相合成及应用初探

目的 :探讨将多肽固相合成技术用于检测抗精子抗体的ELISA试剂盒制备。方法 :以多肽固相合成法合成特异性精子肽 ,并经高效液相纯化分析及质谱分析。以此合成精子肽包板制备检测抗精子抗体的ELISA试剂盒 ,检测血清标本的AsAb。结果 :HPLC结果显示 ,合成的精子肽纯度达 98.26%;质谱分析结果主峰分子质量与理论值一致。采用合成多肽抗原建立了检测抗精子抗体的酶联免疫吸附测定方法 ;不明原因不育患者组与对照组间AsAb发生率呈非常显著差异(P <0,005 )。结论 :本固相合成法可获得高纯度特异性精子肽 ;该精子肽包板的ELISA试剂盒可靠简便。     

19-去甲睾酮免疫学检测方法的筛选和优化

目的:19-去甲睾酮列为运动员和动物竞技比赛中的违禁药品,也禁止其以促进生长为目的在食源性动物生产中使用,该文研究其免疫学快速检测方法的筛选.方法:间接ELISA检测不同免疫时间对效价的影响,间接竞争ELISA研究阿源和异源性检测对抗体灵敏度的影响,不同孵育时间选择最佳检测方案.结果:NT-17-BSA为完全抗原制备兔多克隆抗体,以NT-3-OVA为包被原进行异源性ELISA检测,结果表明五免后可制备出高效价的NT pAb(1:25600),并获得最灵敏的IC50值(18ng/mL).同时,37℃条件下,2h包板和1h封闭的孵育方案获得最理想的吸光度值.结论:该研究所建立的检测方法可应用于19-去甲睾酮免疫学快速检测试剂盒的研制.     

肺炎支原体ELISA检测试剂盒的临床应用

目的评价肺炎支原体ELISA检测试剂盒在临床应用的效果。方法用肺炎支原体ELISA检测试剂盒检测呼吸道感染患儿的咽拭子标本,并以肺炎支原体快速检测培养基试剂做同步盲法对照试验,分析该试剂盒的准确性及批内、批间产品的稳定性。结果在100例呼吸道感染患儿咽拭子标本中,肺炎支原体ELISA检测法阳性率为38%,肺炎支原体快速检测培养基法阳性率为37%,两种方法阳性结果符合率为97%。同步盲法试验结果显示,肺炎支原体ELISA检测试剂盒批内、批间产品阳性结果的一致率均为100%。结论该试剂盒具有较好的准确度和特异性,并且操作简便、快速,临床可推广应用。     

硫酸-咔唑微孔板法检测肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖中糖醛酸含量

目的利用微孔板检测肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖中糖醛酸含量,并对该方法进行验证及初步应用。方法以微孔板为反应容器,对常规硫酸-咔唑法的咔唑质量浓度和加热时间进行优化;并对建立的方法进行线性范围、精密度以及准确度的验证及初步应用。结果最佳的咔唑质量浓度为0.10 mg/m L,加热时间为20 min。标准品D-葡萄糖醛酸在4~40μg/m L范围内,其质量浓度与校正后吸光值呈良好的线性关系,r2>0.99;批内及批间CV值分别为1.54%~3.02%及4.53%~7.75%;加入5μg/m L、10μg/m L、20μg/m LD-葡萄糖醛酸的8-160502、9V-160102、22F-160103荚膜多糖,D-葡萄糖醛酸的回收率为92.21%~110.47%。微孔板法校正前与常规方法在测定肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖中糖醛酸含量时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与校正后结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。微孔板法测定分子质量分布与常规方法有较好的一致性。结论硫酸-咔唑微孔板法可有效检测肺炎球菌荚膜多糖中糖醛酸含量,操作简便快捷,精密度和准确度良好,可用于肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖疫苗的质量控制。     

瓜类果斑病菌的检测与防治进展

瓜类果斑病菌可引起西瓜、甜瓜等葫芦科植物患病,可通过种子远距离传播,是一种常见的瓜类采后果实腐烂的病原菌。该病害具有发病迅速、传播速度快等特点,一旦感染会对瓜类产量带来巨大损失,因而田间病菌的检测与诊断及早期预防十分重要。本文系统地综述了国内外瓜类果斑病菌的免疫学检测方法、分子生物学检测方法及防治等研究进展。     

