黔金丝猴活动区苔藓植物多样性研究

通过对梵净山东北部岩高坪区域苔藓植物以及对黔金丝猴活动区生境的研究,报道了黔金丝猴活动区苔藓植物46科,85属,249种(含种以下分类单位),其中贵州新记录种5个.从该区苔藓植物的组成看,温带区系成分最为丰富,占整个区系成分的43.32％;不同海拔的森林植被下苔藓植物的分布有明显的差异:阔叶林的苔藓植物多样性最高,竹林...     

统万城遗址土夯城墙苔藓植物多样性

统万城位于陕西省榆林市靖边县无定河畔,北与内蒙古鄂尔多斯市的乌审旗相毗邻。通过对统万城遗址土夯城墙上苔藓植物的分布、植物多样性、水分生态类型及区系地理成分分析,得出以下结论:(1)统万城遗址土夯城墙上苔藓植物苔藓植物共有26种,其中苔纲1科1属1种,藓纲2科9属25种;(2)苔藓植物在城墙阴阳面种类分布有所不同,城墙阳面苔藓植物共有18种,占苔藓植物总数的69.23%,呈斑块状分布,多数为旱生种类。城墙阴面苔藓植物共有24种,占苔藓植物总数的92.31%;(3)不同生境苔藓植物物种多样性变化体现为城墙阴面下部苔藓植物的物种多样性指数最高,城墙阳面中上部苔藓植物的物种多样性指数最低;(4)水分生态型分析表明:旱生类型占总种数的73.07%,中生类型占26.92%,不存在湿生和湿中生类型;(5)统万城遗址城墙上的苔藓植物共有6种区系地理成分,其中北温带分布最多,共14种,占总种数的53.84%,古热带和温带亚洲分布最少,各有1种,各占总种数3.85%。     

木林子国家级自然保护区苔藓植物物种与区系研究

基于野外调查、采集标本和查阅文献,对木林子国家级自然保护区苔藓植物物种及区系特点进行研究。结果显示:该保护区苔藓植物共有64科121属292种,其中,苔类28科38属88种,藓类36科83属204种。该保护区共有湖北新记录科2科、新记录属9属、新记录种73种。该保护区苔藓植物区系成分多样,有11个区系类型,以温带成分为主(占30.89%)、东亚成分次之(占18.92%)。相比清凉峰、大巴山、十万大山和佛坪4个国家级自然保护区,木林子呈现出科多种少的特点,物种分化程度更高。木林子保护区与清凉峰的苔藓植物组成相似度最高,与佛坪相似度最低。该研究结果从苔藓植物多样性的角度佐证了清江流域物种分化程度较高的观点,为丰富木林子国家级自然保护区苔藓植物和湖北省苔藓植物提供了基础资料。     

大兴安岭南部山地苔藓植物区系多样性研究

于2009～2012年对大兴安岭南部山地6个自然保护区的苔藓植物进行了野外实地调查,对所采集的1 800余号标本进行室内分析鉴定,并计算分析其种类组成、区系地理成分、地区之间相似性系数和相异系数的欧氏距离比较,及其8种生境中苔藓植物多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数等,为保护区的管理和建设提供基础资料。结果表明:(1)大兴安岭南部山地6个自然保护区共有苔藓植物48科,134属,330种,其中苔类16科,21属,38种,1变种;藓类32科,113属,274种,14变种,2变型,1亚种。(2)首次发现中国新记录4种:长柄紫萼藓(Grimmia longirostris Hook.),毛尖连轴藓[Schistidium lancifolium(Kindb.)Blom.],平叶真藓(Bryumlaevifilum Syed.),凹叶毛灰藓[Homomallium adnatum(Hedw.)Broth.],首次发现本地区新记录12种。(3)以丛藓科为代表的旱生藓类在本区占有优势地位;区系地理成分以温带成分(60.79%)和东亚成分(16.19%)为主。(4)大兴安岭南部山地与兴安北部和燕山北部山地亲缘关系较近;生境条件的变化对苔藓植物多样性产生了一定的影响,湿润土生和石生生境为本区苔藓植物最丰富的生境,水生生境中苔藓植物分布最少。研究发现,大兴安岭南部山地苔藓植物区系是连接华北区、东北区、蒙新区和阴山地区的过渡性地带;与燕山北部和兴安北部相比,大兴安岭南部山地大面积苔藓植物地被层分布较少的主要原因是森林密度和湿度较低。因此,建立保护区对保护大兴安岭南部山地脆弱的森林、草原过渡生态系统,保护中国野生动植物类群及其他珍稀动植物的繁衍均具有十分重要的意义。     

广西那坡县苔藓植物初步研究

通过对广西那坡县475份苔藓植物标本的整理和鉴定,获得该地区苔藓植物40科81属163种及亚种、变种,其中有34个广西新纪录种.在科属组成分析中,优势科有灰藓科、丛藓科、蔓藓科等,优势属为真藓属、灰藓属、青藓属等.区系成分以东亚成分为主,占总数的30.06％,温带和热带成分所占比例也较高,反映那坡县具南北过渡的特点;中...     

