太行山猕猴的肥满度

太行山猕猴自然保护区位于河南省西北部 ,已于 1 998年升格为国家级自然保护区。地理坐标为北纬 3 4°5 4′～ 3 5°2 0′,东经 1 1 0°0 2′～ 1 1 4°1 0′。保护区内生活有国家二级保护动物太行山猕猴约 1 5 0 0余只 ,现已成为我国乃至世界野生猕猴分布的最北限[1 ] 。该种群属华北亚种 (Ｍａｃａｃａｍｕｌａｔｔａｔｃｈｅｌｉｅｎｓｉｓ) ,为我国特产动物 ,不仅在生理、生态、行为、形态等方面与南方种群有明显差异 ,且具有独特的、其它地区猕猴无法替代的遗传多样性[2 ] 。近年来 ,由于环境恶化及诸多人为因素的影响 ,致使该区域猕猴…     

青岛市1999年秋季鸟类迁徙报告

青岛市地处山东半岛西南端 ,位于北纬 3 5°3 5′～3 7°0 9′、东经 1 1 9°3 1′～ 1 2 1°。由于濒临黄海 ,受海洋季风的影响 ,雨量充沛 ,温度适中 ,冬无严寒 ,夏无酷暑 ,年平均气温 1 2 2℃ ,最低月均温 -1 2℃ ,最高月均温 2 5℃ ,植物资源丰富 ,昆虫及海洋生物多 ,是东部沿海候鸟迁徙的主要停歇地。青岛鸟类保护环志站是中国大陆最早建立开展鸟类环志研究的站点之一。迄今已环志鸟类 5 8万只。在 1 3处环志点开展了鸟类迁徙环志研究 ,积累了一些资料。目前已查明境内有旅鸟 2 52种、冬候鸟 3 4种、夏候鸟 4 9种。1　环志点及工作方…     

黄河上游玛曲县生态环境问题与综合治理对策

1　自然地理条件概况玛曲县位于甘肃省西南部 ,10 0°4 5′4 5″～ 10 2°2 9′0 0″Ｅ ,33°0 6′30″～ 34°30′15″Ｎ ,土地总面积 1 0 19× 10 4 ｋｍ2 ,是黄河上游以藏民族聚居为主的纯牧业县。阿尼玛卿山、西倾山两大山系主脉形成的西部高山区、中南部阿尼玛卿山东南端和西倾山前山地带丘陵区及黄河沿岸河流阶地构成地形地貌格局[12 ] ,大部分区域海拔 35 0 0～ 380 0ｍ。玛曲属高原大陆性气候 ,年平均气温 1.1℃～2 .7℃ ,年平均降水量 5 0 1.6～ 6 15 .5ｍｍ ,主要集中于 5～ 9月 ,年蒸发量 10 0 0～ 15 0 0ｍｍ[5] 。年平均风速 2…     

泉州市野生观赏植物资源研究(摘要)

泉州市位于亚热带季风性气候区 ,水热条件优越。地处福建省东南部 ,东经 1 1 7°2 5′～ 1 1 9°0 5′,北纬 2 4°30′～ 2 5°5 0′,面积约 1 0 86 5 .87ｋｍ2 。年平均气温 2 0 .6℃ ,最冷 1～ 2月份平均气温 1 0 .5℃ ,最热 7月份平均气温 2 6 .6℃ ,≥ 1 0℃的年积温为 6 480～ 71 0 9℃ ;年降雨量为 1 30 0ｍｍ左右 ,降雨多集中在 3～ 5月 ,8～ 9月有台风降雨。无霜期 2 6 0～35 1天。地貌类型有中山、丘陵、台地、坡麓、平原、海滩等。土壤以红壤、砖壤土为主。泉州市主要植被类型可分 :沿海地区和内陆地区植被。沿海地区包括晋江、石…     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟野菜资源及利用(摘要)

呼伦贝尔盟地处我国东北部 ,东经 1 1 5°31′～ 1 2 6°0 4′,北纬 47°0 5′～ 5 3°2 0′;土地总面积 2 5万ｋｍ2 ,大兴岭山脉贯穿南北 ,将该盟分为岭东和岭西两部分。呼盟属大陆性气候 ,年平均气温岭东2 .2℃ ,岭西 -2 .2℃ ;年降水量岭东 479ｍｍ ,岭西 339ｍｍ ;无霜期岭东 1 2 0天 ,岭西 90～ 1 1 0天。呼盟的野生高等植物的 1 5 0 0余种 (包括变种 ) ,分属 1 1 7科 5 6 0属。其中野菜 1 2 7种 (变种 ) ,分属 2 9科 77属 ,占全盟高等植物总数的 8.4%。按野菜利用程度的不同可以分以下几个类型 :1 .利用程度大、经济价值高的野菜　 (1…     

