河北和辽宁晚侏罗世古蝉化石(同翅目:头喙亚目)(英文)

本文描述古蝉科化石2新属、6新种,即Liaocossushuegen.etsp.nov.,L.beipiaoensisgen.etsp．nov,L．exiguusgen．etsp．nov,L．fengningensisgen．etsp．nov,L．Pingquanensisgen.etsp.nov.,Miracossusingentiusgen．etsp．nov.。这批化石保存有完整的虫体标本,使作者能够进一步研究古蝉类化石的虫体特征。化石采于冀北和辽西晚侏罗世义县组地层中,保存在中国地质博物馆。     

西藏申扎地区奥陶纪鹦鹉螺类化石的新材料

塔尔玛桥东-扎扛一带是近年发现的藏北地区第二个有可靠生物化石依据的奥陶系出露区。描述的鹦鹉螺化石是该区鹦鹉螺化石的一小部分,包括1新属、2新种和1未定种,分别是Taermaocerasgen.nov.,Taer-maocerasregularegen.etsp.nov.,Taermaocerasovatumgen.etsp.nov.及Taermaocearssp.。     

黔北晚奥陶世和早志留世四射珊瑚新资料

报道黔北早志留志中期（Middle Llandovery)地层中新发现的四射珊瑚7属--Cantrillia,Neocantrillia,Prototryplasma,Pycnostylus,Dalmanophyllum?.Rhegmaphyllum,Schlotheimophyllum,并描述产自黔东北石阡奥陶纪末期（Late Ashgill)观音桥层四射珊瑚2种--Grewingkia cf.bilateralis Neuman,Brachyelasma cf.medioseptatum(Neuman)及晚奥陶世（Early Ashgill期）涧草沟组中首次发现的四射珊瑚Crassilasma sp.。全文共描述四射珊瑚13属18种,其中6新种,它们是Crassilasma fenggangense sp.nov.,C.crebrumseptatum sp.nov.,Dinophyllum insolitum sp.nov.,Neocantrillia silurica sp.nov.,Prototryplasma guizhouense sp.nov.,Schlotheimophyllum regeneranum sp.nov.。     

中国内蒙古中侏罗世脉翅目昆虫化石—新科(英文)

建立脉翅目昆虫化石新科———Grammolingiidaefamnov .,并描述该科化石 3新属 6新种 :Grammolingiaboigen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Litholingiarhoragen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Litholingiaeumorphagen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Litholing iapolychotomagen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Leptolingiajurassicagen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Leptolingiatianyiensisgen .nov .etsp .nov ..给出了新科的属级检索表 ,描述的所有模式标本均采自于内蒙古自治区宁城县中侏罗世九龙山组地层中。标本分别保存在义县博物馆和首都师范大学生物系。本次发现再次表明目前关于脉翅目昆虫的认识仍然十分贫乏。     

贵州关岭晚三叠世法郎组瓦窑段鱼类化石初步观察

描述了关岭新铺地区晚三叠世法郎组瓦窑段中发现的鱼类5目5科5属5种和1未定种,其中1新属5新种,它们是Guizhoucoelacanthus guanlingensis Liu,Yin et Wang S Y gen.etsp.nov.,Birgeria guizhouensisLiu,Yin et Luo sp.nov.,Birgeriasp.,Pholidopleurus xiao waensis Liuet Yin sp.nov.,Peltopleurus brachycephalus Liu et Yin sp.nov.,Guizhoueugnathus largusLiu,Yinet Luo sp.nov.。关岭法郎组瓦窑段鱼类组合与邻区兴义晚三叠世法郎组竹杆坡段(卡尼早期)鱼类组合明显不同,瓦窑段的层位在竹杆坡段之上,其时代可能为卡尼中期。     

