龙溪—虹口国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性红外相机调查结果初报

掌握野生动植物本底资源是各级自然保护区生物多样性监测研究和保护管理的重要环节。为了建立龙溪-虹口国家级自然保护区内兽类和鸟类多样性资源的长期监测机制,于2013年9月至2014年11月,我们采用红外相机技术在龙溪沟和虹口峡谷等区域按公里网格布设了57个监测点,调查地面活动的兽类和鸟类。红外相机累计工作达11,847个工作日,共记录到兽类和鸟类物种61种,其中兽类5目12科21种,鸟类3目10科40种,包括猎隼（Falco cherrug）、光背地鸫（Zoothera mollissima）、长尾地鸫（Zoothera dixoni）、灰翅鸫（Turdus boulboul）、锈脸钩嘴鹛（Pomatorhinus erythrogenys）、红嘴鸦雀（Conostoma aemodium）和褐鸦雀（Paradoxornis unicolor）7种鸟类为保护区新记录种。调查到的兽类被列为国家I级和II级重点保护野生动物的分别为4种和5种,被IUCN红色名录评估为“濒危EN”和“易危VU” 的物种各3种,被评为 “近危NT”级别的物种有4种;鸟类被列为国家II级重点保护野生动物的有5种,被IUCN红色名录评估为“濒危EN”的物种有1种。本次调查补充更新了龙溪-虹口自然保护区地栖息鸟类名录,初步了解了保护区内地面活动大中型兽类和鸟类的物种组成和分布,为保护区建立野生动物红外相机常规监测和保护管理提供了基础数据。     

湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

2002年6～9月对湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区的两栖、爬行动物资源进行了调查,结合文献资料,该保护区现已知有两栖、爬行动物80种,其中两栖动物38种,隶属2目9科22属;爬行动物42种,隶属2目11科31属.国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物大鲵Andrias davidianus、虎纹蛙Hoplobatrachus rugulosus 2种;湖北省重点保护动物35种,占湖北省重点保护两栖爬行动物的75%.被列入<中国濒危动物红皮书>的两栖、爬行动物有21种(极危物种1种,濒危物种6种,易危物种11种,依赖保护物种1种,需予关注物种2种).对两栖爬行动物的种类组成和区系进行了分析,并提出了保护措施.     

陕西秦岭及大巴山地区的鸟类资源调查

近20多年的野外调查发现,陕西秦岭及大巴山地区的鸟类资源丰富,分布有475种鸟类,多为留鸟、夏候鸟和旅鸟。它们中有中国特有鸟类34种,国家Ⅰ级重点保护的鸟类9种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护的鸟类55种,还有28种鸟类被列入中国濒危动物红皮书及11种被列入世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录中。目前因分布在自然保护区内而受到保护的鸟类有390种,占总种数的82.1%。保护区的存在有利于保护秦岭及大巴山地区的鸟类资源。     

基于红外相机的四川亚丁国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性初报

2017年5～11月,我们在四川亚丁国家级自然保护区内共布设64台红外相机,对保护区内的兽类和鸟类多样性进行了调查。经过8 394个相机工作日的调查,我们共鉴定出分属9目26科共56种的野生兽类和鸟类,其中国家Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物分别有5种和13种,被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)、易危(VU)、近危(NT)的野生动物分别有2种、3种和6种。相对多度指数居前三位的兽类和鸟类分别是毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、珀氏长吻松鼠(Dremomys pernyi)、猕猴(Macaca mulatta)和血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)、大噪鹛(Garrulax maximus)、雉鹑(Tetraophasis obscurus)。本次调查初步了解了亚丁保护区内鸟兽的种类、丰富度、分布以及人为干扰情况,是亚丁国家级自然保护区第一次开展鸟兽的本底资源调查和研究。我们的调查结果对掌握亚丁国家级自然保护区的鸟兽种类和分布现状等本底资料具有重要意义,同时也为保护区今后的科研工作及开展野生动物的保护管理和长期监测提供了数据支持和指导。     

利用红外相机技术调查云南布龙州级保护区野生动物

物种编目是自然保护区的生物多样性监测与研究的基础,为制定、实施保护计划及开展科学研究、环境教育等提供数据支持。2014年3月至2015年3月,按公里网格法,在布龙州级保护区内设置了137个位点,总监测日为10 675d,拍摄照片19 757张。获得独立有效照片数为984张,其中70.8 %为兽类,27.6%为鸟类,1.6%为人。经鉴定,可以识别兽类5目10科17种,鸟类4目9科14种,其中国家Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级保护物种各有3种和10种。被IUCN物种红色名录评估为濒危（EN）、易危（VU）、近危(NT)的物种分别有2、4、1种。本次调查兽类记录物种数较多的是食肉目和偶蹄目,分别为4和5种,相对丰富度指数以野猪和赤麂较高;鸟类记录物种数最多的是雉类（4种）,白鹇和原鸡的相对丰富度指数较高。本次调查进一步完善了布龙州级自然保护区中大、中型兽类和地栖性鸟类的物种资源编目,为后续的科研、监测和保护管理提供了本底资源。     

广东石门台自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及其保护

调查表明 ,广东石门台自然保护区自然分布有国家保护植物 43种 ,广东省保护植物 3种。该文在分析其分布现状、濒危原因的基础上 ,提出了珍稀濒危植物资源保护对策 ,并就 2 0种尚未列入保护的珍稀植物种类提出保护建议。     

长青自然保护区的兽类资源

对长青国家自然保护区的兽类资源进行了为期三年多的调查,结果表明保护区内已知兽类52种,隶属于7目23科46属,其中,国家I级保护动物5种,II级保护动物9种。     

安徽赣江吉安段鸟类多样性研究

为了解赣江吉安段鸟类多样性,于2005年9月～2007年3月采用样线法调查当地鸟类的种类和数量.共记录到鸟类102种,隶属14目30科,其中牛背鹭Bubulcus ibis和白鹭Egretta garzetta被列入<濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约>.当地有国家Ⅱ级保护动物4种:鸢Milvus migrans、燕隼Falco subbuteo、红隼Falco tinnunculus和白鹇Lophura nycthemera,江西省级重点保护野生动物30种,"三有"鸟类81种.调查表明赣江吉安段鸟类资源丰富,区系组成复杂,这与该地区所处的地理位置和特殊的气候条件等相关.近年来人类活动影响了当地鸟类多样性.     

四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区兽类资源调查

1997年7～8月和2006年10月,对若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区兽类资源进行了野外调查.结合历史文献确认保护区有兽类39种,东洋界种类10种,古北界26种,广布种3种;有国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护动物9种,其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种;有我国特有或主要分布于我国的特有兽类15种.总体上看,保护区兽类资源比较贫乏、种类少.大型兽类藏原羚、藏狐和鼬科动物常见;小型兽类黑唇鼠兔、鼢鼠等种群数量大,已对高寒湿地生态系统造成一定的危害,建议进行控制.     

四川喇叭河自然保护区的兽类资源

2002年7～9月对四川喇叭河自然保护区的兽类资源进行了初步调查,结果统计保护区共有兽类76种,隶属7目23科.保护区内有国家I级保护兽类5种,国家II级保护兽类16种.在76种兽类中,古北界种类14种,占18.4%;东洋界59种,占77.6%;3种为广布种,占4.0%.保护区兽类种类丰富,种群数量大.数量最多、分布最广的是牛羚、水鹿,其次有藏酋猴和金丝猴.兽类主要集中分布在保护索索棚一带.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.