湖北恩施志留系秀山组顶部的牙形刺及其地层意义

本文描述了湖北恩施太阳河灯草坪剖面志留系秀山组顶部灰岩夹层中的牙形刺。秀山组顶部的灰岩产出较丰富的牙形刺化石,共10属14种,包括Pterospathodus eopennatus,P.a.cf.angulatus,Apsidognathus sp.,Ozakodina paraplanussima,Ozakodina sp.,?Distomodus sp.,?Tuberocostadontus sp.,Coryssagnathus shaannanensis,Wurmiella recave,Wurmiella sp.,Oulodus shiqianensis,Oulodus sp.,Pseudooneotodus beckmanni,Distomodus sp.。根据牙形刺的产出情况,可识别出两个牙形刺带。秀山组顶部灰岩可归入Pterospathodus eopennatus超带的P.eopennatus ssp.n.2带。需要指出的是,秀山组最顶部样品发现了P.a.cf.angulatus,因此,秀山组顶部的时代延伸至Pterospathodus celloni超带的P.a.angulatus带,时代为兰多维列世特列奇早-中期。     

高罗王冠虫（Coronocephalus gaoluoensis Wu, 1979）的再研究

标本采自湖南省永顺县万民乡志留系下部Llandovery统Telychian阶秀山组上部,几乎全部为Coronocephalus gaoluoensis Wu,其中有20多块头、胸、尾相连的完整标本。研究发现,Coronocephalus gaoluoensis Wu具有十分特殊的头部构造,其面线前支横切头鞍前叶中前部...     

长兴阶抑或吴家坪阶?——对赵兵等文章结论的质疑

赵兵等(2006)将羌塘盆地北部产有Codonofusiella-Gallowayinella组合带化石的拉卜查日组归入到上二叠统长兴阶的上部,将那益雄组归入长兴阶下部,可能是错误的。王成源等(1997)早已指出,Gallowayinella的时代是吴家坪期而不是盛金章所确认的长兴期的早期。拉卜查日组应归到吴家坪阶。二叠纪的主导化石门类是牙形刺而不是。     

重庆石柱漆辽地区中、上奥陶统牙形刺序列—揭示达瑞威尔阶下部至桑比阶之间的沉积间断

本文详细描述了重庆石柱漆辽剖面奥陶系达瑞威尔阶(Darriwilian)牯牛潭组至凯迪阶(Katian)宝塔组的牙形刺序列及其对比。牙形刺序列由上而下可分为:宝塔组Hamarodus brevirameus生物带和Amorphognathus superbus生物带;大田坝组的Baltoniodus alobatus,Baltoniodus variabilis和Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带;牯牛潭组的Yangtzeplacognathus crassus生物带和Lenodus variabilis生物带。其中Hamarodus brevirameus生物带至Baltoniodus alobatus生物带上部为凯迪阶,B.alobatus生物带下部至Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带上部为桑比阶(Sandbian),而Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带下部,Yangtzeplacognathus crassus生物带和Lenodus variabilis生物带归入达瑞威尔阶。根据文中所识别的牙形刺序列,该剖面显然缺失了达瑞威尔阶中上部的牙形刺生物带如Pygodus serra生物带(即Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus和Y.foliaceus生物带),Eoplacognathus suecicus和Dzikodus tablepointensis生物带。因此,在重庆石柱漆辽剖面奥陶系牯牛潭组和大田坝组之间的地层是不连续的,存在一明显的沉积间断,缺失了相当于牯牛潭组标准剖面中上部的地层(达瑞威尔阶中上部)。而这一沉积间断所发生的时间正好与达瑞威尔中晚期全球海平面下降相吻合。     