滇东北大关地区志留纪兰多维列世晚期(Telychian期)的四射珊瑚动物群

对大关地区的Telychian期嘶风崖组和大路寨组的四射珊瑚进行详细研究。嘶风崖组计有四射珊瑚18属34种,大路寨组计有四射珊瑚9属10种。描述四射珊瑚12 属19 种,其中1 新属, 5 新种,分别是:Protoketo phyllum daguanense gen. et sp. nov., Crassilasma huanggexiense sp. nov., Pseudophaulactis heae sp. nov., P.convolutus sp. nov., Shensiphyllum minor sp. nov.。论述了嘶风崖组和大路寨组四射珊瑚动物群特征及其地质意义,尤其是嘶风崖组的四射珊瑚代表了上扬子区Telychian早期的四射珊瑚动物群,完善了上扬子区志留纪兰多维列世四射珊瑚的序列和对研究该阶段四射珊瑚辐射期的进一步分析具有重要意义。     

塔里木盆地西部西克尔兰多维列统珊瑚动物群北大核心CSCD

提要描述的珊瑚化石采自塔里木盆地西部伽师县西克尔地区,含珊瑚的地层是兰多维列统的柯坪塔格组。柯坪塔格组是目前塔里木盆地唯一有珊瑚的志留纪地层,西克尔又是塔里木盆地仅知有柯坪塔格组珊瑚动物群的地区,对我国志留纪古生物地理区系研究有重要意义。文内描述的柯坪塔格组珊瑚动物群包含床板珊瑚2属3种,日射珊瑚1属2种和皱纹珊瑚1属1种,属种名单是Paleofavosites schmidti Sokolov,P.schmidti borealis Sokolov,Schedohalysites raregonopora sp.nov.,Mcleodea jiashiensis sp.nov.,M.xikeerensis sp.nov.和Kodonophyllum cf.undulatun He and Huang。     

贵州青岩中三叠统化石海绵

描述中三叠统青岩组化石海绵3 新属,即硬海绵类:Cohartmanina gen. nov.;六射海绵类:Para hexactinoderma gen. nov.和Micraulospongia gen. nov.,及所属种Cahartmanina bangtoupoensis(Stiller, 1998),Parahexactinoderma leidapoensis gen. et sp. nov.,Micraulospongia qingyanenis gen.et sp. nov.。     

论志留纪陕西珊瑚属Shensiphyllum Ge et Yü,1974

ShensiphyllumGeetYü,1974为丛状复体珊瑚,以发育一列马蹄型鳞板,羽榍扇形排列为主要特征,是志留纪四射珊瑚已知唯一发育马蹄型鳞板的属。该属在我国上扬子区广泛分布于上兰多维列统(Llandovery)特列奇阶(Telychian)中,主要产自川北、陕南的宁强组、云南大关的大路寨组(中、上Telychian阶))、湖北长阳的纱帽组及四川朝天的王家湾组(下特列奇阶)。文中报道和描述川北朝天王家湾组中发现的3个新种Shensiphyllumsimplexsp.nov.,S.proliferumsp.nov.,S.intermediumsp.nov.。王家湾组是已知ShensiphyllumGeetY櫣产出的最低层位。详细讨论该属的骨骼构造特征、生长繁殖方式,探讨该属起源及其演化,根据新资料修订该属的属征,赞同将该属置PhacellophyllidaeWedekind科。     

西藏纳木错西岸班戈县新吉乡早白垩世的石珊瑚

西藏纳木错西岸班戈县新吉乡的早白垩世地层发育, 珊瑚化石丰富, 经过鉴定、描述、研究, 计有白垩纪石珊瑚10属10种(其中有3新种), 它们是Axosmilia sp., Cyathophora? sp., Eohydnophora baingoinensis sp. nov., Epistrepto-phyllum cf. diatritum Wu, Hydnophora styriaca (Michelin), Ironella giseldonensis Starostina and Krasnov in Krasnov and Starostina, Placophyllia baingoinensis sp. nov., Protethmos cf. discus Liao and Xia, Protochocyathus ? sp., Stylina namcoensis sp. nov.。上述石珊瑚属在欧亚大陆的侏罗、白垩纪地层中都有广泛分布。其中, Cyathophora ? sp. 与申扎县果芒错下白垩统所产出的Cyathophora gomangcoensis Liao and Xia比较相似, 只是个体直径要稍微小一些; Hydnophora styriaca与欧洲上白垩统的模式种也有某些相似之处, 只是我们的标本每个脊塍上有较多的隔片; 新种Eohydnophora baingoinensis与日本早白垩世的Eohydnophora tosaensis Yabe and Eguchi的主要区别只是其脊塍和隔片都比较细薄; Protochocyathus? sp.的外壁比匈牙利下白垩统的Protochocyathus valanginicus Kolosvary的外壁薄。总之, 西藏班戈县新吉乡的早白垩世石珊瑚群与西藏申扎、日本、俄罗斯、匈牙利和斯洛文尼亚等地同期的石珊瑚有许多相似之处, 完全可以进行对比。本文的研究成果将对我国西藏地区地层层序的建立和详细对比以及对早白垩世石珊瑚群的动物地理亲缘关系的了解提供重要依据。     

