柴胡皂甙(I)对胰腺腺泡的拟膜受体激动剂作用

应用检测淀粉酶分泌和单细胞[Ca2 ]i 的技术 ,研究了Bt2-cGMP和GDP对柴胡皂甙(I)[SA(I)]和CCK -8促大鼠胰腺腺泡酶分泌和增加[Ca2 ]i 的抑制作用。Bt2-cGMP对SA(I)和CCK -8促酶分泌的抑制有相似的剂量依赖性。Bt2 -cGMP对SA(I)刺激的酶分泌动力学的抑制较对CCK -8滞后并持续。SA(I)诱发的胰腺腺泡单细胞[Ca2 ]i 的变化与CCK -8的作用有所不同 :[Ca2 ]i 峰值上升较慢且持续较长 ,并在峰后[Ca2 ]i 再次升高。GDP亦抑制SA(I)刺激的酶分泌和[Ca2 ]i 增加的峰植。结果表明 ,SA(I)可激活胰腺腺泡细胞膜受体从而升高[Ca2 ]i 和促酶分泌。     

柴胡皂甙(I)对胰腺腺泡的拟膜受体激动剂作用

应用检测淀粉酶分泌和单细胞[Ca^2 ]的技术,研究了Bt2-cGMP和GDP对柴胡皂甙（Ⅰ）[SA(I)]和CCK－8促大鼠胰腺腺泡分泌和增加[Ca^2 ]i的抑制作用。Bt2-cGMP对SA（I）和CCK－8促酶分泌的抑制有相似的剂量依赖性。Bt2-cGMP对SA（I）刺激的酶分泌动力学的抑制较对CCK－8滞后并持续。SA（I）诱发的胰腺腺泡单细胞[Ca^2 ]i的变化与CCK－8的作用有所不同;[Ca^2 ]i峰值上升较慢且持续较长,并在峰后[Ca^2 ]i再次升高。GDP亦抑制SA（I）刺激的酶分泌和[Ca^2 ]i增加的峰值。结果表明,SA（I）可激活胰腺腺泡细胞膜受体从而升高[Ca^2 ]i和促酶分泌。     

电离辐射后大鼠离体胰腺腺泡淀粉酶释放及M受体数量变化

我们曾观察到大鼠经γ-射线照射后胰淀粉酶活性降低和分泌减少[1],为进一步探讨照射后胰酶分泌减少的机制,本研究制备出分散的大鼠胰腺腺泡悬液并以不同浓度的~3H-二苯羟乙酸-3-喹咛环酯(~3Hquinuclidinyll benzilatc,简称~3H-QNB)进行M受体结合测定,同时观察胆碱能介质氨甲酰胆碱刺激腺泡所引起的淀粉酶释放反应。结果表明,γ-射线10Gy照射后3天,大鼠分散的胰腺腺泡在氨甲酰胆碱刺激时淀粉酶释放量减少到对照的50％,腺泡M受体与~3H-QNB最大结合量(Bmax)减少到对照的38％,伋M受体与~3H-QNB结合的解离常数(K_D)无改变,说明胰腺腺泡细胞M受体数量的减少可能是照射后胰腺腺泡分泌淀粉酶减少的原因之一。     

