植酸钠对黑曲霉柠檬酸发酵产酸的促进效应

研究了植酸钠对黑曲霉柠檬酸发酵产酸的促进效应。在葡萄糖全合成培养基中添加１％的植酸钠,可使产酸比对照提高２．４倍;在薯粉、玉米粉等天然培养基中添加１％植酸钠,柠檬酸产量分别提高１．７倍和１．３倍。酶活性测定分析表明,植酸钠对柠檬酸代谢途径中的几种关键酶的活性有影响。     

均匀设计法优化灰树花深层培养基配方

系统研究了碳源、氮源、无机盐、维生素等培养基因素对灰树花深层发酵菌丝体产量的影响 ,并通过均匀设计法优化了发酵培养基配方。结果表明 :4 6 %玉米粉、3 5 %豆饼粉、0 1%葡萄糖、0 32 %KH2 PO4 、0 0 1%MgSO4 、少量VB1的培养基配方可使菌丝体产量达到最大。采用此配方试验 ,菌丝体产量平均值达 1 77± 0 0 6g/10 0mL。     

代谢途径抑制剂及前体对海洋红树林内生真菌No.1403产抗肿瘤化合物1403C的影响

采用酶抑制剂法和前体喂养试验法初步研究了结构新颖的活性蒽醌化合物1403C的合成途径.研究表明,甲羟戊酸合成途径的关键酶抑制剂邻氨基苯甲酸、柠檬酸三钠对单位菌体1403C产量影响比较小;莽草酸途径关键酶氨基苯甲酸合成酶的抑制剂三甲胺在低浓度时(3、6 mmol/L)对单位菌体1403C产量没有影响,而高浓度(12 mmol/L)时由于较大程度改变发酵液pH而降低了单位菌体1403C产量;莽草酸途径中间产物莽草酸的添加对单位菌体1403C产量没有明显的影响;添加聚酮合成途径聚酮合酶的专一性抑制剂碘乙酰胺对1403C的合成产生强烈的抑制,抑制程度达94.2%;添加丙二酸对1403C的合成有较大的促进作用,单位菌体1403C产量最大增加了59.2%.乙酸钠和丙二酸混合比例为1∶ 4时对单位菌体1403C产量具有最大促进作用,最大提高量为102.7%.由此推断Halorosellinia sp.(No.1403)可能通过聚酮途径合成1403C.     

不同浓度外源乙酸钠对耐乙酸大肠埃希菌DA19代谢和关键酶酶活的影响

为研究外源乙酸钠对大肠埃希菌DA19生长代谢的影响,将该菌株在氮源限制基本培养基及添加不同浓度乙酸钠的氮源限制基本培养基中连续培养,测定稳态时生长代谢参数和胞内关键酶酶活。与MN培养基相比,葡萄糖比消耗速率和延胡索酸比生成速率随外源乙酸钠质量浓度增加而逐渐下降,丙酮酸比生成速率则随外源乙酸钠质量浓度增加而明显增加,而乙酸比生成速率则明显降低(除9 g/L乙酸钠外)。磷酸果糖激酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、异柠檬酸裂解酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和乙酸激酶酶活随外源乙酸钠质量浓度增加而呈先下降后上升的趋势,而6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶则随着外源乙酸钠质量浓度增加而逐渐降低。为了应对外源乙酸钠压力,大肠埃希菌DA19的生长代谢和中心代谢途径酶活都发生了明显改变。     

响应面法在紫杉醇产生菌发酵前体优化中的应用

采用响应面法对美丽镰刀菌（Fusarium mairei K178）发酵合成紫杉醇途径中一些可能的前体进行优化研究。首先采用Plackett-Burman法对8个因素进行了筛选,结果表明,苯丙氨酸,苯甲酸钠和乙酸钠三个因素对紫杉醇产量影响较大。在此基础上,再通过Box-Behnken设计,利用Design-Expert软件进行二次回归分析,得到各因素的最佳浓度为：苯丙氨酸2.8mg/L,苯甲酸钠31.8mg/L,乙酸钠3.3g/L。在优化条件下紫杉醇的产量达到242.6μg/L,较前体单因素实验最高值提高15.6%。     