大豆花叶病毒种子传毒率测定方法的比较

用苗期症状观察和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)两种方法检查了大豆种子内的大豆花叶病毒(sMV)的传毒率及带毒率,并对两种方法所得的结果进行了比较。带毒大豆种子产生的病苗,其症状主要有花叶、卷叶、叶脉束状、叶脉坏死、凸斑和单叶扭曲等类型。苗期症状观察得到的种子传毒率,与用ELISA法检查去种皮大豆种子的带毒率高度吻合,相关系数r=0.92(n=31),说明此两种方法检查种子传(带)毒率具有相同的生物学和病理学意义。 本文提出了种子“群体病毒浓度”的概念。“群体病毒浓度”=群体内病毒总量/群体内种子总数。38个处理组合和3,591粒种子逐粒用ELISA法检查表明,“群体病毒浓度”与该群体的种子传毒率呈正相关,r=0.93(n=38)。将种子群体作为一个整体用ELISA法检查的结果也证明,“群体病毒浓度”与种子传毒率呈直线相关。因此认为可以用ELISA法对种子群体直接进行测定来估计种子的传毒率。     

纳米磁性颗粒标记的免疫层析法定量检测人绒毛膜促性腺激素

目的:应用纳米磁性颗粒标记的免疫层析法研制用于早孕检测的快速定量层析试纸条。方法:应用EDC/NHS法标记纳米磁珠、Biodot喷膜仪喷点NC膜、双抗体加心法建立免疫层析试纸条、对磁信号进行检测并与ELISA实验做对比,并对结果进行评价。结果:建立了HCG纳米磁性免疫层析试纸条,检测到底线为1miu/ml的HCG抗原,检测灵敏度达到了同类产品ELISA分析法的标准;用此方法与商品化免疫胶体金试纸条对临床样本进行检测,检测符合率达99%,与ELISA法比较符合率达100%,且检测时间控制在5min以内。结论:该方法简单快速,灵敏度高,不仅可以应用于HCG的检测,同时为体内极微量抗原抗体的快速检测建立了新模式。     

Reclassification of subspecies of Acidovorax avenae as A. Avenae (Manns 1905) emend., A. cattleyae (Pavarino, 1911) comb. nov., A. citrulli Schaad et al., 1978) comb. nov., and proposal of A. oryzae sp. nov

The bacterium Acidovorax avenae causes disease in a wide range of economically important monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, including corn, rice, watermelon, anthurium, and orchids. Genotypic and phenotypic relatedness among strains of phytopathogenic A. avenae subsp. avenae, A. avenae subsp. citrulli, A. avenae subsp. cattleyae and A. konjaci, as well as all other Acidovorax species, including A. facilis, the type strain of Acidovorax, was determined. The 16s rDNA sequencing confirmed previous studies showing the environmental species to be very distant from the phytopathogenic species. DNA/DNA reassociation assays on the different strains of A. avenae revealed four (A, B, C, and D) distinct genotypes. Taxon A included six A. avenae subsp. avenae strains from corn that had a mean reciprocal similarity of 81%; taxon B included six A. avenae subsp. avenae strains from rice that had a mean reciprocal similarity of 97%; taxon C contained 11 A. avenae subsp. citrulli strains from cucurbits (cantaloupe, watermelon, and pumpkin) that had a mean reciprocal similarity of 88%, and taxon D contained four A. avenae subsp. cattleyae strains from orchids that had a mean similarity of 98%. The mean reciprocal relatedness between taxa A, B, C, and D was less than 70%. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and the 16S-23S rDNA internally transcribed spacer region, as well as AFLP analysis, revealed the same four taxa. All four were easily differentiated phenotypically from each other and from all other recognized Acidovorax species. Strains of A. avenae did not contain 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, which was found in all other species. On the basis of these and previous genetic and phenotypic results, we propose an emendation of the species A. avenae. A. avenae subsp. citrulli (C strains) and A. avenae subsp. cattleyae (D strains) should be elevated to species rank as A. citrulli and A. cattleyae, respectively. We further propose a new taxon for the B strains, A. oryzae sp. nov. with FC-143T = ICPB 30003T = ICMP 3960T = ATCC 19882T as the type strain.     

