温度对扬子鳄卵野外孵化的影响

Influence of temperature on egg incubation of the wild Chinese alligator was studied during the summer seasons of 1999 and 2000(July to October and August to September,respectively)at three observation sites, Zhuangtou of Xuanzhou County,Shuangkeng and Zhongqiao of Jingxian county, Anhui Province. One nest at each of the above sites was monitored, bearing 19,17 and 19 eggs,respectively. According to the width of the band on the eggs, we estimated the dates that the eggs were laid. We recorded both the nest temperature and atmosphere temperature with an automated temperature data logger (HOBO Temp) during the whole observation period.We found that the average nest temperature maintained around 25 26℃ during incubation throughout day and night,within over two thirds of time in each day the nest temperature being higher than the atmosphere temperature. Analysis of our data revealed that alligator nests have buffering effect on the inside temperature. Higher nest temperature (27 30℃)increased the hatching rate. It was also noticed that the hatching rate varied considerably from site to site(between 0 100%). We conclude that climate is an important factor influencing egg hatching in the wild, and prolonged rainy season which caused large temperature fluctuation can decrease the hatching rate of the alligator eggs.     

镇海棘螈产卵位点及其对繁殖成功率的影响

We studied oviposition sites and their effects on the reproductive success of the Chinhai salamander (Echinotriton chinhaiensis) .The results showed that: (1) the female had strong preferences for spawning sites and oviposition microhabitat; (2) the most suitable oviposition sites were 30 cm higher than water level and 45 cm from the water body; (3) oviposition sites usually overlapped;(4) embryos could develop and hatch normally in water as well as on land. The hatching rate on land was high (94 3%), but the number of hatchlings that successfully migrated to water was low (52%±11%, n =3 in the laboratory, and approximatly 20% in nature). Based on the situation in laboratory, the average hatchling survival rate at all oviposition sites was 36 7%. Owing to oviposition on land, the reproductive success of Chinhai salamander was very low;(5) protecting the spawning sites and increasing the hatchling survival rate are the keys to conserving this species.     

Effects of Constant versus Fluctuating Incubation Temperatures on Hatching Success,Incubation Length,and Hatchling Morphology in the Chinese Skink(Plestiodon chinensis)

We incubated eggs of Plestiodon chinensis under five constant(24, 26, 28, 30, and 32 °C) and one fluctuating thermal regimes to examine the effects of constant versus fluctuating incubation temperatures on hatching success, incubation length, and hatchling morphology. The duration of incubation varied considerably among the six temperature treatments, whereas hatching success did not. The mean incubation length decreased as temperature increased in a nonlinear way, and increased as the thermal variance increased. Incubation temperature affected the body size(linear length and mass) and shape of hatchlings, with eggs incubated at 26, 28, and 30 °C producing larger and heavier hatchlings than did those incubated at 24 °C, 32 °C, or fluctuating temperatures. Our results showed that exposure of P. chinensis eggs to extreme temperatures for brief periods of time did not increase embryonic mortality and, in the fluctuating-temperature treatment, the thermal variance affected hatchling morphology more evidently than the thermal mean. Our results highlight the importance of the thermal variance in affecting embryonic development and hatchling morphology, and add further evidence that temperatures within the range of 26-30 °C are optimal for P. chinensis embryos.     

多氯联苯对鸡胚的毒性作用

The toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenlys (PCB) on embryonic chickens, especially on liver morphology, were studied. PCB (Aroclor 1 254) was injected into yolk of Hyline fertilized eggs, with doses of 0, 1, 10 and 100 μg/egg, respectively. The survival rate of chicken embryos in each PCB treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The hatching rate of 1 μg/egg group was only 40%. Subcutaneous edema and hydrocephally were found in dead embryos and newly hatched chicks of all treatment groups. Livers of newly hatched chickens were removed for examination of histological structures. After PCB treatment, severe liver injury was apparent. The hepatic structures were damaged and steatosis was observed, together with necrosis and cell vacuolation and pyknosis. There were more Kupffers cells in the hepatic sinusoid. No PAS positive staining was found in the hepatic cytoplasm, indicating that glycogen was exhausted in the hepatic cells. The higher death rate in PCB treated groups may be related to glycogen exhaustion. These findings indicate that PCBs reduced the hatching rate by causing severe subcutaneous edema and liver injury in chicken embryos.     

