解淀粉芽孢杆菌抑菌机制的研究进展

解淀粉芽孢杆菌能够产生种类繁多的抑菌物质,可以有效的抑制真菌和细菌的活性。近几年来,关于解淀粉芽孢杆菌抑菌机制的研究报道越来越多,大部分研究已经深入到分子水平。综述了国内外有关解淀粉芽孢杆菌的全基因组信息和解淀粉芽孢杆菌抑菌机制的相关研究。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗菌机制研究进展

自然界中,细菌与细菌之间、细菌与其他生物之间存在广泛的相互作用。细菌产生的代谢物质可以提高自身在自然界中的竞争/生存能力。解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)能够产生种类繁多的抑菌物质,有效地抑制真菌和其他细菌的活性,是一类应用较广的生防菌。到目前为止,解淀粉芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用研究已经广泛开展,但是生物体是复杂多变的,仍然有很多东西是未知的,并且利用解淀粉芽孢杆菌进行生物防治的前景十分广阔,所以加强对抑菌物质的机制研究、提取相关抗菌物质尤为关键。本文综述了国内外有关解淀粉芽孢杆菌的抑菌机制研究,为进一步探究解淀粉芽孢杆菌的抑菌机制、抑菌基因和基因工程菌做好铺垫。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌分子遗传操作及其应用研究进展

解淀粉芽孢杆菌是FDA认定的安全级(generally recognized as safe,GRAS)菌株,在工业酶制剂、高分子聚合物、大宗化学品、绿色生物农药等方面的生产具有突出的优势。近年来,随着解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分子遗传操作技术越来越成熟,对利用该菌开发成微生物发酵平台化菌株用于合成生物学制造领域提出了更迫切的需求。文中围绕解淀粉芽孢杆菌的遗传操作工具、代谢改造应用和未来发展前景等方面进行了详细综述,为进一步推动解淀粉芽孢杆菌合成生物学技术的创新与发展提供借鉴和参考。     

生防解淀粉芽胞杆菌的研究进展

解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)因能抑制植物病害和促进植物生长而被广泛研究。随着测序技术的不断发展,解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌株的全基因组序列陆续被测定,综述了其拮抗作用相关的功能基因、生防机制及植物-病原物-生防菌的相互作用,并对后续研究趋势进行了展望,为解淀粉芽胞杆菌的深入研究及其更好的应用提供理论参考     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌对三角褐指藻的化感作用研究

实验研究不同剂量(100、500和1000μL)的解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌液、解淀粉芽孢杆菌代谢产物和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)及代谢产物混合液3种组合对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)生长的影响.结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌、其代谢产物和两种的混合液对三...     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌Q426双组分信号转导系统的生物信息学分析

[目的]分析解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)双组分信号转导系统(Two-Component Signal Transduction System,TCS)的结构、功能和分布,为挖掘解淀粉芽孢杆菌的生物功能、开发其商业价值提供理论依据。[方法]采用生物信息学方法,系统分析了由笔者实验室分离得到并完成全基因组测序的解淀粉芽孢杆菌Q426的TCS。[结果]Q426菌株所携带的HKs和RRs分别为42和40,其中成对的TCS(HK-RR)数为19,杂合的TCS(Hybrid)为1,而HKs和RRs分别为22和20,并对19对TCS中15对的生物学功能做出预测。[结论]Q426菌株的TCS涉及杆菌肽、羊毛硫抗生素和多种抗菌肽的合成,为深入研究解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗菌活性物质的合成与调控提供思路。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌研究进展

解淀粉芽孢杆菌具有广泛的抗菌能力,在环保、种植业、水产养殖业具有广泛的应用前景。本文对近年来关于解淀粉芽孢杆菌的研究与探索,从分离、筛选、鉴定、优化培养、分子生物学鉴别、代谢产物分析及应用研究方面进行了总结。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌分离鉴定及培养优化的研究进展