营养因子对姬松茸深层发酵的影响

研究了营养性因子对姬松茸深层发酵的影响。结果表明玉米粉、蛋白胨,豆饼粉有利于姬松茸菌体生长和胞外多糖的形成,进一步的正交优化实验得到最佳培养基组成,玉米粉2%,蔗糖1%,豆饼粉1%。KH2PO40.3%,MgSO40.2%,0.2%的棕榈酸能促进胞外多糖的提高,在此基础上进行摇瓶发酵曲线测定,确定姬松茸适宜发酵周期为108h,胞外多糖最高可达3.48g/L。     

葡萄糖和乙酸钠对湛江等鞭金藻兼养生长的影响

论文探讨了添加外源性有机碳葡萄糖和乙酸钠对湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis )生长及胞内总脂百分含量的影响.结果表明:随着葡萄糖和乙酸钠浓度的增加,湛江等鞕金藻的生长和产物积累均表现出先促进后抑制的现象.湛江等鞭金藻兼养利用葡萄糖和乙酸钠促进生长的浓度上限分别为50和30g·L^-1.葡萄糖浓度仅15g·L^-1时,对生物量具有显著促进作用,而乙酸钠浓度2.5～15g·L^-1时,对生物量均具有显著促进作用.葡萄糖对藻细胞内总脂百分含量的促进作用浓度范围是1.0～50g·L^-1,而乙酸钠仅在1.0～15g·L^-1时,表现出显著促进作用.葡萄糖浓度为15g·L^-1时,其生物量、总脂百分含量分别比对照增加了30%、30%.乙酸钠浓度为7.5g·L^-1时,其生物量、总脂百分含量分别比对照增加了30%、30%.添加适量的葡萄糖和乙酸钠能够显著促进湛江等鞭金藻生物量及胞内总脂百分含量,葡萄糖和乙酸钠的最适浓度分别是15g·L^-1和7.5g·L^-1.湛江等鞭金藻利用葡萄糖和乙酸钠进行兼养生长的能力是有限的.     

L-乳酸发酵的代谢调控育种及发酵影响因素的研究

以嗜热乳杆菌(Lactobacillus Thermophilus ATCC8317)为出发菌,采用乙酸-乙酸钠平板为初筛方法,通过复合诱变乳酸产量提高到原来的3.1倍。培养基碳源为玉米粉糖化液,混合氮源为麦芽粉30g/L、蛋白胨5g/L。根据不同温度下细胞比生长速率及产物比生成速率的变化,确定了分阶段控制温度的策略:即在发酵前16h控制温度48℃、后44h控制温度54℃。L-乳酸产量达到135g/L,乳酸的对糖转化率为95%,平均产酸速率为2.25g/(L.h)。     

培养基的组成对黄原胶发酵产量与质量的影响研究

本文着重研究了培养基各组分对胶产量与质量的影响。结果表明:氮源是极显著因素,碳源是显著因素,无机盐与柠檬酸对质量与产量的影响各有主次;以蔗糖代替葡萄糖可使产量与质量有较大提高。此外还分析了培养基中CaCO_3的加入、消泡剂的选择、H_2O_2水的添加等各因素对产胶的影响。     

不同物质对双歧杆菌胆盐耐受性的影响研究

初步研究不同物质对双歧杆菌的胆盐耐受性的影响。结果表明,脱氧胆酸钠盐对双歧杆菌Blm和Bbm有毒性作用;在培养基中补充一定量的葡萄糖和果糖可以改善Bbm的胆盐耐受性,而菊糖和菊芋粉对提高Blm和Bbm的胆盐耐受性没有明显作用。     