水温变化对绥芬河滩头雅罗鱼产卵的影响

The Dace ( Leucisus brandti Dybowski) was a migration fish in Suifen river. The Dace can spawn at the water temperatures from 7℃ to 25℃. Changing of water temperature is the leading factor cause the spawning population to ovulate. However, high or low current water temperature had no obvious effectuation on ovulating behavior of Dace. The ovulation of the Dace often occurred in the evening or next morning after the water temperature rapidly in creased. The fish spawning often occurred as the water temperature decreased at first, after a period of steady low water temperature, then increased. A massive ovulating action began at the time. If the rising of water temperature happens only after a period of steady level without any decreasing of the water temperature, the change can not stimulate ovulation of the Daces. Usually, every large scale ovulate can sustain for 1 or 2 days. The peak time of ovulation often appears in 48 hours after the water temperature increases. Once the spawning population began to ovulate, their actions will be very intense, so that even catching action of human on them can not prevent the ovulation. The test of artificial induced ovulation showed that only when variation of water temperature were more than 10℃ ( increased degree+decreased degree), the Dace would ovulate. The Dace began to ovulate in 12～36 hours after the water temperature's change. The efficient time was shorter and the ovulation rate was higher the variation of water temperature were greater. At the range from 8℃ to 24℃, as high or low water temperature had no effect on the efficient time stimulating ovulate, the Dace can not ovulate out of the temperature range.     

Potential resistance of tricin in rice against brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

The aerial parts of resistant rice plant (IR36) was immersed in 85% ethanol at room temperature, and ethanol-soluble extracts were prepared. Different solvents including petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol, and water were then used to separate the ethanol-soluble extracts and different solvent fractions were obtained. These fractions were tested for their effects on the mortality rate of the brown planthopper nymphae (BPH). The results indicated that EtOAc fractions had significant effects on the mortality of brown planthopper nymphae after the third day of treatment. EtOAc fractions of resistant rice plants (IR36) were separated using column chromatography over silica gel and 5,7,4′ -trihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyflavone (tricin) was isolated. After the BPH were allowed to feed on diets containing tricin for 15 days, it was found that the weight of honeydew of the nymphae showed a decrease as tricin concentrations in the diets increased. The mortality rate of the nymphae increased with increasing tricin concentration. The corrected mortality rate was 58.21% for the 3rd instar nymphae and 31.75% for the 4th instar nymphae, respectively, at 500 μg/ml concentration. In addition, tricin (500 μg/ml) significantly inhibited oviposition behavior and feeding of the brown planthopper females in choice tests when spread on susceptible rice plant (TN1).     

Identification of a denitrifying bacterium and verification of its anaerobic ammonium oxidation ability

A strain D3 of denitrifying bacterium was isolated from an anammox reactor,and identi-fied as Pseudomonas mendocina based on the morphological and physiological assay,Vitek test,Biolog test,(G C) mol% content,and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis.As a typical denitrifying bac-terium,strain D3 achieved the maximal nitrate reduction rate of 26.2 mg/(L·d) at the nitrate concen-tration of 88.5 mg N/L.The optimal pH and growth temperature were 7.84 and 34.9℃,respectively.Strain D3 was able to oxidize ammonia under anaerobic condition.The maximum nitrate and ammo-nium utilization rates were 6.37 mg/(L·d) and 3.34 mg/(L·d) ,respectively,and the consumption ratio of ammonia to nitrate was 1:1.91.Electron microscopic observation revealed peculiar cell inclusions in strain D3.Because of its relation to anammox activity,strain D3 was presumed to be anammoxosome.The present investigation proved that denitrifying bacteria have the anammox ability,and the results have engorged the range of anammox populations.     