解淀粉芽胞杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）是芽胞杆菌属的一个种，广泛存在于自然界，具有丰富的生境多样性，其芽胞具有抗逆性，可抵抗不良环境，同时能产生多种抗菌物质，如脂肽、抗菌蛋白和多种酶类，能抗植物病原真菌和有害细菌，该菌能形成生物膜，定植于植物根系，促进植物生长，因此对该菌进行分离鉴定以及培养优化具有重要意义。截至目前，已经从各种生境中分离、鉴定了多种有应用价值的解淀粉芽胞杆菌，通过不同策略对该菌的培养基和培养条件进行优化，使该菌相关功能得以提高。本文综述了近年来对解淀粉芽胞杆菌的生境多样性、分离鉴定及培养基和培养条件优化的策略，简要归纳了国内外关于解淀粉芽胞杆菌重要的工业和商业产品，为更好地研究和应用解淀粉芽胞杆菌提供必要的参考和借鉴。     

Zn对解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8生物膜形成及拮抗能力的影响

【背景】锌（Zn）是一种微量元素,对细菌细胞的结构和调节系统非常重要。细菌在环境中会受到高浓度锌离子影响,进而影响其自身的功能。【目的】研究Zn对解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8生物膜及拮抗松枯梢病病菌能力的影响,探讨二者之间的联系和可能的作用机制,为生防菌在不同环境条件下的应用提供理论依据。【方法】观察解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8在不同浓度锌离子条件下生物膜的形成情况,采用平板对峙法探究非致死浓度的锌离子对解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8拮抗松枯梢病病菌效果的影响,通过RT-qPCR检测ZnCl₂处理后生物膜相关基因的表达,检测抗菌产物的生成情况。【结果】300 μmol/L ZnCl₂对解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8的生长量无影响,但显著抑制了JK-JS8生物膜形成能力及拮抗病原菌能力。Zn胁迫下,tasA、spo0A和bamD等生物膜相关基因的表达量与对照组相比明显下调,通过液相色谱检测到抑菌产物bacillomycin D的产量在24、48和72 h时分别降低了39.1%、58.8%和61.0%。【结论】环境中的锌离子浓度过高会影响解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8的生物膜形成,进而降低其拮抗病原菌的能力。     

鲟源嗜水气单胞菌拮抗解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的制备工艺及其特性

【目的】优化鲟源嗜水气单胞菌拮抗解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的制备工艺,并观察其特性。【方法】以明胶为壁材,采用单因素法,考察了明胶浓度、进风温度、进料速度、空气流量等因素对解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊有效含菌量的影响,并进一步通过正交试验设计优化制备解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的喷雾干燥工艺参数,观察其微胶囊颗粒形态以及对人工模拟胃液和肠液的耐受力。【结果】解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊喷雾干燥的最佳制备工艺条件为:明胶浓度为3%,进风温度为155°C,进料速度为8 mL/min,空气流量为700 L/h,各因素对其喷雾干燥工艺的影响程度为:明胶浓度进料速度空气流量进风温度。此外,解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的颗粒呈球形,表面有凹陷,但没有孔和裂纹,颗粒粒径分布基本均匀,平均大小为9.22μm,对人工模拟胃液和肠液具有较好的耐受力,对鲟源嗜水气单胞菌具有良好的生长抑制效果。【结论】本研究结果为鲟源嗜水气单胞菌拮抗解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的工业化生产奠定了基础。     

1株产细菌纤维素芽胞杆菌的分离及鉴定

从残次水果中分离出1株菌株ZF-7,其产物经纤维素特异性染色反应、红外光谱分析及纤维素酶水解实验后,被确定为细菌纤维素。在对ZF-7菌株常规形态学及生理生化特性鉴定的基础上,对部分长度的16S rDNA同源性进行了分析,发现ZF-7菌株与解淀粉芽胞杆菌相似度可达99.5%,现命名为Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ZF-7。对ZF-7菌株在振荡培养和静置培养条件下的发酵性能进行了初步考察,得到细菌纤维素产率分别为6.6和6.2 g/L。     