Regular and flexible modes of division and hystero-ontogenetic growth in the Silurian rugose coral Stauria favosa

New modules arise in colonial corals as the result of asexual reproduction. The Silurian rugosan Stauria favosa ordinarily exhibits cerioid coralla with a characteristic cross-shaped axial structure and a typical pattern of parricidal increase. Quadripartite increase at the sites of the four protosepta is most common, whereas cases of tripartite increase are rare. Parental protosepta are transformed into dividing walls, where the four protosepta first appear with a definite polarity in offset corallites. Daughter corallites inherit metasepta as metasepta, and catasepta as catasepta, within the same quadrants as those of the parent. Metasepta are inserted serially, following Kunth's rule, as is characteristic of rugosan protocorallites. As each daughter corallite derived immediately from the same parent is arranged with identical polarity, it grows equally and evenly both individually and as a group. Daughters thus form protosepta and metasepta under strict phylogenetic and developmental constraints. However, individual corallites grow and reproduce autonomously, by using all available skeleton and space of the parent. Although each module cannot modify essential modes of division, flexibility of the system was via changes in the density and arrangement of corallites, and regulating modes of growth, in tandem with adjacent corallites within the corallum. It is probable that regularity, due to constraints of several origins, as well as flexibility are typical of other rugosan colonies and played an important role in growth dynamics between corallites and corallum.     

Regular mode of increase, and constrained but variable growth, in the Silurian rugose coral Stauria favosa

Stauria favosa exhibits a typical pattern of axial division (tripartite or quadripartite). The four protosepta first appear with a definite polarity in offset corallites, and metasepta are inserted serially, following Kunth's rule. There are no variations in essential modes of asexual reproduction. However, at the corallum periphery, up to four offset corallites appear to have been derived by discrete offsetting within the parent calices. Detailed observations of vertical morphological changes, however, indicate that this apparently unique mode of increase is derived from axial division at the sites of the four protosepta, as usual in this species. Just after the initiation of division, the contraction of polyps occurred in response to somewhat accidental, deteriorating habitat conditions. The combination of asexually divided corallites and rejuvenescence resulted in phaceloid daughter corallites, which subsequently underwent partial mortality at the corallum periphery. Stauria favosa always exhibits not only regular modes of asexual reproduction and septal insertion under the strict control of phylogenetic and developmental constraints, but also variable growth forms of corallites and coralla. This variability, though within limited options, is palaeoecologically significant for successfully coping with unpredictable habitats.     

Ontogeny of euthecal and metaseptal structures in colonial scleractinian corals

The ontogenetic development of two Recent scleractinian corals, Golaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus) and Acrhelia horrescens (Dana), has been studied in serial thin sections. The origin of the septotheca (a collective term including both eutheca and pseudotheca) is reconsidered. The eutheca is found to be a basic skeletal structure of corals and of primary origin, formed directly from the basal plate, not by the thickening of septa. The eutheca prepares the way for the formation of metasepta. The ontogenetic growth of the metasepta is illustrated. The pseudotheca is formed by fusion of neighbouring septa and is entirely of secondary origin. Its development is occasional. The essential mural structure of oculinid corals with pseudothecal walls is euthecal.     