外源水杨酸对铝胁迫下菊芋根系分泌物的影响

为探究铝胁迫对菊芋根系分泌物的影响以及外源水杨酸(SA)的缓解作用,该文以耐铝型南京菊芋和铝敏感型资阳菊芋为试验材料,采用土培法,设置铝浓度500 μmol·L^-1,分析了不同浓度(10、100、1 000 μmol·L^-1)SA对铝胁迫下菊芋根系分泌物中有机酸、氨基酸以及根尖相关代谢酶活的影响。结果表明:(1)单铝胁迫会导致菊芋根系分泌物中柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸浓度升高,且南京菊芋升高幅度大于资阳菊芋; 柠檬酸合酶和苹果酸脱氢酶在单铝胁迫下活性增强; 脯氨酸含量显著提升,总氨基酸浓度均显著减少。(2)外源SA加入后,南京菊芋根系分泌的柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸浓度均得到不同程度提高,但经高浓度(1 000 μmol·L^-1)SA处理后资阳菊芋根系分泌草酸显著降低,且在各浓度SA处理下苹果酸浓度均无明显变化; 柠檬酸合酶活性出现不同程度的增强,但对南京菊芋根尖中苹果酸脱氢酶活性影响不大,且高浓度(1 000 μmol·L^-1)SA处理后显著降低了资阳菊芋根尖中苹果酸脱氢酶活性; 脯氨酸含量显著下降,从总氨基酸浓度变化来看,南京菊芋在高浓度(1 000 μmol·L^-1)SA、资阳菊芋在低浓度(10 μmol·L^-1)SA处理下得到最大缓解效果。因此,菊芋通过分泌有机酸应对铝毒侵害,外源SA可促进菊芋根系有机酸代谢速率,分泌更多的有机酸来缓解铝胁迫,这种缓解效果在耐铝性相对较强的南京菊芋中表现更好。     

耐热嗜酸古细菌Sulfolobus acidocaldarius 谷氨酰胺合成酶的表达调控和性质研究

古细菌Sulfolobus acidocaldarius细胞内谷氨酰胺合成酶的表达量随着培养条件的改变有较大差异,RNA印迹表明,该差异是在mRNA水平受到调控.经DEAE-Sepharose和Sephacryl S-300两步分离酶蛋白,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和凝胶过滤测定分子质量,表明该酶为12个相同亚基组成,分子质量为630 ku的多聚体.该酶的最佳pH为7.3;对羟胺、谷氨酰胺、ADP和Mn²⁺的K_m值分别为3.5 mmol/L、1.3 mmol/L、0.15 mmol/L和0.24 mmol/L;其γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性和生物合成酶活性的最佳温度均为90℃.Arrhenius曲线表明,γ-谷氨酰转移酶的活化能为47 kJ/(mol·K),生物合成酶的活化能分别为29 kJ/(mol·K)（40～75℃）和10 kJ/(mol·K)（55～90℃）.对该酶的抑制剂研究发现,与其他来源的谷氨酰胺合成酶不同,甘氨酸、L-丙氨酸能明显抑制 S.acidocaldarius谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性,而常规的抑制剂如L-色氨酸、L-组氨酸、5′-AMP却没有抑制作用,甘氨酸、L-丙氨酸的抑制作用为竞争性抑制,推断该酶的活性调节与绝大多数革兰氏阳性菌一样不受腺甘酰化的影响.     

酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发及抗氧化物酶活性的影响

实验选用紫花苜蓿体内的4种化感物质包括阿魏酸、香豆素、香草酸、香豆酸,以10-3、10-4、10-5mol·L-1和10-6mol·L-1四个浓度,采用培养皿试纸法和沙培法进行苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长试验,研究了苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长以及抗氧化保护性酶活性的变化,并就生物量、种子萌发和酶活性等三大指标的敏感性进行了讨论。结果表明,4种化感物质对苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长有明显的影响作用,这种影响效应与化感物质的种类及浓度显著相关。其中,10-3mol·L-1的4种化感物质均表现出对苜蓿种子萌发有显著的抑制作用,阿魏酸、香豆素和香草酸达到了极显著的抑制效果。当浓度为10-3mol·L-1时,除香豆酸外,其它3种化感物质均表现出对幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸酶(APX)活性有显著的抑制作用,同时使幼苗体内丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著增加;随着浓度的降低,化感物质抑制作用减弱;当浓度降低为10-6mol·L-1时,阿魏酸、香豆素、香草酸则表现出了对上述各种酶活性的轻微促进作用。阿魏酸表现出的化感效应最强,香豆素、香草酸次之,香豆酸最弱。发芽指标受化感物质的影响最敏感、其次是生物量指标,而酶活性指标相对较弱。     