福州地区的黑翅鸢

黑翅鸢 (Ｅｌａｎｕｓｃａｅｒｕｌｅｕｓ)为国家二级保护珍稀鸟类。国外分布于欧洲南部、亚洲、非洲、美洲、澳大利亚 ,国内分布于广西西南部、海南、云南昆明、普文和南部西双版纳 (留鸟 ) [1] 、浙江 (夏候鸟 ) [2 ] 。 1 992年 1 2月我们在福州地区长乐市文武沙首次发现黑翅鸢[3] ,随后又在福清、福州郊区、闽侯、永泰、长乐发现黑翅鸢为留鸟 ,报道如下。福州地区地处福建省中部和东南部 ,介于东经1 1 5°～ 1 2 0°4 3′,北纬 2 3°2 3′～ 2 8°2 9′之间 ,位于北亚热带。福清、长乐的东南面具有广阔的沿海围垦农田和大片的防风木麻黄…     

稻水象甲越冬成虫的耐寒力测定

测定了浙江乐清 (北纬 2 8 1 4°,东经 1 2 0 94°)稻水象甲LissorhoptrusoryzophilusKuschel越冬成虫的耐寒力 ,从 1 1月下旬至 3月下旬平均过冷却点温度为 -1 5 3～ -2 1 2℃ ,结冰点温度为 -1 4 0～ -1 8 6℃。结合发生地气温条件 ,讨论了该地冬春季低温对该虫越冬群存活的影响。     

四川省广元市城郊的鸟类

1　自然概况广元市位于四川盆地北部周缘 ,东经 1 0 5°1 2′～1 0 6°1 7′ ,北纬 31°53′～ 32°52′。地势由北向南逐步降低 ,海拔多为 60 0～ 90 0ｍ ,以林、草覆盖为主 ,间有部分耕地的浅丘地带 ,市区内有嘉陵江及其支流南河、白龙江及清江河。市区北部属秦巴区北亚热带湿润季风气候。市区南部属四川盆地中亚热带湿润季风气候。区内四季分明 ,雨量充沛。 7、8月最高气温 38 6℃ ,1月份最低气温零下 5℃ ,年平均 1 6 1℃ ,无霜期 2 63天。降水主要集中在 6～ 9月份 ,年降雨量 972 6ｍｍ。2　自然环境与鸟类数量分布的历史变迁2 0世纪 …     

白蚁

大多数人对白蚁是比较陌生的,因为它们的分布范围局限在热带亚热带地区(约在北纬23°30′—南纬23°30′之间);在寒带和寒温带地区白蚁算是稀客(北半球只有少数种类,如长头(?)属的某些种(Reticulitermes spp.)能达到北纬40°(亚洲)—52°(北美),而种群数量也相当少,所以白蚁是生物学上典型的热带生物;特别是各种形状奇离的白蚁塜(Termitaria),在热带非洲、澳洲、南美和印度-马来等地常成为地理景观上的特点。我国白蚁主要分布于华南和西南的某些热带边缘地区(两广与云南),也有部分种类,如台湾黑翅(?)(Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki)、台湾泌乳(?)(Cop     

历山保护区山斑鸠的繁殖习性

1997～ 1 999年的 4～ 9月 ,在山西省历山国家级自然保护区对山斑鸠 (Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｐｅｌｉａｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ)的繁殖习性进行了观察 ,报道如下。1　工作区概况及方法山西历山国家级自然保护区位于中条山东段 ,地处翼城、沁水、阳城、垣曲 4县交界 ,东经 1 1 1°51′～ 1 1 2°3 6′ ,北纬 3 5°1 6′～ 3 5°2 7′ ,总面积 2 4 80 0ｈａ ,主峰历山海拔 2 3 2 1ｍ。本区系石质山地 ,为南缓北陡的单面山。森林繁茂 ,灌木丛生 ,水源充沛。属暖温带季风型大陆性气候 ,夏季炎热多雨 ,冬季寒冷干燥 ,年均温 8～ 1 0℃ ,无霜期 1 80～ 2 0 …     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.