酒酒球菌液氮超低温保存

【目地】为安全、长期的保藏酒酒球菌,本文研究了菌体生长时间、冷冻方法、解冻温度、菌密度以及保护剂等对酒酒球菌细胞冷冻存活率的影响,找到最优液氮超低温保存方法。【方法】采用平板计数法测定冷冻存活率。【结果】实验结果表明酒酒球菌的最佳保存方法为:首先在稳定期前期离心收集菌体;其次加入保护剂(20 g/L酵母浸提物,40V/V甘油,20 g/L蔗糖,30 g/L谷氨酸钠)稀释菌体,使菌密度为109CFU/mL;然后直接投入液氮冷冻;最后在37℃温水浴中迅速解冻。保存6个月后,其中21株酒酒球菌的冷冻存活率达到99%以上。【结论】初步研究表明酵母浸提物,甘油,蔗糖,谷氨酸钠复合保护剂对酒酒球菌的保护效果较好,液氮超低温保存可用于酒酒球菌的长期保存。     

仔猪副伤寒活疫苗中耐热保护剂应用相关参数的研究

【目的】研究并确定耐热保护剂在仔猪副伤寒活疫苗中应用的各参数,为制备细菌耐热保护剂活疫苗提供参考。【方法】将耐热保护剂与制苗菌液等体积混合,分别采用3种常用冻干曲线(1、2、3)进行冻干,抽样检测确定耐热保护剂配套冻干曲线。在确定合适冻干曲线的基础上,进一步研究耐热保护剂与不同菌龄菌液(发酵培养12、15、18和21 h)、不同浓度菌液(菌液终浓度分别为3×1010、5×1010和7×1010 CFU/m L)、不同感作时间(分别作用0、24和48 h)、耐热保护剂的不同保存时间(2-8°C分别保存0、10、20、30和40 d),以及不同分装量(2、3和4 m L)等多种不同参数对疫苗质量的影响。【结果】配套冻干曲线研究表明,曲线2冻干的产品性状、活菌存活率与耐老化指标效果最好;菌龄研究表明,37°C发酵培养18 h(位于对数生长末期或稳定前期),其冻干菌存活率达78%-81%,优于其它时间;配苗试验表明,菌液适宜终浓度为3×1010-5×1010 CFU/m L;最适感作时间为2-8°C感作24 h,冻干菌存活率可达85.3%-90.5%;耐热保护剂保存期试验表明,2-8°C保存40 d与0 d(配制当日)的保护剂冻干效果基本一致;配苗分装量试验表明,7 m L西林瓶中分装3 m L或4 m L,其冻干菌存活率与2 m L基本一致,但耐老化试验中活菌存活率比2 m L略高。【结论】收获发酵培养18 h的菌液、配苗终浓度采用3×1010-5×1010 CFU/m L,使用2-8°C保存40 d内的耐热保护剂,让保护剂与制苗用菌液2-8°C感作24 h,采用3-4 m L进行定量分装,按曲线2冻干为制备仔猪副伤寒耐热保护剂活疫苗的适合参数。     

微流控法制备载卵母细胞水凝胶微球及其玻璃化保存

目的 通过微流控法制备载卵母细胞海藻酸钠微球,在低浓度保护剂下实现卵母细胞玻璃化保存。方法 采用流动聚焦型微流控芯片,通过调整芯片结构、海藻酸钠溶液浓度和流速比,制备大小均匀、空包率低、低温耐受的载卵母细胞海藻酸钠水凝胶微球。在低浓度低温保护剂下将微球玻璃化保存,复温后检测存活率,采用细胞松弛素B和氯化锶孤雌激活卵母细胞,与Cryotop玻璃化法对比卵母细胞存活率和卵裂率、囊胚率。结果 制备的海藻酸钠微球在冷冻复温前后的体积稳定且结构完整,在将卵母细胞包封在海藻酸钠水凝胶中后,空包率低,存活率、卵裂率和囊胚率与新鲜组相比无显著差异。在低浓度低温保护剂10% DMSO+10%乙二醇（EG）+0.5 mol/L海藻糖中玻璃化冻存后卵母细胞的存活率达到92.48%,卵裂率70.80%,囊胚率20.42%,与高浓度保护剂15% DMSO+15% EG+0.5 mol/L海藻糖中Cryotop玻璃化法相比无显著性差异。结论 本文设计制作了三通道内部交联芯片并用于卵母细胞玻璃化保存的微流控系统,可生成大小均匀、空包率低、低温耐受的载卵母细胞海藻酸钠水凝胶微球,在低浓度保护剂下实现玻璃化保存,为卵母细胞玻璃化保存方法提供新思路。     

L-干燥法和冷冻真空干燥法保藏放线菌效果的比较

L-干燥法和冷冻真空干燥法保藏不同放线菌效果是不一致的。在低温5℃多数放线菌用L-干燥法保藏,无论是干燥后及保存11个月以后其成活率均比冷冻真空干燥法高,但L-干燥法对温度较敏感,在温度37℃保藏成活率有下降的趋势。而冷冻真空干燥法在短期内保藏受温度影响较小。两种方法使用三种保护剂:10%脱脂牛奶粉,3%谷氨酸钠,1%蛋白胨+10%蔗糖,其中以10%脱脂牛奶粉为最理想。因此,采用L-干燥法以10%脱脂牛奶粉为保护剂,在低温5℃长期保存放线菌是较理想的方法之一。两种方法三种保护剂保存11个月后对葡萄糖异构酶     