白细胞介素-6在急性胰腺炎中的作用及其机制研究

目的:明确白细胞介素-6(IL-6)在小鼠急性胰腺炎中的作用及其机制研究。方法:通过胰胆管结扎的方法诱导小鼠急性胰腺炎;分离小鼠胰腺腺泡细胞。采用ELISA方法检测胰腺组织或腺泡细胞裂解物中的细胞因子;通过western blot分析检测组织或细胞中IL-6或ERK表达。结果:IL-6浓度在胰腺组织和腺泡细胞中显著增加(P0.05)。在离体原代小鼠腺泡细胞,TNF-α刺激增加IL-6释放(P0.05);与此同时,IL-6刺激可增加其它促炎性细胞因子的释放,两者都涉及ERK MAP激酶通路。黄酮类化合物木犀草素抑制IL-6刺激引起白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和人巨嗜细胞激活蛋白-1(CCL2/MCP-1)释放。最后进一步证实,IL-6激活人胰腺组织中的ERK。结论:IL-6在急性胰腺炎中增加,激活炎症通路并加重急性胰腺炎。     

水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗抗高温胁迫能力的影响

对津绿2号黄瓜四叶期的幼苗分别喷施0、50、100和200μmol·L-1的水杨酸(SA)溶液,24h后以42℃的高温胁迫24h。结果表明:不同浓度的SA溶液均可降低黄瓜叶片中的相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,增加SOD活性,以50μmol·L-1的效果最优。但相对电导率和MDA含量的降幅及SOD活性的增幅则随SA浓度的增加而减小。     

脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原与原发性肝癌

脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原(Des-γ-carboxy-prothrombin,DCP)是由原发性人肝细胞癌(human hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)特异性产生并可能具有刺激HCC生长、浸润和促进转移等作用的刺激因子.肝癌细胞一些依赖维生素K代谢酶障碍可能与DCP具有一定关系;刺激肝癌细胞生长机制可能与激活Met-Janus kinase 1-STAT3和KDR-PLC-γ-raf-MEK-MAPK信号传导通路相联系.该文综述了近年来在DCP与原发性肝癌方面的一些研究结果,及其在肝癌研究与治疗方面的价值.     

对牛胰多肽抑制胰酶分泌作用的离体研究

为探讨胰多肽抑制胰酶分泌的机制,我们利用大鼠离体胰腺泡制备观察了牛胰多肽(BPP)在细胞受体水平对氨甲酰胆碱等促分泌物作用的影响。实验结果显示,BPP 对氨甲酰胆碱诱导的胰腺泡淀粉酶分泌具有抑制作用,并存在剂量反应关系。BPP0.1μmol/L 和0.2μmol/L,可分别使氨甲酰胆碱诱导淀粉酶分泌的效价降低3倍和10倍;BPP 还可抑制氨甲酰胆碱刺激胰腺泡释放~(45)Ca。以上结果提示,BPP 对胰腺泡的胆碱能 M 受体具有拮抗作用。此外,BPP 对促胰液素及其同类激动剂和氨甲酰胆碱协同作用诱导的胰腺泡淀粉酶分泌具有抑制作用,提示胰多肽在整体对促胰液素诱导的胰酶分泌的抑制,可能是通过拮抗胰腺泡细胞上的 M 受体而抑制了促胰液素和胆碱能刺激协同作用引起的胰酶分泌。     

TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide, stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion in the rat

