模拟淹水对枫杨和栓皮栎气体交换、叶绿素荧光和水势的影响

研究了人工模拟淹水胁迫对两年生栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)和枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)树苗的影响。经过70 d的淹水处理两种植物的存活率均为100%。淹水对两种植物生理生态过程的早期影响是快速降低了二者的最大净光合速率(P_max)、气孔导度(G_s)、最大光化学量子效率(F_v/F_m)。经过7 d的淹水处理后,受淹栓皮栎的最大净光合速率是对照的39%,枫杨是对照的42%;受淹栓皮栎的气孔导度是对照的38.8%,枫杨是对照的71.9%;水淹5 d后,枫杨和栓皮栎的最大光化学量子效率分别为0.694和0.757。但经过最初的下降后,枫杨的最大净光合速率、气孔导度和最大光化学量子效率逐渐恢复,而栓皮栎的则持续下降。到淹水70 d时栓皮栎的最大净光合速率下降了94.1%,最大光化学量子效率的平均值为0.537。在试验过程中,枫杨产生了有利于吸收氧气的不定根和肥大的皮孔,而栓皮栎没有产生不定根。随淹水时间的增加枫杨的叶绿素含量与对照没有显著差异;而栓皮栎的叶绿素含量在第33 d后大幅降低,Chla/Chlb的比值下降。淹水后第10 d和第70 d测定的清晨水势,受淹栓皮栎比对照高,而受淹枫杨比对照低,因此淹水导致的叶片水势的变化可能与树种相关。以上的试验结果表明受淹的栓皮栎的光合机构运转受到了严重影响,因此栓皮栎应属于对淹水较敏感的树种。从两种植物受淹水胁迫的形态和生理变化看,枫杨比栓皮栎更耐淹,更适合库塘消落区生境。     

淹水胁迫对I-69/55杨蒸腾作用的影响

对Ｉ－６９／５５杨在人为控制条件下进行淹水胁迫试验,对照和淹水下分别测定其叶片的蒸腾速率（Ｔｒ）和净光合速率（Ｐｎ）,结果表明,在胁迫条件下净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度都有所下降,但在测定的时间期限内净光合速率基本不变,而蒸腾速率和气孔导度则随淹水时间的延长而下降;对照条件下光合速率和蒸腾速率都具有明显的日变化双峰曲线和季节变化,夏季净光合速率和蒸腾速率最高;水分利用率的的季节变化明显,秋季最高     

江西地区不同品种苎麻的生理生化特性分析(简报)

在6个苎麻品种的17项生理生化指标中,净光合速率、水分自然饱和亏缺、可溶性糖含量、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、硝酸还原酶（NR）活性和游离脯氨酸（Pro）含量的变异系数达22．4％～31．8％,光合、电导率、POD、NR和Pro等与原麻或总干物生产能力有较强相关性,而叶绿素含量、叶绿素a／b、比叶重、自由水等品种间差异较小,与生产力的关系不密切。电导率的日变化里单峰曲线,光合速率、水分自然饱和亏缺、电导中、Pro和叶绿素含量随育期变化较大。     

龙眼重回缩修剪树有机营养及枝梢生长特性

测定石硖龙眼树重回缩后各次梢的长度、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白质含量,结果表明:重回缩修剪树较对照多长1次梢,梢长也极显著大于对照;叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和对照都没有显著差异;净光合速率总体高于对照;可溶性糖含量极显著低于对照。施用PP333可以有效抑制枝梢徒长,对其它测定项目无显著影响。     

增铵营养对小麦光合作用及硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的影响

采用水培试验研究不同形态氮营养(NH4^+／NO3^-分别为0／100、50／50和100／0)对小麦光合作用及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响．结果表明,增铵营养较单—NO₃^-营养显著提高叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率及可溶性糖含量,叶、根中可溶性蛋白质含量和叶片硝酸还原酶活性。而对谷铵酰胺合成酶活性影响较小．与单—NO₃^-营养相比。增氨营养下叶片较高的可溶性糖含量与净光合速率的提高相关。而维持较高的叶片和根系可溶性糖／可溶性蛋白质比例有利于氮同化和生长．因此,增铵营养下提高了叶片净光合速率、可溶性糖含量和硝酸还原酶活性。维持较高叶片和根系可溶性糖／蛋白质比例。从而促进小麦生长．     