一株引起马来甜龙竹组培污染内生菌的分离与鉴定

【目的】对一株引起马来甜龙竹组培污染内生菌的分离与鉴定。【方法】采用改良的NA培养基分离纯化菌株,并通过菌体的形态结构观察、生理生化试验及其16SrDNA序列同源性分析对其进行鉴定。【结果】菌株SWFU01的形态特征及生理生化试验结果与解淀粉芽孢杆菌[Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(Fukumoto)Priest et al.]的描述基本相同;16S rDNA序列分析表明,该菌株与解淀粉芽孢杆菌JS在同一系统发育分支,其同源性为99.28%。【结论】综合形态学特征、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列分析的研究结果,菌株SWFU01被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。     

Why is one Bacillus alpha-amylase more resistant against irreversible thermoinactivation than another?

Half-lives of Bacillus alpha-amylases at 90 degrees C and pH 6.5 greatly increase in the series from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Bacillus stearothermophilus to Bacillus licheniformis, e.g. the difference in thermostability between the first and the third enzymes exceeds 2 orders of magnitude. This stabilization is achieved by lowering the rate constant of monomolecular conformational scrambling, which is the cause of irreversible thermoinactivation of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. stearothermophilus alpha-amylases, so that for B. licheniformis alpha-amylase, another process, deamidation of Asn/Gln residues, emerges as the cause of inactivation. The extra thermostability of the thermophilic enzyme was found to be mainly due to additional salt bridges involving a few specific lysine residues (Lys-385 and Lys-88 and/or Lys-253). These stabilizing electrostatic interactions reduce the extent of unfolding of the enzyme molecule at high temperatures, consequently making it less prone to forming incorrect (scrambled) structures and thus decreasing the overall rate of irreversible thermoinactivation. The implications of these findings for protein engineering are discussed.     

Unrelatedness of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis

Eight strains of highly amylolytic, sporeforming bacilli (hereafter referred to as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) were compared with respect to their taxonomic relationship to B. subtilis. The physiological-biochemical properties of these two groups of organisms showed that B. amyloliquefaciens differed from B. subtilis by their ability to grow in 10% NaCl, characteristic growth on potato plugs, increased production of alpha-amylase, and their ability to ferment lactose with the production of acid. The base compositions of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the B. subtilis strains consistently fell in the range of 41.5 to 43.5% guanine + cytosine (G + C), whereas that of the B. amyloliquefaciens strains was in the 43.5 to 44.9% G + C range. Hybrid formation between B. subtilis W23 and B. amyloliquefaciens F DNA revealed only a 14.7 to 15.4% DNA homology between the two species. Transducing phage, SP-10, was able to propagate on B. subtilis W23 and B. amyloliquefaciens N, and would transduce B. subtilis 168 (indole(-)) and B. amyloliquefaciens N-10 (arginine(-)) to prototrophy with a frequency of 3.9 x 10(-4) and 2.4 x 10(-5) transductants per plaque-forming unit, respectively. Attempts to transduce between the two species were unsuccessful. These data show that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a valid species and should not be classified as a strain or variety of B. subtilis.     

Genetic and functional characterization of a Bacillus sp. strain excreting surfactin and antifungal metabolites partially identified as iturin-like compounds

AIMS: A bacterial strain producing antifungal compounds active against the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Sclerotinia has been characterized and shown to control Rhizoctonia root rot of soya bean. METHODS AND RESULTS: The metabolites excreted by Bacillus BNM 122 remained active after autoclaving, were resistant over a wide pH range and to hydrolytic enzymes. By (1)H-NMR and thin-layer chromatography analyses surfactin and iturin-like compounds were partially identified. Moreover, soya bean seeds bacterization with BNM 122 in a compost-based formulation was as effective controlling Rhizoctonia solani as pentachloronitrobenzene. According to its 16S rDNA sequence BNM 122 was closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis. PCR analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region and repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) genomic fingerprinting revealed a close genetic relationship to B. amyloliquefaciens. However, by physiological characterization using API tests, this strain resembled more B. subtilis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report describing the co-production of surfactin and iturin-like compounds by a putative strain of B. amyloliquefaciens. The synergistic effect of both lipopetides is a remarkable trait for a candidate biocontrol agent. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This kind of research has relevance in order to minimize the use of synthetic fungicides and surfactants, contributing to the preservation of the environment.     