重组谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵L-苯丙氨酸培养基的优化

【目的】提高重组谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine,L-Phe)的产量。【方法】使用正交试验设计以及响应面优化法分别对种子培养基及发酵培养基进行优化,确定了重组谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵L-Phe的最佳种子培养基及最佳发酵培养基。【结果】重组谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵L-Phe最佳种子培养基(g/L):葡萄糖25.0,玉米浆25.0,硫酸铵15.0,硫酸镁1.0,磷酸二氢钾2.0,尿素2.0,p H 6.8-7.0;最佳发酵培养基(g/L):葡萄糖110.0,玉米浆7.0,硫酸铵25.0,硫酸镁1.0,磷酸二氢钾1.0,柠檬酸钠2.0,谷氨酸1.0,碳酸钙25.0,p H 6.8-7.0;在最佳培养基条件下L-Phe产量最高达到9.14 g/L,较优化前的7.46 g/L提高了22.5%。【结论】通过正交试验和响应面分析对重组谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵L-Phe培养基进行优化,明显提高了L-Phe的产量,并确定了葡萄糖、玉米浆和硫酸铵为发酵培养基中影响L-Phe产量的3个关键因子。研究结果为L-Phe的发酵放大提供了依据。     

戊糖乳杆菌发酵培养基氮源条件的优化

对戊糖乳杆菌发酵培养基的氮源条件进行了优化。通过单因素实验及响应面分析优化利用木糖高产乳酸的戊糖乳杆菌发酵培养基的不同氮源组合。优化得到的牛肉膏与柠檬酸氢二铵复合的最佳组成为牛肉膏17.72 g/L,柠檬酸氢二铵1.91 g/L,得到乳酸实际最大产量42.37 g/L。添加玉米浆与酵母粉和无机氮源复合的最佳组成为玉米浆46.54 g/L,酵母粉21.95 g/L,柠檬酸氢二铵9.95 g/L,可得到乳酸最大产量41.06 g/L。通过响应面优化减少了有机氮源的种类。牛肉膏与柠檬酸氢二铵的复合得到了更高的乳酸产量,且减少了有机氮源用量,节约了成本。玉米浆与酵母粉的复合解决了单一玉米浆造成的木糖利用速率过低的问题,同样得到较高浓度的乳酸。     

Effect of K-252a and abscisic acid on the efflux of citrate from soybean roots

The Al-induced release of organic acid has been suggested as an important mechanism for Al resistance in plants. In this study, the effect of K-252a and abscisic acid (ABA) on the efflux of citrate was investigated in soybean (Glycine max L.) roots. Al initiated citrate efflux from the root apices 30 min after the addition of Al. The Al-triggered efflux of citrate was sensitive to metabolic inhibitors and anion channel inhibitors. Pretreatment or treatment with K-252a, an inhibitor of protein kinase, severely inhibited the Al-induced efflux of citrate accompanying an increase in Al accumulation and intensified Al-induced root growth inhibition. Al-treatment increased the endogenous level of abscisic acid (ABA) in soybean roots in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while K-252a failed to inhibit the Al-induced increase in endogenous ABA. Exogenous application of ABA increased the activity of citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) by 26.2%, and decreased Al accumulation by 32.3%, respectively. ABA-induced increases in citrate efflux and root elongation were suppressed by K-252a, while ABA could not reverse the K-252a effects. Taken together, these results suggest that ABA is probably involved in the early response, after which K-252a-sensitive protein kinases play a key step in regulating the activity of an anion channel, through which citrate is released from the apical cells of soybean roots.     

