枸杞体细胞胚发生过程中Ag~ 对痕量金属离子吸收的影响

以药用植物宁夏枸杞愈伤组织为材料,离体培养诱导体细胞胚发生。采用多重示踪剂和γ射线能谱分析法研究不同浓度AgNO_3处理的枸杞体细胞胚发生过程中对多种痕量金属元素离子的吸收。结果表明:(1)当AgNO_3的浓度小于50mg/L时,随着AgNO_3浓度的增加,多种痕量金属离子的吸收率也随之增加,而超过此浓度后,对多种痕量金属离子的吸收影响不同。Ag~ 对痕量金属离子的吸收有协同,拮抗或竞争的作用。(2)适当浓度的AgNO_3对细胞分化及体细胞胚发生有促进作用。当AgNO_3的浓度小于50mg/L时,随着AgNO_3浓度的增加,体细胞胚的发生频率随之增加。Ag~ 对枸杞体细胞胚发生表现促进作用,当AgNO_3的浓度为50mg/L时,可大大提高愈伤组织中体细胞胚发生,是对照(不加AgNO_3)组的3倍左右。而超过此浓度后,Ag~ 对枸杞体细胞胚发生表现毒害作用,体细胞胚的发生受到明显抑制。     

放线菌素D和环己亚胺对伊贝母胚性愈伤组织中胚性细胞团和球形胚发生及大分

伊贝母（F,pallidiflora Schrenk)胚性愈伤组织接种于NAA1．0mg/L 6=BA2.0mg/L的MS培养基上,在培养10天前可产生大量单细胞到多细胞胚性细胞团,培养10至15天,逐渐形成大量球形胚,利用这样一个实验体系,在培养0,1,2,3和4天后加入放线菌素D（AMD,20ug/ml)和环己亚胺（CHM,20ug/ml),继续培养至第6天,分析大分子代谢动态和观察胚性细胞团的形成情况;培养6和10天后加入同样浓度的AMD和CHM,继续培养至第15天,分析大分子代谢动态及观察球形胚形成情况,结果表明：（1）培养0,1,2,3和4天加入AMD的分别抑制胚性细胞团的100％,63％和45％,加入CHM的抑制100％,85％和75％,培养6和10天后加入CHM抑制球形胚的100％和75％;（2）DNA,RNA和蛋白质在胚性细胞团和球形胚形成时出现两个峰值,其中RNA变化剧烈,最早出现峰值,AMD和CHM分别抑制RNA和蛋白质的合成;（3）过氧化物酶同工酶带对胚性细胞团和球形胚形成过程中顺序表达。AMD和CHM分别在转录和转泽水平上对其进行规律性抑制,根据以上结果,本文对伊贝母体细胞胚胎发生的机制进行了初步讨论。     

放线菌素D和环已亚胺对伊贝母胚性愈伤组织中胚性细胞团和球形胚发生及大分子代谢动态的影响

伊贝母(F.pallidiflora Schrenk)胚性愈伤组织接种于NAA 1.0mg/L+6-BA2.0 mg/L的MS培养基上,在培养10天前可产生大量单细胞到多细胞胚性细胞团,培养10至15天,逐渐形成大量球形胚。利用这样一个实验体系,在培养0、1、2、3和4天后加入放线菌素D(AMD,20μg/ml)和环己亚胺(CHM,20μg/ml),继续培养至第6天,分析大分子代谢动态和观察胚性细胞团的形成情况;培养6和10天后加入同样浓度的AMD和CHM。继续培养至第15天,分析大分子代谢动态及观察球形胚形成情况。结果表明:(1)培养0、1、2、3和4天加入AMD的分别抑制胚性细胞团的100%、63%和45%,加入CHM的抑制100%、85%和75%,培养6和10天后加入CHM抑制球形胚的100%和75%;(2)DNA、RNA和蛋白质在胚性细胞团和球形胚形成时出现两个峰值,其中RNA变化剧烈,最早出现峰值。AMD和CHM分别抑制RNA和蛋白质的合成;(3)过氧化物酶同工酶带在胚性细胞团和球形胚形成过程中顺序表达,AMD和CHM分别在转录和转译水平上对其进行规律性抑制。根据以上结果,本文对伊贝母体细胞胚胎发生的机制进行了初步讨论。     