Fermentative production of dextran using Leuconostoc spp. isolated from fermented food products

Leuconostoc spp. （LSland LI1） isolated from sauerkraut and idli batter was selected for dextran production. To enhance the yield of dextran, effects of various parameters such as sucrose concentration, pH, temperature, incubation and inoculum percentage were analyzed. The optimum sucrose concentration for the Leuconostoc spp. （LS1 and LI1） was found to be 15% and 25% respectively. Isolates produced maximum dextran after 20 h of incubation at 29℃ and the optimum pH was found between 8 and 8.5. The inoculum concentration of 7.5% was more favorable for the production of dextran by Leuconostoc spp. （LS1 and LI1）. The growth kinetic parameters were studied and compared for the strains LS1 and LI1. Mass production of dextran was carried out using a stirred tank batch reactor. FTIR analysis was done to determine the functional groups of dextran, sephadex is prepared by cross linking dextran using epichlorohydrin and the functional groups are determined by FTIR analysis.     

Joint effects of acetochlor and urea on germinating characteristics of crop seeds

In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in common use, joint toxic effects of acetochlor and urea on germinating characteristics of Chinese cabbage (Brassica Pe-kinensis Rupr) seeds were investigated using the water-culture method and the soil-culture method. The results indicated(that excessive application of acetochlor and urea, when the concentrations were higher than 31.3 mg ·kg-1 for acetochlor and 500 mg ·kg-1 for urea, had strong inhibitory effects on the rate of seed germination, root elongation and hypocotyl length of Chinese cabbage. The inhibitory rate of the germinating characteristics of Chinese cabbage seeds was significantly increased with an increase in the concentration of acetochlor or urea. The two agrochemicals in water had a stronger toxicity than these in the soil at the same concentration. Among the three indexes, hypocotyl length was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor and urea.     

Effects of Irradiance and Temperature on the Photosynthesis and Vegetative Propagation of Caulerpa serrulata

The photosynthetic oxygen evolution of Caulerpa serrulata was determined with oxygen electrodes. The effects of light and temperature on the growth and regeneration of fragmented C. serrulata thalli were analyzed. The regenerating rate and establishment of different sizes and portions of C. serrulata were studied. The results showed that the light saturation point of C. serrulata was 200 μmol photons/m^2 per s and the optimum growth temperature was 25-30 ℃. Under these conditions, the maximum photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate was 15.1 ± 0.29 mg O2/mg Chl alh, the growth rate and elongation rate reached the highest values, 4.67 ±0.09 mg FW/d and 0.78± 0.01 mm/d, respectively. The fragmented C. serrulata thalli was regenerated at 20-35℃ and survived at 15℃ and 200 μmol photons/m^2 per s. A different survival rate was detected according to fragment size. All of these results indicated that C. serrulata was a candidate to become an invasive species if introduced into a new place. Therefore, we should pay more attention to C. serrulata for its potential threat to marine ecosystem when it is sold for aquarium use.     

虎斑乌贼的胚胎耗氧率

为了探究虎斑乌贼胚胎不同发育时期的耗氧率变化和几种生态因子对胚胎发育过程耗氧率的影响,试验采用封闭静水装置,对不同发育时期(12期)的耗氧率进行测定,并研究不同盐度(21、24、27、30、33)、温度(18、21、24、27、30 ℃)和pH(7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0)对胚胎4个主要发育时期(受精卵期、原肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼形成期)耗氧率的影响.结果表明: 胚胎各个发育时期耗氧率不同,随着发育的进程而增大,受精卵期为0.082 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1,而到原肠胚期的耗氧率显著升高,为0.279 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1,到孵化期时,耗氧率达到1.367 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1;盐度对器官形成期和内骨骼形成期的耗氧率均有显著影响(P<0.05),对受精卵期和原肠胚期影响不显著(P>0.05),当盐度为30时,4个发育时期耗氧率均达到最大值,分别为0.082、0.200、0.768和1.301 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1;温度对原肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼形成期的耗氧率有显著影响(P<0.05),对受精卵期无显著性影响(P>0.05),在27 ℃时,胚胎4个发育时期均达到最大值,分别为0.082、0.286、0.806和1.338 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1;而pH对4个发育时期的耗氧率均无显著性影响(P>0.05),受精卵期在pH 8.0时达到最大值,为0.116 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1,原肠胚期、器官形成期、内骨骼形成期在pH 8.5时达到最大值,分别为0.281 、0.799和1.130 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1.     