Magnetostratigraphy of the Sherwood Sandstone Group (Lower and Middle Triassic), south Devon, UK: detailed correlation of the marine and non-marine Anisian

The Sherwood Sandstone Group in south Devon consists of the Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds and the Otter Sandstone Formation. The Otter Sandstone Formation comprises four lithostratigraphic sub-units, from the base labelled A-D, and contains tetrapods corresponding to the Perovkan land vertebrate faunachron, and is consequently a key European non-marine Anisian succession. A total of 181 palaeomagnetic specimens from 92 horizons were measured to determine the palaeomagnetic signal. The magnetic properties and characteristic remanence is predominantly carried by haematite, most of which probably formed early in the depositional and diagenetic history. The lower part of the Sherwood Sandstone Group (Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds and Otter Sandstone Formation, unit A, lower part of unit B) has predominantly normal polarity (magnetozones BS1, BS2 and BS3n) with three thin reversed polarity magnetozones. The lower part of unit B to the lower part of unit C of the Otter Sandstone Formation is predominantly reverse polarity (magnetozones BS3r, BS4 and BS5), but includes three short normal polarity intervals. The upper ca. 50 m of unit C shows a mix of normal and reverse polarity (BS6, BS7) with normal dominating. The ca. 15-m-thick unit D is entirely of normal polarity (BS8n). The magnetostratigraphy allows unambiguous comparison with conodont and ammonite calibrated magnetostratigraphies from elsewhere in Europe. These show that the BS2 and BS3n magnetozones of the Otter Sandstone Formation are lower Aegean to middle Pelsonian (lower to middle Anisian). The BS3r to BS5r magnetozone interval, is middle Pelsonian to lower Illyrian (middle to upper Anisian), and the BS6 to BS8n magnetozone interval is middle Illyrian to lower Fassanian. The top of unit D is correlated to an interval in the middle of the Nevadites Zone (close to the Anisian-Ladinian boundary). Consequently, the Otter Sandstone Formation correlates with the Muschelkalk in the Polish Basin, but is equivalent to only part of the Germanic Basin Muschelkalk. The continuous magnetostratigraphy from the Sherwood Sandstone Group, provides additional details of the polarity pattern through the Pelsonian to Illyrian interval, which appears to be lacking in discontinuous marine sections. A synthesis of adjacent European sedimentary basins in combination with the magnetostratigraphy, suggests that the Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds are probably Late Spathian to lower Aegean.     

Echinoid Spines from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Qingyan, South- western China

Echinoid remains from the Triassic of China are described for the first time. The Middle Triassic of Qingyan in Guizhou Province, south-western China, has yielded nine taxa of primary spines; seven of these come from the lower Upper Anisian. Because all of the spines are disarticulated, the material is treated only parataxonomically. 'Cidaris' lineola (Bather) and 'Cidaris' wissmanni (Desor) are species originally described from the alpine Triassic of Europe. 'Cidaris' bangtoupoensis sp. nov., 'Cidaris' wachangpoensis sp. nov., 'Cidaris' venustespinosa sp. nov., 'Cidaris' fangchui sp. nov., 'Cidaris' gu sp. nov., 'Cidaris' mafengpoensis sp. nov. and 'Cidaris' sp. A are so far known only from Qingyan. Palaeoautecological interpretations based on the shapes of the spines fit well with the fact that the echinoids from Qingyan are part of highly diverse fossil associations which represent the remains of communities that lived in a protected, shallow-marine, stable soft-bottom habitat. The rather high diversity of the echinoid spines in terms of the number of both taxa and general types of shape shows that the echinoids, after nearly becoming extinct at the end of the Palaeozoic, began a new phase of adaptive radiation in the Anisian at the latest.     