千岛湖生境片断化对苔藓植物多样性的影响

选取浙江千岛湖东南湖区的10个岛屿和1个半岛,详细研究了苔藓植物组成及生境片断化对其多样性的影响。研究结果表明：该区域有苔藓植物37科71属129种,其中浙江新记录3种。群落类型主要包括土生群落、石生群落和树生群落。苔藓植物区系以东亚成分为主,其次为北温带成分和热带亚洲分布,分别占总种数的39.45%、20.18%和18.35%,说明该地区苔藓植物区系具有典型的东亚特征。岛屿面积对苔藓植物分布影响结果显示：不受岛屿面积影响的苔藓植物有29种,受岛屿面积影响的苔藓植物有58种;各岛屿苔藓植物物种数与岛屿累加面积存在明显正相关。     

贵州乌江东风水库库区消落带苔藓植物区系分析

采用典型调查与路线调查相结合的方法,对贵州乌江东风水库库区消落带苔藓植物区系的物种组成、生活型、分布区类型和丰富性进行了调查和分析.结果表明:该区域共有苔藓植物18科58属101种,其中,藓类植物有16科56属99种,苔类植物有2科2属2种;优势科为灰藓科(Hypnaceae)、青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)和丛藓科(Pottiaceae),优势属为青藓属(Brahchythecium B.S.G.)、真藓属(Bryum Hedw.)和小曲尾藓属〔Dicranella(Müll.Hal.)Schimp.〕;单属科和单种属所占比例均较高,分别占该区域苔藓植物总科数和总属数的500%和638%.该区域分布的苔藓植物生活型可分为交织型、丛集型、垫状和平铺型4类,以丛集型种数最多(48种),占该区域苔藓植物总种数的475%.该区域分布的苔藓植物可划分为12个分布区类型,其中,温带成分种类最多,所占比例为815%;热带成分所占比例仅为185%;中国特有种所占比例也较高,为207%.该区域苔藓植物的丰富性综合系数(Si)为-03608,低于相邻的六冲河下游流域.综合分析结果表明:该区域的苔藓植物多样性较为丰富,多数种类具有较强的抗逆性,且丛集型苔藓种类最多,与库区消落带的特殊生境相适应;地理成分以东亚成分和北温带成分为主,总体属温带性质,且中国特有种较多,反映出该区域苔藓植物区系的特殊性和复杂性.     

广东省木质藤本植物地理成分及园林应用潜力分析

在对广东省木质藤本植物资源进行分析的基础上,结合对广州公园和校园的调查、统计,从区系地理学角度分析木质藤本的地理成分以及在园林应用中的潜力。结果显示,广东省木质藤本共有578种（含亚种、变种、栽培种和变型）,隶属于59科161属。其中,热带性科占总科数的71.12%,热带性属占总属数的81.99%,表明木质藤本的地理成分具有典型的热带性,这与广东省地处东亚季风气候特点相一致。乡土种531种,占91.87%,外来种47种,仅占8.13%,说明广东省木质藤本乡土植物种质资源非常丰富;但应用于广州园林中的木质藤本仅28科46属61种,其中乡土植物34种,外来植物27种,应用种类较少,园林应用潜力较大。建议在园林建设中通过增加优良种类的应用数量和提高应用频率,以及驯化观赏价值高的乡土种等途径来提高木质藤本的种类多样性和景观多样性。     

贵州施秉喀斯特世界自然遗产提名地苔藓植物区系特征

由于地理环境优越、海拔跨度大、生境异质性高、人为影响小等原因,贵州施秉喀斯特世界自然遗产提名地的苔藓植物丰富,共有50科128属286种（含变种和亚种）,其中苔类17科23属43种,藓类33科105属243种。其优势科、属均反映了该区系的温带向热带过渡的性质。区系地理成分分析结果显示,该区苔藓植物北方温带成分、热带成分和东亚成分分别占37．12％、31．82％和30．30％,其中中国特有分布型占12．12％,反映了施秉喀斯特苔藓植物区系具有温热并重、东亚色彩浓厚、特有性较高的特征。通过对施秉喀斯特与其它五个区域的苔藓区系进行对比发现．施秉苔藓区系丰富度高,与同为云贵区的香纸沟、马岭河、罗平喀斯特地区亲缘关系最近。     