虎斑乌贼的胚胎耗氧率

为了探究虎斑乌贼胚胎不同发育时期的耗氧率变化和几种生态因子对胚胎发育过程耗氧率的影响,试验采用封闭静水装置,对不同发育时期(12期)的耗氧率进行测定,并研究不同盐度(21、24、27、30、33)、温度(18、21、24、27、30 ℃)和pH(7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0)对胚胎4个主要发育时期(受精卵期、原肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼形成期)耗氧率的影响.结果表明: 胚胎各个发育时期耗氧率不同,随着发育的进程而增大,受精卵期为0.082 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1,而到原肠胚期的耗氧率显著升高,为0.279 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1,到孵化期时,耗氧率达到1.367 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1;盐度对器官形成期和内骨骼形成期的耗氧率均有显著影响(P<0.05),对受精卵期和原肠胚期影响不显著(P>0.05),当盐度为30时,4个发育时期耗氧率均达到最大值,分别为0.082、0.200、0.768和1.301 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1;温度对原肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼形成期的耗氧率有显著影响(P<0.05),对受精卵期无显著性影响(P>0.05),在27 ℃时,胚胎4个发育时期均达到最大值,分别为0.082、0.286、0.806和1.338 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1;而pH对4个发育时期的耗氧率均无显著性影响(P>0.05),受精卵期在pH 8.0时达到最大值,为0.116 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1,原肠胚期、器官形成期、内骨骼形成期在pH 8.5时达到最大值,分别为0.281 、0.799和1.130 mg·(100 eggs)^-1·h^-1.     

黄鳝的繁殖生态学研究

以洞庭湖稻区黄鳝为调查研究对象 ,通过野外调查和室内实验系统研究了黄鳝的繁殖生态。对黄鳝的性腺发育周年变化、繁殖行为、自然产卵过程、产卵条件及繁殖洞穴的构造进行了观察和记录 ,产卵室是黄鳝繁殖洞穴特有的构造 ,繁殖洞穴泥土p H平均值为 6 .73± 1.0 12。亲鳝有护卵习性 ,通过对 30尾守洞亲鳝的性腺观察和切片验证 ,守洞鳝多为雄鳝 (占 6 1.3% ) ,少数为兼性偏雄性 (占 38.7% ) ,守洞鳝 1:0 0～ 2 :0 0全在外面活动 ,守洞鳝体长 L (cm)与体重 W (g)回归方程为 :W=1.2 5×10 - 2 L1 .4 2 (r=0 .76 )。人工模拟条件下 ,泡沫组受精卵的平均孵化率 (85 .2 % )极显著地高于对照组 (2 5 .4 % ) (t=8.18,t0 .0 5=2 .4 5 ) ,仔鱼平均成活率 (6 4 .0 % )显著高于对照组 (14 .0 % ) (t=3.73) ,同时对繁殖季节黄鳝为孵卵而所吐的泡沫的作用进行了分析。另外 ,证实了黄鳝产卵的最适放养密度为 2～ 3尾 / m2。为黄鳝的全人工繁殖和半人工繁殖提供了合理化的建议     

黄鳝饲料蛋白质需求量的研究

为确定黄鳝(Monopterus albus)对饲料蛋白质的需求量, 试验分7组, 每组4个重复。每个重复放养初始体重为(17.1±0.2) g的幼鳝25尾, 分别以鱼粉和酪蛋白为主要蛋白源, 配制蛋白质含量为32.74%(T1)、38.50%(T2)、42.26%(T3)、48.35%(T4)、52.65%(T5)、57.87%(T6)和62.31%(T7)的7种等能不等氮饲料, 养殖期为60d。以生产性能、蛋白质保留率和生理生化指标等综合评价确定蛋白质的需求量。结果: (1)随饲料蛋白质含量升高, 饲料系数呈先降低后升高; 增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白保留率(PRR)与蛋白质效率(PER)先升高后降低; 饲料蛋白质含量57.87%组获得最好的生长性能, 52.65%组蛋白质保留率最高。(2)随饲料蛋白质含量升高, 黄鳝血清中尿素氮(BUN)含量升高, 谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性先降低后保持稳定, 总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及血糖(GLU)含量降低; 丙二醛(MDA)含量呈现先降低后升高的趋势, 在52.65%时最低。(3)随饲料蛋白质含量升高, 黄鳝肝胰脏、胃和肠蛋白酶活性先显著上升后呈缓慢上升趋势; 肝胰脏脂肪酶活性先显著下降后呈缓慢下降趋势, 胃和肠脂肪酶活性各试验组之间无显著性差异; 胃淀粉酶活性无显著差异, 肝胰脏和肠呈先显著下降后缓慢降低的趋势。综上: 当饲料蛋白质含量低时, 黄鳝会加大摄食量满足蛋白质需求, 在饲料蛋白质含量过高时, 氧化应激增加, 黄鳝通过降低摄食量减少蛋白质摄入。以WGR、PER、SGR及饲料系数(FCR)为评价指标确定幼鳝对饲料蛋白质的适宜需求量为48.51%—52.60%。     