中三叠世青岩生物群的群体古生态学初步研究

根据群体古生态学的初步研究,认为青岩生物群的富集是因为发育一个较为特殊的生态环境,即位于斜坡与台地交接处的一个小型盆地－护障性浅海中,生态类型分析结果表明,此处为低能稳定的水域,水溶在正常浪基面之下,风暴浪基面之上,海水清澈,氧气充足,营养丰富,并可能富产海藻,因而十分有利于海相底栖生物繁衍。     

中三叠世青岩生物群的群体古生态学初步研究

根据群体古生态学的初步研究,认为青岩生物群的富集是因为发育一个较为特殊的生态环境,即位于斜坡与台地交接处的一个小型盆地--护障性浅海中,生态类型分析结果表明,此处为低能稳定的水域,水深在正常浪基面之下、风暴浪基面之上,海水清彻、氧气充足、营养丰富,并可能富产海藻,因而十分有利于海相底栖生物繁衍。     

Recovery of carbonate platform production in the Lombardy Basin during the Anisian: paleoecological significance and constrain on paleogeographic evolution

In the Central Lombardy Basin (Southern Alps) Anisian carbonate platform marginal facies yielding the first documented occurrence of coral colonies in this area of the Western Tethys has been recognized. These marginal facies identify the east-west transition between two sectors with a different Anisian evolution. West of the recognized marginal facies the Anisian succession is characterised by subtidal bioturbated limestones passing upward to peritidal dolostones, whereas toward the east a thicker succession of subtidal facies persist until the end of the Anisian. The margin belt develops at the passage between a more subsiding eastern portion and a less subsiding one toward the west. The different facies and thickness of the Anisian succession east and west of the marginal facies is indicative of syndepositional tectonics. The transition from subtidal to peritidal facies in the western sector is ascribed to a sea-level fall that favoured the onsetting of peritidal facies on the less subsiding block and of marginal facies on its border. The occurrence of a N-S trending syndepositional Anisian fault system could also explain the scarce progradational evolution of the margin facies, prevented both by the paleobathymetric setting and by the scarce productivity of the Anisian marginal communities. The presence, in the Anisian marginal facies, of crinoids and corals (together with the occurrence of one of the oldest specimen of coralline red algae) outlines the return to normal marine conditions and documents the recovery of the carbonate platform marginal faunal association after the Permo-Triassic crisis in the Western Southern Alps.     

Anisian (middle triassic) buildups of the Northern Dolomites (Italy): The recovery of reef communities after the permian/triassic crisis