The aims of this paper were to study: (1) the effects of TLQP-21 (non-acronic name), the C-terminal region of the VGF (non-acronic name), polypeptide (from residue 557 to 576 of VGF), on in vitro amylase release from rat isolated pancreatic lobules and acinar cells; (2) the mechanism through which TLQP-21 regulates exocrine pancreatic secretion, by using the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (10(-6)M) and the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10(-6)M). On pancreatic lobules of rats, concentrations of TLQP-21 from 10(-7) to 10(-5)M significantly (p<0.05) induced a 2-3-fold increase of baseline pancreatic amylase release, measured at the end of 60 min incubation period. Co-incubation with atropine 10(-6)M did not antagonise the enzyme outflow induced by the peptide. On the contrary, co-incubation of TLQP-21 (10(-7) and 10(-6)M) with indomethacin, at concentration of 10(-6)M, which alone did not modify enzyme secretion, completely suppressed the increase of amylase evoked by TLQP-21 on pancreatic lobules. On rat pancreatic acinar cells, TLQP-21, at all the concentrations tested, was unable to affect exocrine pancreatic secretion, indicating an indirect mechanism of action on acinar cells. These results put in evidence, for the first time, that TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide, modulates exocrine pancreatic secretion in rats through a stimulatory mechanism involving prostaglandin release. In conclusion, TLQP-21 could be included among the neurohumoral signals regulating pancreatic exocrine secretion, and increases the knowledge concerning the systems controlling this function.     

Inhibition of CCK or carbachol-stimulated amylase release by nicotine

This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms of action of nicotine on receptor mediated enzyme secretion in isolated rat pancreatic acini. Acinar cells were isolated from untreated and nicotine treated rats by collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation. Cells from the untreated animals were incubated with either varying concentrations of nicotine (range 10 microM to 30 mM) or with a fixed dose of 10 mM nicotine with varying concentrations of carbachol(10nM to 100 microM). Cells from the nicotine treated animals(16 weeks in drinking water) were incubated with either a fixed dose of CCK-8(10(-10) M) or carbachol(10(-5) M). All incubations were conducted at 37 C for 30 min. Amylase released in the media was measured by spectrophotometry. In pancreatic acinar cells isolated from control rats, amylase release stimulated by carbachol was inhibited by nicotine. Acinar cells isolated from rats treated with nicotine at nicotine concentrations of 1.23 mM also showed significant inhibition of amylase release in response to CCK-8 and carbachol compared to their identical controls. Nicotine induced inhibition curves of amylase release stimulated by carbachol were non-parallel suggesting that the effect of nicotine on acinar cells is regulated by mechanisms other than carbachol receptors. Nicotine may have a direct inhibitory effect on the intracellular mechanisms of pancreatic enzyme secretion. We conclude that the mechanism by which nicotine inhibits pancreatic enzyme secretion is complex.     

Action of cholecystokinin, cholinergic agents, and A-23187 on accumulation of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in dispersed guinea pig pancreatic acinar cells.

The COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) and carbamylcholine each increased calcium outflux, cellular cyclic GMP and amylase secretion in dispersed guinea pig pancreatic acinar cells. Following addition of CCK-OP or carbamylcholine, cellular cyclic GMP increased as early as 15 s, became maximal after 1 to 2 min, and then decreased steadily during the subsequent incubation. For both CCK-OP and carbamylcholine there was close agreement between the dose-response curve for stimulation of calcium outflux and that for increase of cellular cyclic GMP. With CCK-OP an effect on both functions could be detected at 10(-10) M and maximal stimulation occurred at 3 X 10(-8) M. With carbamylcholine an effect on both functions could be detected at 10(-5) M and maximal stimulation occurred at 3 X 10(-3) M. Atropine inhibited stimulation of both cyclic GMP and calcium outflux by carbamylcholine but not by CCK-OP. Stimulation of calcium outflux or cellular cyclic GMP by CCK-OP or carbamylcholine did not require extracellular calcium since stimulation occurred in a calcium-free, ethylene glycol bis(beta, beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)-containing solution. The divalent cation ionophore A-23187 increased bidirectional fluxes of calcium, cellular cyclic GMP and secretion of amylase from dispersed pancreatic acinar cells. Like CCK-OP and carbamylcholine, the ionophore stimulated calcium outflux and cellular cyclic GMP in a calcium-free, EGTA-containing solution. These results suggest that in pancreatic acinar cells the initial step in the sequence of events mediating the action of ionophore as well as that of CCK-OP and carbamylcholine is stimulation of calcium outflux, and that this stimulation then increases cellular cyclic GMP.     