菲牛蛭交配及卵茧人工孵化初步研究

人工饲养条件下,比较观察了不同养殖模式(水体、土壤)和不同温度(24℃、26℃、28℃、30℃、32℃和34℃)对菲牛蛭(Hirudinaria manillensis)交配率的影响,并进行了不同卵茧质量(＜0.6 g、0.6～1.0 g、1.0～1.5g、1.5～2.0 g、＞2.0 g)及不同温度(22℃、24℃、...     

影响西藏卤虫无节幼体在淡水中存活时间的几个因素分析

为对水产养殖育苗实践中活体饵料西藏卤虫(Antemia tibetiana)的应用提供参考, 研究不同钠盐对孵化率、无节幼体在淡水中存活时间的影响, 分析NaCl浓度、孵化液pH和淡水水温等因素对西藏卤虫无节幼体在淡水中存活时间, 记录各组无节幼体在淡水中50%和100%死亡所需时间。结果表明, 不同钠盐显著影响西藏卤虫的孵化率, Na₂SO₄组显著高于NaCl组(P<0.05), Na₂CO₃组显著低于NaCl组(P<0.01), 其他各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。以NaCl组孵化出的无节幼体在淡水中存活时间最长, 50%存活时间达13h, Na₂SO₄组孵化的无节幼体存活时间显著低于NaCl组(P<0.05), 而Na₂CO₃和NaNO₃组存活时间极显著低于NaCl组(P<0.01), 在Na₂CO₃中孵化的无节幼体死亡速度最快。孵化率高的实验组存活时间不是最长, 显示孵化率与存活率之间并无关联性。随着孵化液NaCl浓度升高, 无节幼体在淡水中存活时间逐渐延长, 至35‰时达到最高, 但当孵化液NaCl浓度达40‰时, 存活时间开始下降。随着孵化液pH从6.5—8.0逐渐升高, 存活时间逐渐延长, 至pH8.0时达到最高, 孵化液pH继续升高, 存活时间逐渐缩短, 到pH10.0时, 50%存活时间只有3.54h, 死亡速度最快, pH8.0组与其他实验组相比较差异显著(P<0.05)。在5℃淡水中无节幼体50%死亡时间为18.54h, 显著长于15℃水温组, 当水温≥20℃时, 所有组别50%存活时间短于水温15℃组, 差异显著(P<0.05)。孵化时钠盐的种类、NaCl浓度、孵化液pH和淡水水温对西藏卤虫无节幼体在淡水中存活时间有显著影响。     

Melatonin is Involved in Sex Change of the Ricefield Eel, Monopterus albus Zuiew

The ricefield eel (Monopterus albus Zuiew), a burrowing eel-like synbranchoid teleost, undergoes a natural sex change from female to male during its life history. Since the teleost pineal gland and its melatoninergic output have been suggested as regulators in seasonal reproduction and sexual maturation in many fish species, it is reasonable to postulate that melatonin may play important roles in the ricefield eel’s sex-change process. This hypothesis was tested by examining secretional characteristics and reproductive effects of melatonin in the ricefield eel. Results indicate that serum melatonin (mainly secreted from the pineal complex, retinae and gastrointestinal tract) is involved in sex change of this species. It seems that, within a reproductive cycle, relatively lower mid-night serum melatonin (MNSM) levels are necessary for natural spawning, but relatively higher MNSM levels after spawning permit initiation of the sex-change process. A putative model is presented to clarify the involvement of melatonin in natural sex change of the ricefield eel, although the precise mechanisms are still under further investigation.     