云南罗平多依河景区苔藓植物区系研究

为了解云南罗平多依河景区的苔藓植物多样性和区系特征,对该区苔藓植物进行了调查,并对其区系地理成分进行了统计分析。结果表明,该区有苔藓植物34科59属116种(含变种和亚种),其优势科、属均反映了该苔藓区系以温带成分为主,并有部分热带亚热带成分。苔藓区系的地理成分复杂,以北温带分布型(27.03%)、热带亚洲分布型(25.23%)、东亚分布型(19.82%)和中国特有分布型(10.81%)占优势;以热带成分、北方温带成分和东亚成分为主导,分别占34.23%、35.14%和30.63%;反映了该苔藓植物区系温热并存且具有较高特有性的特征。与邻近13个地区的苔藓区系进行对比分析,多依河苔藓植物区系的物种丰富度较高(排第8位),与贵阳香纸沟的亲缘关系最近,这与两地相近的地理位置、海拔高度,以及相同的喀斯特河谷环境是分不开的。     

舟山群岛苔藓植物地理成分分析——兼论苔藓植物地理成分的划分方法

以舟山群岛284种苔藓植物为对象,根据世界生物多样性网站、Tropicos网站和公开出版的文献资料,获得它们在全球的地理分布记录,然后按经度15°、纬度7°30'间隔,将世界分成576个地理区域,运用ArcGis 10.2,获得它们在576个地理区域分布的0/1数据矩阵,基于这数据对284种苔藓植物的地理分布式样进行聚类分析,结合它们在全球的分布情况,识别出了11个地理成分,分别是世界广布（26,9.15%）、北温带分布（36,12.68%）、全温带（北温带—南温带间断）分布（30,10.56%）、旧世界温带分布（16,5.63%）、东亚—北美间断分布（11,3.87%）、东亚分布（84,29.58%）、泛热带分布（28,9.86%）、旧世界热带分布（6,2.11%）、热带亚洲—巴布亚新几内亚分布（11,3.87%）、东亚—热带亚洲—巴布亚新几内分布（6,2.11%）、东亚—热带亚洲—巴布亚新几内亚—澳洲—大洋洲分布（11,3.87%）,其他（19,6.69%）地理分布特点不明的种类。舟山群岛的11组地理成分中,有8组与吴征镒的种子植物地理分布类型划分标准相吻合,但是舟山群岛苔藓植物的热带亚洲地理成分不明显,范围也比种子植物同类型分布更广,因而作了进一步细分。     

Floral visitors in urban gardens and natural areas: Diversity and interaction networks in a neotropical urban landscape

Because cities concentrate 50% of the world’s population, and are experiencing a re-emergence of urban agriculture, we investigated the influences of urban agriculture and surrounding natural areas on floral visitors (bees, wasps, butterflies and flies) and plant species in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico.Throughout the frost, dry and rainy seasons of 2015, we sampled floral visitors in nine urban gardens and nine natural areas. We found 210 floral visitor species: 78% pollinators, 18% predators, and 4% florivores. Rarefaction curves showed that natural areas harbor significantly more floral visitor species (148) than home gardens (132). However, the differences in species composition between habitats and seasons highlight the need to view natural areas and home gardens as complementary habitats with which floral visitors interact in varying ways, during successive seasons, to meet different needs. Furthermore, mean species richness of floral visitors was influenced mainly by seasonality, and increased as seasons progressed from the dry, frost season to the rainy season. Nonetheless, some taxa were influenced by both season and habitat type. Floral visitor abundance was influenced by both habitat type and season, with home gardens showing higher abundance across seasons. Moreover, interaction networks for each season were more asymmetric in natural areas than in home gardens. Urban cover in the surrounding landscape influenced in a quadratic way the species number of floral visitors, but not their abundance. Thus, our results are evidence that natural areas surrounding cities and urban agriculture contribute to floral visitor communities and their networks.     

喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山地区植物区系组成和分布规律的研究

 喀喇昆仑山—昆仑山地区植物区系组成比较贫乏,在东经90˚以西仅有高等植物约827种,分属于60个科272属。其中,蕨类植物仅3科3属5种,禾本科植物最多,有136种。菊科、豆科、十字花科、莎草科和藜科分别排列在第二至第六位,均含50种以上。区系地理成分组成以中亚的为主,青藏高原成分居第二位。但是,不同的地段存在着明显的差异,在昆仑山主脊南侧高原和中昆仑库木库勒山间盆地青藏高原成分占有的比例高于中亚成分。随着海拔的升高,区系地理成分的组成也发生了有规律的变化,中亚成分占有的比例下降,适应高寒气候的青藏高原成分占有的比例急剧升高,在海拔4250m左右两者占有的比例相等,在海拔5000m以上青藏高原成分显著超过中亚成分。对该地区8个地段的植物区系相似性分析显示,昆仑山主脊南北两翼植物区系的差异远大于东西方向的差异。植物区系地理成分的组成与海拔高度的关系以及植物区系的地理分异规律说明,昆仑山脉作为中亚植物亚区与青藏高原植物亚区之间的分界是符合客观实际的。     