碳源和氮源对5-酮基-葡萄糖酸生成的影响

氧化葡萄糖杆菌Gluconobacter oxydans可以将葡萄糖氧化成葡萄糖酸,并进一步氧化成2-酮基-葡萄糖酸(2KGA)和5-酮基-葡萄糖酸(5KGA),其中5KGA在催化剂的作用下能够转化为L(+)-酒石酸。为了提高5-酮基-葡萄糖酸产量,以仅生成5KGA的氧化葡萄糖杆菌Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1为出发菌株,研究不同碳源(蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、淀粉、葡萄糖)和有机氮源(酵母浸粉、鱼粉、玉米浆、黄豆饼粉、棉籽饼粉)对5KGA产量的影响。500 mL摇瓶试验结果表明,当葡萄糖浓度为100 g/L时,5KGA产量最高为98.20 g/L;当有机氮源为酵母浸粉、鱼粉和玉米浆,其添加量的蛋白含量为1.60%时,5KGA产量分别为100.20 g/L、109.10 g/L和99.83 g/L,其中,使用鱼粉的5KGA产量最高,使用玉米浆的5KGA产量比酵母浸粉略低。出于经济考虑,文中选择玉米浆作有机氮源,并在5 L发酵罐中进行分批发酵放大试验,5KGA的产量为93.80 g/L,最大生成速率为3.48 g/(L·h),平均生成速率为1.56 g/(L·h)。结果表明,葡萄糖和玉米浆分别为Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1规模化生产5KGA的最适碳源和氮源,可利用葡萄糖几乎全部(85.93%)转化为5KGA。     

Extraction of Zinc from Industrial Waste by a Penicillium sp

Zinc was extracted from a filter residue of a copper works (58.6% zinc) by a Penicillium sp. isolated from a metal-containing location. By isotachophoresis citric acid was identified as the leaching agent. Citrate was only formed when the leaching substrate was present. This production of citrate was different in several ways from that achieved by Aspergillus niger: glucose was utilized before fructose; the initial concentration of zinc was 50 to 500 times higher than usual in citrate fermentations with A. niger; citrate production stopped when 80 to 90% of the zinc was leached, although sufficient sugar for further synthesis was still present; and in synthetic media citrate production by A. niger needs an acidic environment (pH 2), while the formation of citric acid by Penicillium sp. occurred in a pH range of 7 to 4. Tests with different concentrations of waste material (0.5, 2.5, and 5%) showed that the highest yield of solubilized zinc occurred with a 2.5% substrate (93% zinc extracted after 13 days).     

不同发酵条件下产甘油假丝酵母有机酸代谢的研究

产甘油假丝酵母 (Candidaglycerolgenesis)发酵产生的有机酸对丙三醇产品质量和产率均有影响。发现在发酵其它条件恒定 ,装液比和玉米浆浓度增加时 ,发酵液总酸是递增的。在装液比为 0 2和玉米浆浓度为 8g L时 ,丙酮酸和乳酸在细胞生长期可分别积累达 4 1g L和 1 0g L ,比正常发酵时增加 2倍以上 ,丙三醇产率也低 ;然而 ,装液比为 0 0 8和玉米浆浓度为 4g L时 ,丙酮酸和乳酸产生较低 ,丙三醇产率较高 ,但乙酸积累比供氧不足时高 ,可达 2 6g L。发酵过程中有机酸被细胞代谢 ,含量逐渐下降 ,如在初糖浓度为 1 0 0g L时 ,有机酸在细胞生长期积累至高峰后 ,丙三醇和有机酸随之均降低至较低含量 ,并且丙酮酸或乳酸可以转化为乙酸。此外 ,在外加一些添加剂时对其产生有机酸也有影响 ,如添加 1 %油酸和VB1时可以降低乙酸的积累 ,同时增加丙酮酸的含量 ,丙三醇产量也有所增加 ;而丙酮酸结构类似物氟代丙酮酸和亚硫酸盐促进乙酸的产生 ,使酮戊二酸合成减少 ,丙三醇产量约增加 2 0 %。     

Production of carboxylic acids from hydrolyzed corn meal by immobilized cell fermentation in a fibrous-bed bioreactor

