贵州乌江东风水库库区消落带苔藓植物区系分析

采用典型调查与路线调查相结合的方法,对贵州乌江东风水库库区消落带苔藓植物区系的物种组成、生活型、分布区类型和丰富性进行了调查和分析.结果表明:该区域共有苔藓植物18科58属101种,其中,藓类植物有16科56属99种,苔类植物有2科2属2种;优势科为灰藓科(Hypnaceae)、青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)和丛藓科(Pottiaceae),优势属为青藓属(Brahchythecium B.S.G.)、真藓属(Bryum Hedw.)和小曲尾藓属〔Dicranella(Müll.Hal.)Schimp.〕;单属科和单种属所占比例均较高,分别占该区域苔藓植物总科数和总属数的500%和638%.该区域分布的苔藓植物生活型可分为交织型、丛集型、垫状和平铺型4类,以丛集型种数最多(48种),占该区域苔藓植物总种数的475%.该区域分布的苔藓植物可划分为12个分布区类型,其中,温带成分种类最多,所占比例为815%;热带成分所占比例仅为185%;中国特有种所占比例也较高,为207%.该区域苔藓植物的丰富性综合系数(Si)为-03608,低于相邻的六冲河下游流域.综合分析结果表明:该区域的苔藓植物多样性较为丰富,多数种类具有较强的抗逆性,且丛集型苔藓种类最多,与库区消落带的特殊生境相适应;地理成分以东亚成分和北温带成分为主,总体属温带性质,且中国特有种较多,反映出该区域苔藓植物区系的特殊性和复杂性.

Analysis on bryophyte flora in fluctuating belt of Dongfeng Reservoir area in Wujiang River of Guizhou Province

Composition, life?form, distribution type and richness of bryophyte flora in fluctuating belt of Dongfeng Reservoir area in Wujiang River of Guizhou Province were investigated and analyzed by method of combining typical and route investigations. The results show that there are totally 101 species belonging to 58 genera in 18 families of bryophytes in this area, in which, there are 99 species belonging to 56 genera in 16 families of mosses, and 2 species belonging to 2 genera in 2 families of liverworts. The dominant families are Hypnaceae, Brachytheciaceae and Pottiaceae, and the dominant genera are Brahchythecium B. S. G., Bryum Hedw. and Dicranella (Müll. Hal.) Schimp. The percentages of single?genus family and single?species genus are relatively high, accounting for 500% and 638% of total family and total genus numbers of bryophytes in this area, respectively. Life?form of bryophytes distributed in this area can be divided into 4 types, i. e. weft, turf, cushion and mat. Among them, species number of turf is the highest ( 48 species ) , accounting for 475% of total species number of bryophytes in this area. Bryophytes distributed in this area can be divided into 12 distribution types, in which, species of temperate element is the most with a percentage of 815%; the percentage of tropical element is only 185%;the percentage of Chinese endemic species is relatively high with a percentage of 207%. Richness comprehensive coefficient (Si) of bryophytes in this area is -03608, which is lower than that of contiguous downstream area of Liuchong River. The comprehensive analysis result shows that the diversity of bryophytes in this area is relatively high, most of the species have a strong stress resistance, and species of turf bryophytes are the most, which is adapted to the special habitat in fluctuating belt of reservoir area. Geographical elements are mainly composed of East Asia and North Temperate elements with temperate property in general. Moreover, there are abundant Chinese endemic species in this area, and it reflects the particularity and complexity of bryophyte flora in this area.