L-干燥法和冷冻真空干燥法保藏放线菌效果的比较

L-干燥法和冷冻真空干燥法保藏不同放线菌效果是不一致的。在低温5℃多数放线菌用L-干燥法保藏,无论是干燥后及保存11个月以后其成活率均比冷冻真空干燥法高,但L-干燥法对温度较敏感,在温度37℃保藏成活率有下降的趋势。而冷冻真空干燥法在短期内保藏受温度影响较小。两种方法使用三种保护剂:10%脱脂牛奶粉,3%谷氨酸钠,1%蛋白胨+10%蔗糖,其中以10%脱脂牛奶粉为最理想。因此,采用L-干燥法以10%脱脂牛奶粉为保护剂,在低温5℃长期保存放线菌是较理想的方法之一。两种方法三种保护剂保存11个月后对葡萄糖异构酶     

粪微生态制品移植治疗孤独症病例报道

目的孤独症(autism spectrum disorders,ASD)发病机制不明,患病率逐渐增多,缺乏客观诊断指标,常规治疗主要依靠教育和行为训练,但效果十分有限。本研究通过胃肠镜粪微生态制品移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)治疗儿童孤独症1例,探索其疗效和可行性。方法参照本课题组报道的方法,收集通过严格筛选的供体粪便,体外制备粪微生态制品。孤独症患儿,男性,8岁,确诊孤独症5年余,合并功能性消化不良症状。静脉麻醉下,分别经胃镜、肠镜行粪微生态制品大肠和小肠注入。以临床评价、患儿的生活行为观察(来自患儿主要照顾者),孤独症行为评定检查表(autism behaviorchecklist,ABC),儿童期孤独症评定量表(childhood autism rating scale,CARS)进行治疗前后评估和对比。结果治疗前患儿ABC量表评分为112分,CARS量表积分为38分;治疗后8周,ABC量表评分降低至76分,CARS量表积分降低至32分,积分改善非常显著。语言、沟通、感觉、运动、自我照顾的各项能力整体提高,同时患儿在睡眠障碍、胃肠道症状、情绪方面有明显改善,尤其是胃肠道症状(呃逆)显著缓解。结论粪微生态制品移植对该例孤独症患儿的治疗,疗效明显,未见明显副反应,提示粪微生态制品移植对孤独症患儿可能是一种潜在的新疗法,但其长期疗效、不良反应有待多样本的深入研究。     

正交法优化嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌冷冻干燥保护剂

利用正交实验方法,以甘油、海藻糖、蔗糖和牛血清蛋白为因素,对嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acididfiobacillus ferrooxidans,A．ferrooxidans）冷冻干燥保护剂的最优化配比进行了研究。直观分析、因素指标分析和方差分析的结果表明：由甘油、海藻糖、蔗糖和牛血清蛋白组成的冷冻干燥保护剂中,对存活率影响的主次顺序依次为：甘油〉海藻糖〉牛血清蛋白〉蔗糖。保护剂的最优化组合为甘油5％、海藻糖15％、蔗糖18％、牛血清蛋白10％。经过验证,该组合的保护剂可使冷冻干燥嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌的存活率达到94％。     

《儿童粪菌移植技术规范的共识》解读

粪便微生物群移植,即粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)是通过各种方式将健康捐赠者的粪便菌群移植入患者的消化道内,改善其肠道微生态,以达到治疗疾病的目的。中华预防医学会微生态学分会儿科微生态学组于2016年组织制定了《儿童粪菌移植技术规范的共识》。本文就该共识涉及的儿童粪菌移植适应证、必备条件、方法学(包括捐赠者筛查、排除及剔除的标准、粪菌液制备、粪菌移植途径和剂量的选择、粪菌移植后的观察及处理以及粪菌移植后的随访)等方面的关键问题进行解读。     

仙客来愈伤组织的超低温保存

为了避免连续继代造成仙客来愈伤组织的变异, 对仙客来愈伤组织进行了超低温冷冻保存研究。以继代后处于对数生长期的愈伤组织为实验材料, 首先在含有不同蔗糖浓度的培养基上预培养不同时间, 转至不同的冰冻保护剂中直接液氮冷冻或-20oC预冷冻2 h, 然后液氮超冷冻保存, 37oC水浴迅速解冻, 并用相应蔗糖浓度的液体培养基洗涤, 以中性红染色测定细胞的存活率, SPSS13.0软件进行统计学分析。结果表明: 预培养基中蔗糖浓度、预培养时间、降温方式、冷冻保护剂等对解冻后材料相对存活率存在不同程度的影响, 筛选出4%蔗糖浓度预培养3 d、9号保护剂、0oC停留30 min后直接冷冻为超低温保存的最佳方案, 通过简单的方法获得了较好的愈伤组织保存效果。     

仙客来愈伤组织的超低温保存

为了避免连续继代造成仙客来愈伤组织的变异, 对仙客来愈伤组织进行了超低温冷冻保存研究。以继代后处于对数生长期的愈伤组织为实验材料, 首先在含有不同蔗糖浓度的培养基上预培养不同时间, 转至不同的冰冻保护剂中直接液氮冷冻或-20oC预冷冻2 h, 然后液氮超冷冻保存, 37oC水浴迅速解冻, 并用相应蔗糖浓度的液体培养基洗涤, 以中性红染色测定细胞的存活率, SPSS13.0软件进行统计学分析。结果表明: 预培养基中蔗糖浓度、预培养时间、降温方式、冷冻保护剂等对解冻后材料相对存活率存在不同程度的影响, 筛选出4%蔗糖浓度预培养3 d、9号保护剂、0oC停留30 min后直接冷冻为超低温保存的最佳方案, 通过简单的方法获得了较好的愈伤组织保存效果。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.