火炬松成熟合子胚离体培养过程中诱导不定芽的影响因素研究

火世松（Pinus taed L）界南方松中最重要的针叶树种之一,在环境保护,园林绿化和林业生产中有重要应用价值。有关火炬松未成熟胚的体细胞胚胎发生和器官发生的研究报道不多,其成熟合子胚的愈伤组织器官发生未见报道。本文以取自湖南省邵阳市林场的火炬松成熟种胚为外植体,在诱导其愈伤组织器官发生的基础上,系统地研究了BA浓度,基本培养基（TE）浓度和不同碳源等对愈伤组织上不定芽的发生和发育的影响,优化了火炬松离体再生的培养条件,为火炬松的无性繁殖技术应用于实验生产奠定了基础。研究结果表明：不同的浓度条件下,4mg/LBA培养基上的不定芽诱导频率和每个胚上的芽平均数最高,分别是76．3％和3．4。火炬松器官发生愈伤组织（Fig.1)上的不定芽形成于愈伤组织表面（Fig.2)。不定芽的发生常不同步（Fig.3)。不定芽在低浓度BA(1-2mg/L）条件下发育较好(Fig.4),在高浓度BA（8－16mg/L）条件下发育减慢（Fig.5),在1mg/LBA条件下伸长生长较快（Fig.6);不同浓度基本培养基的实验结果表明,当基本培养基浓度为1．25TE时,不定芽诱导频率（73．5％）;不同浓度基本培养基的实验结果表明。池基本培养基浓度为0．5或0．75TE时,不定芽基部易形成愈伤组织（Fig.7)。在1．5TE培养基上,不定芽瘦弱且发育缓慢（Fig.8);不同碳源的实验结果表明,以2％的葡萄为碳源时,不定芽的诱导频率和每个胚上的芽平均数均最高,分别是83．7％和5．8。由此可见,4mg/LBA,1.25TE基本培养基和2％葡萄糖可能是构成火炬松成熟合子胚离体高效无性快速繁殖体系的决定性和关键因素。     

青霉素酶发酵液的预处理和酶学特性

研究了在发酵液中添加絮凝剂对发酵液进行预处理,对蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）产生青霉素酶的影响与酶学特性。实验结果表明,发酵液膜处理的难易程度与芽孢释放程度成正相关,在发酵液中添加0．02g／mL自制絮凝剂进行预处理,过滤效率提高10倍,而酶活损失仅5％;酶学特性研究结果表明,该酶最佳反应温度55℃时,酶的最适反应pH值7．0,金属离子锌、锰、镁对酶有激活作用,其浓度为0．25moL／L;酶热稳定性研究结果表明,在75℃下保温30min时,酶活损失85％。该酶在过量青霉素底物下,酶促反应为0级反应。     

儿童传染性单核细胞增多症嗜异性凝集抗体与EBV-VCA-IgM检测的比较

目的比较分析外周血异型淋巴细胞（AL）、血清嗜异性抗体（HA）及EBV-VCA-IgM在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症（IM）诊断中的意义。方法对238例儿童IM进行AL计数、AVITEX-IM乳胶凝集法检测HA、ELISA法检测EBV-VCA-IgM,分析比较此3种检验方法的阳性率。结果（1）82．35％的患儿外周血AL〉10％,其中71．94％在病程第2周AL〉10％。（2）HA阳性者占48．85％,HA阳性率〈3岁（14．55％）明显低于≥3岁（53．90％）,P〈0．05。（3）EBV-VCA-IgM 163例阳性（75．81％）,各年龄组EBV-VCA-IgM阳性率差异无显著性。（4）72例同时检测血清EBV-VCA-IgM和HA,EBV-VCA-IgM阳性者58例（80．56％）,HA阳性者36例（50％）,EBV-VCA-IgM与HA均为阳性者33例（45．83％）,EBV-VCA-IgM的阳性检出率明显高于HA。结论EBV-VCA-IgM的阳件率明昂高干HA的阳件塞罩期殛时拱奉台EBV抗体对于及早、快速、准确诊断IM十分必要。     

水体浊度对菹草萌发及萌发苗光合荧光特性的影响

用粒径小于100μm的泥沙分别配置浊度为30、60NTU和90NTU的混浊水体,将菹草（Potamogeton cripus）石芽分别种植于上述水体中,测定萌发率和萌发苗的株高、叶片数,并利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪（DIVING-PAM）测定萌发苗的光合荧光特性。结果表明,水体浊度对石芽萌发率没有显著影响,但对萌发速率有一定影响;随着浊度的升高萌发苗株高和叶片数均显著降低（p＜0．05）;菹草萌发苗的有效荧光产量Yield也随水体浊度升高而降低,表明在高浊度水体中萌发苗天线色素吸收光子供给PSⅡ反应中心的效率下降;高浊度导致萌发苗吸收光能用于光化学电子传递的份额（qP）减少,第23天时90NTU水体中的妒为对照的91．4％;水体浊度上升导致qN显著升高,表明在高浊度、低光照胁迫下,萌发苗接收的光能更多的以热的形式耗散掉了,以避免光系统PSⅡ受到过剩光能的伤害;浊度升高引起电子在光合链中的传递速率（ETR）显著下降,第23天时在30、60NTU和90NTU水体中ETR分别为对照的93．3％、88．5％、75．8％,导致参与CO2固定的电子减少,光合作用降低。快速光响应曲线测定结果表明．萌发苗ETRmax和最小饱和光照强度随水体浊度的增加呈下降趋势,光响应能力随水体浊度的增加而显著下降,特别是在90NTU水体中萌发苗的光合作用能力下降显著。因此,在浅而混浊的水体中（水深70cm,浊度低于90NTU）,菹草石芽均能萌发,但是,水体浊度对萌发苗光合作用、生长速率有一定抑制作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.