Development of surface plasmon resonance imaging for detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac) using specific monoclonal antibody

An immunosensor based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPR imaging) using a specific monoclonal antibody 11E5 (MAb 11E5) was developed for the detection of the seed-borne bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), which causes fruit blotch in watermelons and cantaloupes, and compared to the conventional ELISA technique. The 1:40 mixed self-assembled monolayer (mixed SAM) surface was used for the immobilized MAb 11E5 on sensor surface for the detection of Aac. Both whole cells and broken cells of Aac were tested by using direct and sandwich detection assay. The limit of detection (LOD) of Aac using the SPR imaging technique and a direct detection assay was 10(6)cfu/ml and a subsequent amplification of the SPR signal using a polyclonal antibody (PAb) lowered the LOD to 5×10(5) cfu/ml. The LOD for the ELISA technique was 5×10(4) cfu/ml for the detection of Aac, which was slightly better than that for the SPR technique. However, the sensor surface based on SPR imaging offered a major advantage in terms of surface regeneration, allowing at least five cycles with a shorter time assay, multi-channel analysis with an application on multiplex detection, and an ease of the surface usage for the detection of Aac in the naturally infected plant. The surface was tested against the naturally infected sample and showed good selectivity toward the Aac bacteria.     

Rapid on-site detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli by gold-labeled DNA strip sensor

Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (AAC) is one of the most harmful diseases in cucurbit production. A rapid and sensitive DNA strip sensor was constructed based on gold nanoparticle-labeled oligonucleotide probes for the detection of AAC. Both the qualitative and semi-quantitative detections of target DNA were successfully achieved using the developed DNA strip sensor. The qualitative limit of detection (LOD) of the strip sensor was determined as 4 nM. The LOD for the semi-quantitative detection was calculated to be 0.48 nM in the range of 0-10 nM. The genomic DNA was detected directly using the DNA strip sensor without any further treatment. This DNA strip sensor is a potentially useful tool for rapid on-site DNA screening.     

Miniaturised hybrid immunoassay for high sensitivity analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk

An ultra-sensitive sandwich ELISA was developed for detection of AFM1 in milk. The assay involved the immobilization of rat monoclonal antibody of AFM1 in 384 microtiter plate to capture AFM1 antigen. This was detected by tracer secondary rabbit poly-clonal antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase upon addition of a luminol-based substrate. Milk samples with different fat percentage were analyzed after pre-treatment. Linear range of AFM1 detection 250-6.25 pg/mL was achieved in 3% fat milk. The miniaturised assay (10 μL) enabled ultra trace analysis of AFM1 in milk with much improved lower limit of detection at 0.005 pg/mL. A sensitive magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based ELISA was also developed and coupled with micro plate ELISA for analysis in milk. The hybrid-assay, by coupling the 1°Ab immobilized MNPs column with microwell plate assay enabled simultaneous measurement of low (0.5 pg/mL) and high AFM1 contamination (200 pg/mL). The most promising feature of this MNPs-ELISA is the small column size, high capture efficiency and lower cost over other reported materials. The proposed assay can be deployed for simultaneous analysis and monitoring of AFM1 in milk.     

Genome sequence of the rice-pathogenic bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae RS-1

Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae is a phytobacterium which is the causative agent of several plant diseases with economic significance. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of strain RS-1, which was isolated from rice shoots in a rice field in China. This strain can cause bacterial stripe of rice.     

西瓜食酸菌抗铜基因cueR的生物信息学分析及功能验证

【背景】CueR被证实在模式细菌大肠杆菌的Cue抗铜系统中参与转录调控,西瓜食酸菌(Acidovorax citrulli)中是否有类似的机制尚不清楚。【目的】鉴定西瓜食酸菌中的cueR基因、分析其编码蛋白的特点与功能,可以为进一步探究类Cue系统在西瓜食酸菌铜稳态中的作用机制奠定基础。【方法】以大肠杆菌等4个模式细菌中已经鉴定的CueR为参照,运用生物信息学手段对西瓜食酸菌的CueR (AcCueR)与大肠杆菌的EcCueR、铜绿假单胞菌的PaCueR、沙门氏菌的SeCueR、霍乱弧菌的VcCueR蛋白进行结构、性质、亚细胞定位、互作因子等特征分析;利用同源重组插入突变技术构建西瓜食酸菌FC440菌株cueR基因的突变体,并制备突变体基因功能互补菌株,比较分析各菌株抗铜性表型。【结果】西瓜食酸菌和铜绿假单胞菌的CueR序列相似性最高;5个细菌的CueR蛋白均属于HTH-MerR-SF超家族,三级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲构成;5种蛋白结构相似;AcCueR可以与西瓜食酸菌中P型ATP酶(即CopA)、多铜氧化酶CueO产生互作,且copA启动子中存在一个与CueR结合的回文结构。在含Cu~(2+)培养基上,突变菌株FC440(?cueR)生长能力明显减弱,基因功能互补菌株FC440(?cueR-cueR)的生长能力则完全恢复。【结论】西瓜食酸菌中的cueR基因与菌的抗铜性相关,其AcCueR蛋白与大肠杆菌等菌中的CueR具有相似的结构与功能,在西瓜食酸菌中可能存在类似于大肠杆菌的Cue抗铜系统。     

Biocidal activity in plant pathogenic Acidovorax, Burkholderia, Herbaspirillum, Ralstonia and Xanthomonas spp.