淹涝胁迫对鹅掌楸属植物叶片部分生理指标的影响

研究了淹涝胁迫对不同种源鹅掌楸[Liriodendron chinense（Hemsl．）Sarg．]和杂种鹅掌楸（L．chinense xL．tulipifera）幼苗部分生理指标的影响。结果表明：在淹水处理24h后,杂种鹅掌楸幼苗叶片的净光合速率变化不明显,鹅掌楸幼苗叶片的净光合速率则有一定程度的下降;在淹水处理48h后,净光合速率均大幅度下降。在淹涝胁迫下及胁迫解除后,幼苗叶片叶绿素含量持续缓慢下降;而脯氨酸含量总体上呈现上升的趋势;与鹅掌楸相比,杂种鹅掌楸幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性变化不明显,但SOD活性最高,POD活性最低。结果表明,杂种鹅掌楸具有较强的耐淹涝胁迫的能力。     

不同灌溉方式对杂交稻同化产物运转与分配特性的研究

采用盆钵实验和^14C-同位素示踪技术,在节水、淹水、干旱三种灌溉方式下对杂交稻组合C两优396、威优46不同生育期的光合特性及同化产物的运转与分配进行研究。结果表明：在生育前期节水处理的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、同化产物分配比例与淹水处理的差异不显著;水稻抽穗后,淹水处理叶绿素含量与净光合速率下降幅度均大于节水处理,同化产物分配比例显著低于节水处理,最终导致产量也低于节水处理。而十旱处理在整个生育期的剑叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、同化产物分配比例均低于节水、淹水处理,最终产量显著低于前两种处理。     

氮肥对风箱果幼苗形态和生理特性的影响

采用盆栽实验的方法,设置4种水平氮肥处理,研究不同氮肥处理对风箱果1年生幼苗的生长表现、生物量积累和分配、光合生理特征、非结构性碳（NSC）积累等的影响。结果表明：施用氮肥促进了风箱果幼苗的地径、分枝数和冠幅的生长,促进了茎、叶和总生物量的积累（P<0.05）,提高了茎的生物量分配比例,减少了根生物量的分配比例;施用氮肥显著提高了净光合速率、叶氮含量、茎中的可溶性糖和NSC的积累（P<0.05）,但减少了根中的可溶性糖和NSC含量（P<0.05）。不同水平氮肥处理间（N1、N2、N3）的大部分指标差异并不显著,说明风箱果幼苗对土壤养分的变化并不敏感。     

遮荫处理对罗汉果果肉组织中罗汉果苷和糖分含量的影响

该研究以罗汉果品种“永青1号”为材料,在果实发育后期进行不同强度的遮荫处理,测定遮荫处理下果肉组织中罗汉果苷各组分含量、各种糖分的积累及其相关糖代谢酶活性、叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明：重度遮荫(70％遮荫)会导致果实中罗汉果甜苷Ⅴ含量显著提高,遮荫60 d(授粉后90 d),对照与70％遮荫处理果实中罗汉果甜苷Ⅴ含量分别为4.83％、5.79％,差异达极显著水平( P<0.01);70％遮荫处理下果实中葡萄糖、果糖含量也明显高于对照( P<0.05)。与罗汉果甜苷Ⅴ、葡萄糖、果糖含量的变化不同,遮荫60 d,70％遮荫处理下罗汉果果实中可溶性糖、蔗糖的含量分别显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)低于对照。另外,遮荫处理导致罗汉果叶片净光合速率下降,遮荫40 d,70％遮荫处理下叶片的净光合速率显著低于对照( P<0.05)。综上说明,重度遮荫处理可以引起罗汉果果实品质的改变;光合速率下降是遮荫处理下可溶性糖含量降低的主要原因;SPS、AI、SSC活性的改变则是遮荫导致蔗糖含量降低及葡萄糖、果糖含量上升的重要因素;重度遮荫条件下,荫棚中温度降低可能是罗汉果果实中甜苷Ⅴ含量增高的关键诱因。该研究结果为罗汉果的生产及品质调控提供了理论依据。     

果蔗叶片生理生化指标与品质性状的典范相关分析

选用果蔗（Saccharum officinarum L．）14个品种,用典范相关分析法研究不同生育期叶片生理生化指标对果蔗品质性状的影响。结果表明：分蘖期类胡萝卜素含量与蔗茎蔗糖含量,可溶性总糖含量与蔗茎含水率,可溶性总糖含量与蔗汁还原糖含量均呈正相关;伸长初期叶绿素含量、CAT活性与蔗茎蔗糖含量,可溶性蛋白质含量与蔗茎纤维含量均呈正相关;伸长盛期Mg^2＋ -ATP酶活性与蔗茎纤维含量,可溶性总糖含量与蔗茎蔗糖含量呈正相关,C／N与蔗茎含水率呈负相关;成熟期类胡萝卜素含量与蔗茎蔗糖含量呈正相关,可溶性总糖含量与蔗汁还原糖含量呈负相关。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.