Study on the Bryoflora in Yunmeng Mountain,south Hebei Province,China

Mountain Yunmeng(37°20'N,113°54'E)is 1520m above sea level and part of the Taihang Mountains.With a temperate continental monsoon climate,the mountain area belongs to the warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest region.This thesis was mostly based on the study of more than 2000 packages of bryophytes which were mainly collected by the authors in Mt.Yunmeng.Hebei Province.Of these specimens,there are 36 families,99 genera,and 244 species(including 17 varieties,5 formes,and 1 subspecies)which have been studied and identified.Moreover,it could be seen that Mt.Yunmeng has a diverse population of bryophytes.The bryoflora could be divided into 10 geographical elements:north temperate element make up the majority,accounting for 52.11% of the entire known bryoflora,and another belongs to the East Asian element,accounting for 19.25%.All temperate elements,not including 14 endemic to China and 31 Cosmopolitans,were added up to 188 species,which took 88.3% of all the entire known bryoflora in Mt.Yunmeng.However,there were only 11 Subtropical and Tropical elements.To all appearances,the bryoflora of Mt.Yunmeng showed obvious temperate characteristics.The authors conclude that the bryoflora in Mt.Yunmeng belongs to the middle type,between the warm and dry northern mountain area and the warm and damp southern mountain area.The microclimatic environment greatly influences the bryoflora.     

贵州东部地区茶园土壤中气和前气门螨种类调查研究（蜱螨亚纲）

报道了贵州东部地区茶园土壤中气门和前气门螨类29种,分属2亚目11科。     

盆栽和方池——东南亚园林的印度线索

本文以东南亚园林中的两个常见元素—盆栽和方池为例,呈现了印度文明对东南亚园林的影响。在此基础上,通过案例呈现了东南亚园林的宗教和哲学内涵以及相应的常见造园手法。以此指出,东南亚园林不只是对中国、欧洲园林的模仿,其园林设计受印度影响较大,且有一以贯之的逻辑,并能够承载深刻的思想内涵     

Analysing the Floral Elements of the Lost Tree of Easter Island: A Morphometric Comparison between the Remaining Ex-Situ Lines of the Endemic Extinct Species Sophora toromiro

Sophora toromiro (Phil) Skottsb. is a species that has been extinct in its natural habitat Easter Island (Rapa Nui) for over 50 years. However, seed collections carried out before its extinction have allowed its persistence ex-situ in different botanical gardens and private collections around the world. The progenies of these diverse collections have been classified in different lines, most of them exhibiting high similarity as corroborated by molecular markers. In spite of this resemblance observed between the different lines, one of them (Titze) has dissimilar floral elements, thus generating doubts regarding its species classification. The floral elements (wing, standard and keel) belonging to three different S. toromiro lines and two related species were analyzed using geometric morphometrics. This method was applied in order to quantify the floral shape variation of the standard, wing, and keel between the different lines and control species. Geometric morphometrics analyses were able to distinguish the floral elements at both intra (lines) and inter-specific levels. The present results are on line with the cumulative evidence that supports the Titze line as not being a proper member of the S. toromiro species, but probably a hybridization product or even another species of the Edwardsia section. The reintroduction programs of S. toromiro should consider this information when assessing the authenticity and origin of the lines that will be used to repopulate the island.     

Gardens in urbanizing rural areas reveal an unexpected floral diversity related to housing density

The increasing urbanization of rural areas leads to a strong development of horticultural flora, which is the main source of alien and invasive plants. In order to assess the pool of cultivated species under different urbanization pressures, the diversity and distribution of horticultural flora were studied in 120 Mediterranean gardens belonging to three housing density types. The results showed a great richness and heterogeneity of this flora, and similarities in species composition between gardens of the same housing density types. Twenty-four percent of the cultivated species are well adapted to the Mediterranean climate, and 21 species known to be invasive on the French territory have emanated from gardens. Inventorying areas adjoining gardens would be useful in identifying escaped garden plants and to assess the associated risks for biological diversity. The results also suggested a detailed analysis of the influence of social, economic and regional factors on planting practices, in order to identify the drivers of these original floral patterns.     

冀南云梦山苔藓植物区系

河北南部云梦山区苔藓植物种类较为丰富,有244种,隶属36科99属。区系成分以北温带成分为主(52.11%),其次是东亚成分(19.25%),具有明显的温带性质。提出该区系组成属于温暖干旱的北方山地和温暖潮湿的南方山地的中间类型,个别区域小气候环境条件对苔藓植物区系组成具有重要意义的观点。文中对成因进行了初步探讨。