Corn meal hydrolyzed with amylases was used as the carbon source for producing acetic, propionic, and butyric acids via anaerobic fermentations. In this study, corn meal, containing 75% (w/w) starch, 20% (w/w) fibers, and 1.5% (w/w) protein, was first hydrolyzed using amylases at 60 degrees C. The hydrolysis yielded approximately 100% recovery of starch converted to glucose and 17.9% recovery of protein. The resulting corn meal hydrolyzate was then used, after sterilization, for fermentation studies. A co-culture of Lactococcus lactis and Clostridium formicoaceticum was used to produce acetic acid from glucose. Propionibacterium acidipropionici was used for propionic acid fermentation, and Clostridium tyrobutylicum was used for butyric acid production. These cells were immobilized on a spirally wound fibrous matrix packed in a fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB) developed for multi-phase biological reactions or fermentation. The bioreactor was connected to a stirred-tank fermentor that provided pH and temperature controls via medium circulation. The fermentation system was operated at the recycle batch mode. Temperature and pH were controlled at 37 degrees C and 7.6, respectively, for acetic acid fermentation, 32 degrees C and 6.0, respectively, for propionic acid fermentation, and 37 degrees C and 6.0, respectively, for butyric acid production. The fermentation demonstrated a yield of approximately 100% and a volumetric productivity of approximately 1 g/(1 h) for acetic acid production. The propionic acid fermentation achieved an approximately 60% yield and a productivity of 2.12 g/(1 h), whereas the butyric acid fermentation obtained an approximately 50% yield and a productivity of 6.78 g/(1 h). These results were comparable to, or better than those fermentations using chemically defined media containing glucose as the substrate, suggesting that these carboxylic acids can be efficiently produced from direct fermentation of corn meal hydrolyzate. The corn fiber present as suspended solids in the corn meal hydrolyzate did not cause operating problem to the immobilized cell bioreactor as is usually encountered by conventional immobilized cell bioreactor systems. It is concluded that the FBB technology is suitable for producing value-added biochemicals directly from agricultural residues or commodities such as corn meal.     

Enhanced production of (+)-terrein in fed-batch cultivation of Aspergillus terreus strain PF26 with sodium citrate

(+)-Terrein is a fungal metabolite with multiple biological activities, especially with great value in medicine. However, the mass production of single configuration terrein is still a big challenge. In this study, the effects of acetic acid, sodium acetate, citric acid and sodium citrate on the (+)-terrein production by Aspergillus terreus strain PF26 derived from marine sponge Phakellia fusca were investigated. Sodium citrate was selected for fed-batch cultivation because it showed the best effect on (+)-terrein production among the four regulators tested. As a result, 5.38 g/L (+)-terrein production was achieved by feeding 10 mM sodium citrate on the 3rd day in shake flask, which was 33.8 % higher than the control and represented the highest yield of (+)-terrein. In a 7.5-L stirred bioreactor, 2.58 g/L of (+)-terrein production was achieved by the feeding of 10 mM sodium citrate on the 8th day. The results from this study lay a basis for the high-yield production of (+)-terrein by fermentation.     

Lactic acid production from corn stover using mixed cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus brevis

Mixed cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus brevis was studied for improving utilization of both cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived sugars from corn stover for lactic acid production. During simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of NaOH-treated corn stover by the mixed cultures, a lactic acid yield of 0.70 g/g was obtained, which was about 18.6% and 29.6% higher than that by single cultures of L. rhamnosus and L. brevis, respectively. Our results indicated that lactic acid yield from NaOH-pretreated corn stover by mixed cultures of L. rhamnosus and L. brevis was comparable to that from pure sugar mixtures (0.73 g/g of glucose/xylose mixture at 3:1 w/w).     

柠檬酸钠对枯草杆菌生长代谢及肌苷积累的影响

研究柠檬酸钠对枯草杆菌生长代谢及产苷的影响 ,在基础料中添加浓度为 0 2g L的柠檬酸钠 ,肌苷产量提高 18% ,肌苷对葡萄糖得率增加 38%。通过分析糖代谢途径中关键酶的酶活 ,结果表明添加柠檬酸钠改变了一些关键酶的活力 ,可降低糖酵解途径中 6_磷酸果糖激酶和丙酮酸激酶的活力 ,从而减弱了糖酵解途径的通量。