Use of plasmid pTV1 in transposon mutagenesis and gene cloning in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

The plasmid pTV1, constructed in Bacillus subtilis as a tool for insertional mutagenesis by the transposon Tn917, has been transferred to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by transduction with the phage PBS1. Insertional mutants containing Tn917 were observed in the new host. Southern blot analysis of such mutants indicated no preference for insertion sites. The copy numbers of pTV1 in B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis were found to be 1.4 and 14, respectively; the plasmid is less stable against loss in B. amyloliquefaciens. The overall transposition rate in B. amyloliquefaciens is nevertheless comparable to that in B. subtilis and large numbers of mutants are readily obtained. The yield of auxotrophs was about 0.7% of all mutants, but the preponderance of glutamate auxotrophs seen in B. subtilis was not observed. A number of auxotrophs were identified as to nutritional requirements and those tested were found to be stable. Mutants deficient in extracellular proteases, amylase, and ribonuclease (barnase) were also found and the inactivated barnase gene has been cloned in Escherichia coli. It seems likely, therefore, that any B. amyloliquefaciens gene for which there is a functional test could be cloned by this technique.     

Physiological responses of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores to high pressure

Pressure inactivation behavior of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores was investigated in deionized water. The spores of B. amyloliquefaciens were subjected to 105 degrees C and 700 MPa. The magnitude of the decrease in viability after pressure treatment was similar to that after pressure treatment followed by heat shock. The increase of dipicolinic acid (DPA) release was correlated with the spore inactivation, and the hydrophobicity did not significantly change during the pressure-assisted thermal processing (PATP). Lag phase duration increased with increasing pressure process time. The mechanisms of spore germination and inactivation during the PATP were related to a complex physiological process.     

可可西里低温适生拮抗芽孢杆菌的筛选鉴定及脂肽化合物分析

极端环境特殊微生物资源研究和开发具有广阔的应用前景和研究意义.对分离筛选自青海可可西里境内植被根围的8株在4和10 ℃条件下生长良好的低温适生芽孢杆菌进行鉴定分析.结果表明: 通过生理生化特征分析、rep-PCR指纹图谱分析、16S rDNA及gyrB基因序列分析鉴定,8株供试菌株分别为莫哈韦芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)3株,解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciens)1株和简单芽孢杆菌(B. simplex)4株.采用平板对峙试验从中筛选到4株对油菜菌核病原真菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)及水稻白叶枯病原细菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)均具有显著拮抗活性的生防菌株;采用MALDI-TOF-MS质谱分析生防菌株的拮抗活性物质,结果显示菌株KKD-1 (B. mojavensis)产生脂肽类化合物泛革素和表面活性素,菌株KKD-2(B. amyloliquefaciens)产生脂肽类化合物伊枯草菌素A、泛革素和表面活性素,推断生防菌株的拮抗活性可能与脂肽化合物的合成及分泌有关.该研究为低温适生性芽孢杆菌生物肥料和生物农药的研发提供了菌株资源.     

The use of starch and skim milk in the regeneration of Bacillus amylotiquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis protoplasts

The addition of starch or skim milk to bovine serum albumin-containing regeneration medium enhances the regeneration of both Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis protoplasts. With B. amyloliquefaciens starch could replace bovine serum albumin; with B. subtilis either starch or skim milk could be used instead of bovine serum albumin. The maximum regeneration frequency achieved was 10% with B. amyloliquefaciens and 290% with B. subtilis .