Summary After the end-Permian crisis and a global ‘reef gap’ in the early Triassic, reefs appeared again during the early Middle Triassic. Records of Anisian reefs are rare in the Tethys as well as in non-Tethyan regions. Most Anisian reefs are known from the western part of the Tethys but there are only very few studies focused on biota, facies types and the paleogeographical situation of these reefs. From the eastern part of the Tethys, Anisian reefs, reefal buildups or potential reef-building organisms have been reported from different regions of southern China. Most of the Anisian reefs known from western and central Europe as well as from southern China seem to be of middle and late Pelsonian age. The study area is situated in the northern Dolomites (South Tyrol, Italy) southeast of Bruneck (Brunico). It comprises the area between Olang (Valdaora) and Prags (Braies). The study is based on detailed investigations of the regional geology, stratigraphy and lithofacies (R. Zühlke, T. Bechst?dt) as well as on a comprehensive inventory of Anisian reef organisms (B. Senowbari-Daryan, E. Flügel). These data are used in the discussion of the controls on the recovery of reefs during the early Middle Triassic. Most late Anisian reef carbonates studied are represented by allochthonous talus reef blocks of cubicmeter size. Small biostromal autochthonous mounds are extremely rare (Piz da Peres). The reef mounds as well as most of the reef blocks occur within the middle to late Pelsonian Recoaro Formation. They were formed on the middle reaches of carbonate ramps in subtidal depths, slightly above the storm wave base with only moderate water energy. Most lithotypes observed in the reef blocks correspond to sponge and/or algal bafflestones. Low-growing sessile organisms (Olangocoelia (sponge, alga?), sphinctozoan sponges, bryozoans, soleno-poracean algae, corals) and encrusting epibionts (sponges, porostromate algae, cyanophycean crusts, foraminifera, worms, microproblematica) created low cm-sized biogenic structures (bioconstructions) which baffled and bound sediment. Organic framework was only of minor importance; it is restricted to theOlangocoelia lithotype. Framework porosity was small in these reef mounds. Submarine carbonate cements, therefore, are only of minor importance s compared with Permian or Ladinian reefs. The relatively high number of lithotypes encountered in the reef blocks indicates a high biofacies diversity. Regarding the relative frequency, the diverse biota consist in descending order ofOlangocoelia, sponges (sphinctozoans, inozoans, siliceous sponges), bryozoans, porostromate algae and worm tubes. The sphinctozoans are characterized by small, mostly incrusting forms. The numerical diversity (species richness) is low compared with late Permian or Ladinian and late Triassic sphinctozoan faunas occurring within reefs. Following the sponges, monospecific bryozoans (Reptonoditrypa cautica Sch?fer & Fois) are the most common organisms in the reef limestones. Porostromate algae were restricted to areas within the bioconstructions not inhabited by sponges. The low-diverse corals had no importance in the construction of an organic framework. Surprisingly, microbial crusts are rare or even lacking in the investigated Anisian bioconstructions. This is in contrast to late Permian and Ladinian as well as Carnian reefs which are characterized by the abundance of specific organic crusts. The same comes true for‘Tubiphytes’ which is a common constituent in Permian, Ladinian and Carnian reef carbonates but is very rare in the Anisian of the Olang Dolomites. Instead of‘Tubiphytes’ different kinds of worm tubes (spirorbid tubes, Mg-calcitic tubes and agglutinated tubes) were of importance as epifaunal elements. Macrobial encrustations consisting of characteristic successions of sponges, bryozoans, algae, worm tubes and microproblematica seem to be of greater quantitative importance than in Ladinian reefs. Destruction of organic skeletons (predominantly of bryozoans) by macroborers (cirripedia?) is a common feature. The Anisian reef organisms are distinctly different from late Permian and from most Ladinian reef-builders. No Permian Lazarus taxa have been found. New taxa: Sphinctozoan sponges—Celyphia? minima n.sp.,Thaumastocoelia dolomitica n. sp.,Deningeria tenuireticulata n. sp.,Deningeria crassireticulata n. sp.,Anisothalamia minima n.g. n.sp., Inozoan sponges-Meandrostia triassica n.sp. Microproblematica-Anisocellula fecunda n.g. n.sp., Porostromate alga-Brandneria dolomitica n.g. n.sp. Most of our data are in agreement with the model described byFois & Gaetani (1984) for the recovery of reef-building communities during the Ansian but the biotic diversity seems to be considerably higher than previously assumed. Anisian deposition and the formation of the reef mounds within the Pelsonian Recoaro Formation of the Dolomites were controlled by the combined effects of synsedimentary tectonics and eustatic changes in sea-level. During several time intervals, especially the early Anisian (northern and western Dolomites: tectonic uplift), the early Pelsonian (eastern Dolomites: drowning) and the late Illyrian (wide parts of the Dolomites: uplift and drowning), the sedimentation was predominantly controlled by regionally different tectonic subsidence rates. The amount of terrigenous clastic input associated with synsedimentary tectonics (tectonic uplift of hinterlands) had a major influence on carbonate deposition and reef development. The re-appearance of reef environments in the Olang Dolomites was controlled by a combination of regional and global factors (paleogeographic situation: development of carbonate ramps; decreasing subsidence of horst blocks; reduced terrigenous input; moderate rise in sea-level).     

NEW MYSIDIELLIDAE (BIVALVIA) FROM THE ANISIAN (MIDDLE TRIASSIC) OF QINGYAN, SOUTH-WEST CHINA

Abstract:  Three new genera including four new species of the bivalve family Mysidiellidae are described from late middle to early late Anisian (Middle Triassic) deposits of Qingyan, Guizhou Province, south-west China. The new taxa Leidapoconcha gigantea gen. et sp. nov., Waijiaoella elegans gen. et sp. nov., Waijiaoella speciosa gen. et sp. nov. and Qingyaniola mirabilis gen. et sp. nov. significantly increase the known taxonomic diversity within the Mysidiellidae. These findings suggest a somewhat endemic evolutionary development within this small bivalve family during the Middle Triassic in south-west China.