Antibacterial and antifungal activity was investigated for strains of Acidovorax spp., Burkholderia spp., Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and Ralstonia solanacearum ; strains representing 118 species and pathovars of Xanthomonas were also tested for phytotoxic capacity. Antibacterial activity was present in all Burkholderia spp. except B. andropogonis , in biovars II and III of R. solanacearum but not in biovars I and IV, and in two strains of Xanthomonas. Little antibacterial activity was recorded for Acidovorax spp. Antifungal activity was expressed by most strains of A. avenae ssp. avenae and A. avenae ssp. cattleyae. Weak or variable antifungal reactions were given by strains of A. avenae ssp. citrulli and no activity was expressed by A. konjaci. Most strains of B. caryophylli, B. cepacia, B. gladioli pv. agaricicola, B. gladioli pv. alliicola, B. gladioli pv. gladioli , B. glumae and B. plantari produced extensive inhibition zones against Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Strains of H. rubrisubalbicans and R. solanacearum gave negative, weak or variable reactions. Strains of Xanthomonas spp. exhibited no antifungal activity. In all cases antifungal activity was caused by a low molecular weight toxin. Three Xanthomonas strains exhibited phytotoxic activity. The ecological implications of these data are discussed.     

Acidovorax citrulli: generating basic and applied knowledge to tackle a global threat to the cucurbit industry

Acidovorax citrulli is the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbit plants. In recent years, the disease has spread to many parts of the world, mainly via the inadvertent distribution of contaminated commercial seeds. Because of the costly lawsuits filed by growers against seed companies and the lack of efficient management methods, BFB represents a serious threat to the cucurbit industry, and primarily to watermelons and melons. Despite the economic importance of the disease, little is known about the basic aspects of A.?citrulli pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the release of the genome of one A.?citrulli strain, as well as the optimization of molecular manipulation and inoculation methods, has prompted basic studies and allowed advances towards an understanding of A.?citrulli pathogenicity. In this article, we summarize the current knowledge about this important pathogen, with emphasis on its epidemiology and the factors involved in its pathogenicity and virulence. TAXONOMY: Bacteria; Betaproteobacteria; order Burkholderiales; family C omamonadaceae; genus Acidovorax; species citrulli. MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped; average dimensions of 0.5?μm × 1.7?μm; motile by means of an ～5.0-μm-long polar flagellum; colonies on King's medium B are round, smooth, transparent and nonpigmented; optimal temperatures for growth around 27-30?°C; induces a hypersensitive response on nonhost tobacco and tomato leaves. HOST RANGE: Acidovorax citrulli strains are pathogenic to various species of the Cucurbitaceae family, including watermelon, melon, squash, pumpkin and cucumber. Significant economic losses have been reported in watermelon and melon. DISEASE SYMPTOMS: Watermelon and melon seedlings and fruits are highly susceptible to A. citrulli. Typical seedling symptoms include water-soaked lesions on cotyledons that are often adjacent to the veins and later become necrotic, lesions on the hypocotyl, and seedling collapse and death. On watermelon fruits, symptoms begin as small, irregular, water-soaked lesions which later extend through the rind, turn brown and crack. On melon fruits, symptoms are characterized by small, often sunken rind lesions and internal fruit decay. Symptoms on the leaves of mature plants are difficult to diagnose because they are often inconspicuous or similar to those caused by other biotic or abiotic stresses. When they occur, leaf lesions can spread along the midrib and main veins. Lesions appear dark-brown to black on watermelon and light to reddish-brown on melon. USEFUL WEBSITES: Bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits at APSnet, http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/prokaryotes/Pages/BacterialBlotch.aspx; bacterial fruit blotch guide from ASTA, http://www.amseed.com/pdfs/DiseaseGuide-BFB-English.pdf; Acidovorax citrulli AAC00-1 genome at JGI, http://genome.jgi-psf.org/aciav/aciav.info.html.