陕西宁强—四川广元地区奥陶系“涧草沟组”和宝塔组牙形刺生物地层研究之新进展

开展陕西宁强范家沟、赵家坝和四川广元谭家沟3条剖面奥陶系牙形刺生物地层研究。在宁强地区"涧草沟组"发现了凯迪阶中部的Protopanderodus insculptus生物带,它相当于湖北宜昌地区上奥陶统临湘组之同名带;宝塔组由上而下可划分为Hamarodus brevirameus,Baltoniodus variabilis,Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis和Y.foliaceus等牙形刺带,属达瑞威尔阶上部至凯迪阶下部,可与湖北宜昌地区中-上奥陶统牯牛潭组顶部至宝塔组的同名带对比;广元地区宝塔组则见Baltoniodus variabilis和Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带,属达瑞威尔阶顶部至桑比阶,可与湖北宜昌地区庙坡组或南京地区大田坝组的同名带对比。上述发现改变了先前的认识:陕西宁强地区宝塔组划分为Hamarodus europaeus和Eoplacognathus jianyeensis两牙形刺带,与湖北宜昌地区庙坡组和宝塔组地层相当;四川广元地区宝塔组归入Pygodus serra-Eoplacognathus foliaceus牙形刺带,与湖北宜昌地区牯牛潭组对比。邱洪荣(1989)建立的4个新种可能是一些老属种不同形态的组成分子,因此在本文属种描述部分把它们分别列入相应属种的同义名录。     

新疆东部托克逊马鞍桥剖面桑树园组刺毛-珊瑚礁的时代

新疆东部托克逊马鞍桥剖面桑树园组下部灰岩段的顶部发育了刺毛-珊瑚礁,通过对礁体及其上下地层的■类和牙形刺研究,可识别出■类3属14种,以属Eostaffella-Eostaffellina-Pseudostaffella组合为特征;牙形刺2属2种:Idiognathoides corrugatus和Idiognathodus sp.。■类Pseudostaffella antiqua,P.conspecta和P.paracompressa extensa的出现指示桑树园组灰岩段顶部相当于上石炭统滑石板阶上部,属于■类Pseudostaffella composite-P.paracompressa带。牙形刺Idiognathoides corrugatus和Idiognathodus sp.是晚石炭世巴什基尔期常见分子,对应上石炭统罗苏阶上部至滑石板阶上部。综合上述■类和牙形刺生物地层,可以确定桑树园组刺毛-珊瑚礁的时代为巴什基尔期中期(滑石板阶上部)。本文刺毛-珊瑚礁时代的确定可以为石炭纪中期生物灭绝/更替事件之后后生动物礁的复苏演化提供新认识。     

新疆赛里木湖北汗吉尕山志留纪 amorphognathoides 带下部的牙形类*

记述了新疆北部赛里木湖北汗吉尕山西部志留纪amorphognathoides带下部牙形类9属12种,这是继云南、西藏和四川后,在新疆的首次发现.amorphognathoides带下部的牙形类以具有齿台脊的器官属Pterospathodus Pa分子的P. amorphognathoides和P.celloni/P. pennatus pennatus的共存为特征,地质时代仅限于志留纪Llandovery世的最晚期(即Telychian晚期).amorphognathoides带的牙形类几乎全球分布,该带下部的牙形类完全可以同国内外同期的牙形动物群对比,它们普遍生活在台地相浅水区中较深水的环境(如滞流盆地)中,营游泳-底栖生活方式.     

湖北宜昌真金和陈家河奥陶系牯牛潭组至宝塔组的牙形刺及其地层意义

根据采自湖北宜昌分乡陈家河和远安真金两剖面奥陶系牯牛潭组至宝塔组的牙形刺,将该段地层的牙形刺生物带自上而下综合划分为Hamarodus brevirameus,Amorphognathus superbus,Baltoniodus alobatus,Pygodus anserinus-Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis,Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus,Yangtzeplacognathus foliaceus,Histiodella kristinae-Eoplacognathus suecicus,Dzikodus tablepointensis,Lenodus variabilis和Lenodus antivariabilis等牙形刺生物带。其中宝塔组之Hamarodus brevirameus,Amorphognathus superbus生物带及Baltoniodus alobatus生物带顶部归为凯迪阶(Katian),庙坡组Baltoniodus alobatus生物带大部和Pygodus anserinus-Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带中上部归为桑比阶(Sandbian),而牯牛潭组的Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus至Lenodus antivariabilis等牙形刺生物带和庙坡组Pygodus anserinus-Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带下部则归入达瑞威尔阶(Darriwillian)。这一牙形刺带序列与宜昌黄花场和分乡剖面的牙形刺生物带相一致。     