Characterization of interactions between CCK-33 and CCK receptors in isolated dispersed pancreatic acini.

In isolated dispersed pancreatic acini, we have characterized the interactions between cholecystokinin (CCK) and CCK receptors by simultaneously measuring CCK-33 immunoreactivity and CCK bioactivity. Incubation of acinar cells with CCK-33 at cell density of 0.2-0.3 mg acinar protein per ml resulted in stimulation of amylase release concomitant with significant and time-dependent decrease of the immunoreactive CCK. With L-364,718 (0.1 microM), a specific CCK receptor antagonist, immunoreactive CCK levels in the media were not significantly altered during incubation; however, CCK-stimulated amylase release was almost completely abolished (94% inhibition). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 nM) significantly potentiated CCK stimulated amylase release without affecting immunoreactive CCK in the media. Insulin (167 nM) did not affect the CCK stimulated amylase release or immunoreactive CCK in the media. Incubation of acinar cells with CCK-33 at 4 degrees C did not affect the levels of immunoreactive CCK; however, a significant change in levels of immunoreactive CCK were found at 37 degrees C at 90 min. Incubation of cell free medium with CCK-33 in the presence or absence of secreted enzymes revealed no changes in CCK immunoreactivity in the medium at 90 min. Addition of bacitracin in the incubation media did not affect the CCK immunoreactivity or bioactivity. These findings indicate that in isolated rat pancreatic acini, CCK-33 stimulates amylase release through a receptor that is specifically blocked by L-364,718. Specificity of the interactions of CCK-33 with acinar cells in the media appears to be receptor-mediated and time- and temperature-dependent.     

Heterogeneity and contact-dependent regulation of amylase release by individual acinar cells

We have used a reverse hemolytic plaque assay to investigate the amylase release of single and aggregated pancreatic acinar cells. We have found that a minority of single acinar cells released detectable amounts of amylase under basal conditions and were modestly stimulated, in a dose-dependent manner, during a 30-min exposure to concentrations of carbamylcholine (CCh) ranging from 10^?8 to 10^?5 M. This stimulation was largely accounted for by the recruitment of additional secreting cells, rather than by a significant increase in their individual secretory output. We have also observed that aggregates comprising two to five acinar cells secreted more frequently and released more amylase than single acinar cells in the presence of each of the CCh concentrations tested. Under both basal conditions and following CCh stimulation, the proportion of secreting aggregates and their amylase output increased linearly with the aggregate size. Under basal conditions as well as in the presence of secretagogue concentrations in the 10^?8?10^?7 M range, individual cells contributed similarly to amylase secretion whether they were single or part of aggregates. By contrast, following stimulation by 10^?6?10^?5 M CCh, aggregated cells showed a much higher average secretion than single cells. Investigating the mechanism of this contact-dependent effect, we found that 10^?3 M heptanol did not significantly modify the secretion of single cells and markedly promoted the basal amylase release of acinar cell pairs. This effect was associated with a marked reduction in gap junctional communication between acinar cells, as evaluated by microinjection of Lucifer yellow, and was not observed during exposure to high concentrations of CCh, which also reduced junctional communication. These data show that pancreatic acinar cells are intrinsically heterogeneous in their ability to release amylase and that their basal as well as stimulated secretion are promoted by the establishment of direct intercellular contacts. Our experiments also suggest that junctional coupling contributes to the contact-dependent mechanism which enhances the recruitment of secreting cells and their individual output. These observations strengthen the view that direct interactions between acinar cells are essential in the control of pancreatic secretion. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Caerulein-induced intracellular pancreatic zymogen activation is dependent on calcineurin