大型多钩槽绦虫与隐藏新棘虫种间关系研究

大型多钩槽绦虫和隐藏新棘虫单独在黄鲜肠道内分布时,其分布益十分相似,相似性系数ｒ＝０．９２２６（Ｐ〈０．０１）,当两种寄生蠕虫在黄鳝中共同感染时,随着大型多钩槽绦虫的生长,其分布位置明显前移而隐藏新棘虫的分布位置则显著后退,生态２位重叠明显下降。两种寄生蠕虫种间正关联显著,它们在宿主人共存并不改变它们的感染速度。     

Ontogeny of immunoreactive Lh and Fsh cells in relation to early ovarian differentiation and development in protogynous hermaphroditic ricefield eel Monopterus albus

Luteinizing hormone (Lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) control many aspects of gonadal development and function in teleosts. In the present paper, the specific antisera against ricefield eel Lhb (Lh beta subunit), Fshb (Fsh beta subunit), and Cga (the common pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit) were generated, and the cellular localization, initial appearance, and subsequent development of gonadotrophs in relation to early ovarian differentiation and development in the ricefield eel, a protogynous sex-changing teleost, were examined with immunochemistry. Lhb- and Fshb-immunoreactive signals were identified in distinct pituitary cells that occupied primarily the peripheral regions of the adenohypophysis. During ontogeny, Lhb-immunoreactive signals were first detected in the pituitary around 40 days after hatching (dah) when the oogonia transitioned into early primary growth oocytes, and the intensity of immunoreactivity increased concomitantly with the growth of primary oocytes from 60 to 140 dah. During overwintering from 170 to 230 dah, Lhb-immunoreactive signals were significantly decreased when a large proportion of perinucleolus oocytes contained intense Balbiani bodies. In contrast, Fshb-immunoreactive signals were not detectable in the pituitary until around 230 dah (in the spring after hatching) and slightly increased from 285 dah when the late perinucleolus oocytes began to enter the secondary growth phase. Both Lhb- and Fshb-immunoreactive cells were increased when the early cortical alveoli oocytes emerged at 300 dah. The mRNA expression of lhb and fshb coincided with their immunoreactive signals. Taken together, these results suggest that only Lh is involved in primary oocyte growth in ricefield eels, but both Fsh and Lh are important for the secondary ooctye growth.     

温度、湿度对黄喉拟水龟胚胎发育的影响

在9种不同温湿度组合条件（25 ℃和-12 kPa、29 ℃和-12 kPa、33 ℃和-12 kPa、25 ℃和-150 kPa、29 ℃和-150 kPa、33 ℃和-150 kPa、25 ℃和-300 kPa、29 ℃和-300 kPa、33 ℃和-300 kPa）下孵化了黄喉拟水龟卵,研究了温度对黄喉拟水龟卵孵出幼体特征的影响及其与湿度的相互作用对孵化期、孵化成功率和孵出幼体特征的影响.结果表明：黄喉拟水龟卵的初始质量、孵化温度、湿度及温湿度相互作用均显著影响孵化过程中卵质量的增加;同一温度下,孵化湿度越高,卵的终末质量越大;而孵化卵的终末质量与孵化温度并不呈线性相关;孵化温度显著影响黄喉拟水龟卵的孵化期,温度越高、孵化期越短,孵化湿度及温湿度相互作用对孵化期的影响不显著;孵化温度和湿度显著影响孵化成功率和卵壳龟裂率;25 ℃和33 ℃处理组孵出幼体中发现畸形个体,而29 ℃处理组中未发现;孵化温度显著影响孵出幼体的质量、背甲长和宽、腹甲长和宽、体高和尾长;孵化湿度只对孵出幼体的背甲长有影响,对其他被检测的幼体特征无显著影响;温湿度的相互作用对所有被检测的孵出幼体特征无叠加或减弱的显著影响.