福建上杭晚石炭世类Profusulinella动物群及其地层意义

对福建上杭晚石炭世类Profusulinella动物群的系统研究 ,共鉴定类化石 4属 1 7种。根据它们在地层中的分布和垂向变化规律 ,自上而下建立一个带、两个亚带 :Profusulinella带 ,2 ) .Profusulinellawangy櫣ｉ Eofusulinatriangula亚带 ,1 ) .Profusulinellastaffellaeformis亚带。通过与华南、华北、西北沉积区和欧美同期地层的对比 ,认为本区含Profusulinella动物群的地层应归于上石炭统达拉阶下部 ,相当于国际地层表中的巴什基尔阶上部至莫斯科阶下部     

中国晚石炭世达拉阶标准剖面的(筳)

详细研究达拉阶标准剖面的ting化石,计有14属74种及亚种,其中未定种1种,建立6个ting化石带,自下而上依次为：Profusulinella priscoidea-P．parva带,Profusulinella aljutovica-Taitzehoella taitzehoensis extensa带,Fusulinella obesa-F．eopulchra带,Fusulina lanceolata-Fusulinella vozhgalensis带,Fusulina pakhrPnsis-Pseu-dostaffella paradoxa带及Fusulina cylindrica-F,quasifusulinoides带。标准剖面的达拉阶应与国际地层表中的巴什基尔阶上部和莫斯科阶相当。     

CITRATE AS THE PRECURSOR OF THE ACETYL MOIETY OF ACETYLCHOLINE

Abstract— Rat brain cortex slices were incubated with glucose labeled with either ³H or ¹⁴C in the 6-position. The ³H/¹⁴C ratios and the incorporation of radioactivity into lactate, citrate, malate and acetylcholine were determined. While the ³H/¹⁴C ratio of lactate was close to that of glucose, the ratios in the acetyl moiety of acetylcholine and the acetyl (C-4,5) portion of citrate decreased in a similar proportion. This was interpreted as indirect evidence for the participation of citrate as a precursor to the acetyl moiety of acetylcholine. Two inhibitors of the citrate cleavage pathway: n -butylmalonate, an inhibitor of citrate transport and (-)-hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase were studied for their effect on acetylcholine synthesis. N -butylmalonate (10 mM) and (-)-hydroxycitrate (7.5 mM) led to a decrease in the per cent of ¹⁴C recovered as acetylcholine. In each instance the ³H/¹⁴C ratio in acetylcholine was higher in the presence of inhibitor while the corresponding ratios in lactate and citrate (C-4.5) remained unchanged. From the results, it is suggested that citrate is involved in the transport mechanism of acetyl units from its site of synthesis in mitochondria to the site of acetylcholine synthesis in the cytosol.     

THE SIZE OF BACTERIA AS THE CAUSE OF THE LOGARITHMIC ORDER OF DEATH

Death of unicellular organisms is brought about by the inactivation of a certain number of essential molecules in the cell. If the number of these essential molecules is only one per cell, the order of death is the same as if the cell were identical with this molecule; the order of death is logarithmic following the mass law. If more than one molecule must be inactivated before the cell dies, the order of death is not logarithmic. With 2 or 3 molecules, it still resembles the logarithmic order, but with an increasing number of reacting molecules, it approaches more and more the order of death known with higher organisms, namely a period of no death, followed by a comparatively short period of rapid death. The decision whether or not the logarithmic order exists, should be based upon the constancy of the death rate See PDF for Equation. The existence of a straight line when logarithms of survivors are plotted against time, is not sufficient proof unless the initial number of cells is included. These deductions are made with the assumption that all organisms are exactly alike, and show no individual variations or graded resistance. With most bacteria, the order of death is so nearly logarithmic that death must be brought about by the inactivation of only one molecule, though there may be several molecules of this same type in each cell.     

METASTATIC CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND AS THE INITIAL MANIFESTATION OF THE DISEASE

During the past 38 years, 260 patients with thyroid carcinoma have been operated upon at the University of California Hospital. In 26 of these patients the first symptom was a mass distant from the thyroid gland, and the gland was considered normal on clinical examination.In all but three of the 26 cases a small carcinoma of the thyroid gland was observed at operation or in pathological examination.Radical neck dissection with either total lobectomy or total thyroidectomy would seem to be the operation of choice in the treatment of these patients.The ultimate prognosis, even in the presence of metastases, is relatively good.Primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland should be considered in the presence of tumors of the side of the neck even in the absence of palpable nodules in the gland itself.