Aberrant cytosolic Ca(2+) flux in pancreatic acinar cells is critical to the pathological pancreatic zymogen activation observed in acute pancreatitis, but the downstream effectors are not known. In this study, we examined the role of Ca(2+)-activated protein phosphatase 2B (or calcineurin) in zymogen activation. Isolated pancreatic acinar cells were stimulated with supraphysiological caerulein (100 nM) with or without the calcineurin inhibitors FK506 or cell-permeable calcineurin inhibitory peptide (CiP). Chymotrypsin activity was measured as a marker of zymogen activation, and the percent amylase secretion was used as a measure of enzyme secretion. Cytosolic Ca(2+) changes were recorded in acinar cells loaded with the intermediate Ca(2+)-affinity dye fluo-5F using a scanning confocal microscope. A 50% reduction in chymotrypsin activity was observed after pretreatment with 1 microM FK506 or 10 microM CiP. These pretreatments did not affect amylase secretion or the rise in cytosolic Ca(2+) after caerulein stimulation. These findings suggest that calcineurin mediates caerulein-induced intra-acinar zymogen activation but not enzyme secretion or the initial caerulein-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) signal.     

Interactions of intracellular mediators of amylase secretion in permeabilized pancreatic acini.

Mouse pancreatic acini were permeabilized with streptolysin O to investigate amylase secretion stimulated by various intracellular mediators and the kinetics of secretion as a function of temperature. Amylase secretion was temperature dependent in that the initial rate of Ca2(+)-stimulated secretion increased with increasing temperature. In addition, there was no enhancement of Ca2(+)-stimulated secretion by GTP[gamma S] at 14 degrees C, while enhancement was maximal at 30 degrees C. GTP[gamma S]-mediated enhancement of secretion at a given temperature was mostly due to sustained secretion with a small increase in secretory rate. At 30 degrees C Ca2(+)-stimulated secretion was also enhanced by cAMP and phorbol ester (TPA) to similar extents as by GTP[gamma S]. The maximally effective concentration of cAMP was 1-10 microM in the presence of 0.1 mM isobutylmethylxanthine. The enhancements of Ca2(+)-stimulated amylase secretion by all combinations of cAMP (100 microM plus 0.1 mM isobutylmethylxanthine), TPA (1 microM), and GTP[gamma S] (30 microM) were fully additive. In Ca2(+)-free buffer, cAMP, TPA or GTP[gamma S] individually had no effect on amylase secretion. Together, TPA and GTP[gamma S] stimulated Ca2(+)-independent secretion, which was 187 +/- 38% of basal. Cyclic AMP together with TPA and GTP[gamma S] in the absence of Ca2+ stimulated 329 +/- 30% of basal secretion. Ca2(+)-stimulated amylase secretion was decreased about 50% by metabolic inhibition, while the enhancement by cAMP, TPA or GTP[gamma S] was totally blocked by metabolic inhibitors. These data demonstrate that amylase secretion in the acinar cell is mediated by multiple intracellular pathways which act in parallel and probably converge at a distal step in the exocytotic process.     

Redistribution of protein kinase C in pancreatic acinar cells stimulated with caerulein or carbachol

We examined phospholipid/calcium-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) activity and amylase secretion in isolated pancreatic acinar cells, when exposed to caerulein or carbachol. Upon stimulation with 10(-10) M caerulein or 10(-6) M carbachol cytosolic protein kinase C activity was increased in accordance with amylase secretion. Effect of carbachol on increase in membrane-associated protein kinase C activity was maximal at 10(-6) M where the rate of amylase secretion was highest. On the other hand, caerulein showed the maximal secretion of amylase at 10(-9) M, but the activity of the protein kinase C associated with membranes increased progressively with increasing concentration of caerulein. These results indicate different profiles of redistribution of protein kinase C upon stimulation of pancreatic acinar cells with carbachol or caerulein, and they were discussed in terms of amylase secretion.