红背山麻杆叶的化学成分研究(Ⅳ)——多酚类化合物（英文）

红背山麻杆(Alchornea trewioides)为山麻杆属植物,作为传统的中药被用来减轻疾病和身体不适,但它的药效物质基础尚未完全清楚。为了全面掌握红背山麻杆药效物质基础,采用80%丙酮对其新鲜叶进行提取,并利用MCI gel CHP 20P、Sephadex LH-20等色谱柱进行分离共得到9个化合物。这些化合物的结构经氢谱与碳谱比较分析鉴定为鞣花酸(1)、3-O-甲基没食子酸(2)、decarboxyellagic acid(3)、1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(4)、1,6-二-O-没食子酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(5)、柯里拉京(6)、叶下珠鞣质D(7)、furosonin(8)、老鹳草素(9)。其中化合物2~9均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

展毛野牡丹酚类化学成分的研究

为了明确展毛野牡丹的化学成分,该研究采用Diaion HP20SS、MCI gel、Sephadex LH-20柱层析和反相高效液相色谱等方法,对展毛野牡丹根和茎的醇提物分别进行了分离纯化。结果表明:从展毛野牡丹中分离得到11个化合物,它们的结构经波谱数据分析和鉴定。它们分别是4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯酚1-O-β-D-(6'-O-没食子酰)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、3,4-二羟基苯乙醇4-O-β-D-(6'-O-没食子酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、龙胆酸5-O-β-D-(6'-O-没食子酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、2,4,6-三甲氧基苯酚1-O-β-D-(6'-O-没食子酰)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、甲基6-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、乙基6-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、6'-O-没食子酰基黑樱苷(7)、没食子酸甲酯(8)、没食子酸乙酯(9)、2,6-二甲氧基对苯二酚4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、2-甲氧基对苯二酚4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)。所有化合物均为首次从展毛野牡丹中分离得到,化合物2-7、10和11为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

南岭栲叶多酚类化学成分的分离与鉴定

采用Sephadex LH-20、MCI gel CHP 20P和Toyopearl Butyl-650C等柱色谱及半制备液相色谱技术,从壳斗科(Fagaceae)锥属(Castanopsis)植物南岭栲(Castanopsis fordii Hance)叶子乙醇提取物中分离得到18个多酚类化合物,运用波谱学方法解析鉴定为:没食子酸(1)、没食子酸甲酯(2)、没食子酸乙酯(3)、莽草酸-3-O-没食子酸酯(4)、3,3'-二甲基鞣花酸(5)、3,3'-二甲氧基鞣花酸-4'-O-α-D-吡喃木糖苷(6)、3-甲氧基-4'-鼠李糖鞣花酸(7)、6-O-没食子酰基熊果苷(8)、龙胆酸5-O-β-D-(6'-O-没食子酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖(9)、4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenol 1-O-β-D-(6'-O-galloyl)glucoside(10)、1,6-二-O-没食子酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)、gallic acid 3-O-β-D-(6'-Ogalloyl)-glucopyranoside(12)、benzyl 6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(13)、2,3-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose(14)、gemin D(15)、特里马素(16)、丁香素(17)、viburnolide A(18)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

红背山麻杆化学成分的研究

采用柱色谱技术从红背山麻杆叶子的60％乙醇提取物中分离得到4个黄酮苷和2个其他类化合物.根据理化性质及波谱方法分别鉴定为:芹菜素-6-C-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、芹菜素-7-O-芸香糖苷(2)、芹菜素-7-O-β-(2″-O-α-鼠李糖基)葡萄糖醛酸苷(3)、木犀草素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、没食子酸乙酯(5)、β-胡萝卜苷(6).以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1～4为首次从山麻杆属中分离得到的黄酮苷.     

红背山麻杆叶的化学成分研究(Ⅲ)—奎宁酸类化合物

红背山麻杆作为一种常用的传统中药材,它常常被用来治疗前列腺、腰腿痛、炎症等疾病,它的化学成分及抗氧化活性已有研究报道。为了继续研究红背山麻杆的化学成分,以掌握其物质基础,对新鲜叶子80％丙酮提取物水萃取部位,利用凝胶、MCI及Toyopearl Butyl-650C柱色谱进行分离、纯化得到5个奎宁酸类化合物。根据化合物的波谱数据分析鉴定为3-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸(1)、4-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸(2)、5-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸(3)、4-O-galloylquinic acid(4)、5-O-galloylquinic acid(5)。化合物1~5均为首次从本属植物中分离得到。通过抗氧化能力指数检测(ORAC法),所有的化合物均表现出较强的抗氧化活性。     

珍珠菜的化学成分研究(英文)

从珍珠菜(Lysimachia clethroides)根部分离得到8个化合物,通过波谱数据结合理化性质分别鉴定为山奈素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),山奈素-3-O-β-D-(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖)吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),(+)-儿茶素(3),(-)-表儿茶素(4),(+)-没食子儿茶素(5),(-)-表没食子儿茶素(6),(E)-2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7)和2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

红背山麻杆叶的化学成分研究(Ⅲ)——奎宁酸类化合物（英文）

红背山麻杆作为一种常用的传统中药材,它常常被用来治疗前列腺、腰腿痛、炎症等疾病,它的化学成分及抗氧化活性已有研究报道。为了继续研究红背山麻杆的化学成分,以掌握其物质基础,对新鲜叶子80%丙酮提取物水萃取部位,利用凝胶、MCI及Toyopearl Butyl-650C柱色谱进行分离、纯化得到5个奎宁酸类化合物。根据化合物的波谱数据分析鉴定为3-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸(1)、4-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸(2)、5-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸(3)、4-O-galloylquinic acid(4)、5-O-galloylquinic acid(5)。化合物1~5均为首次从本属植物中分离得到。通过抗氧化能力指数检测(ORAC法),所有的化合物均表现出较强的抗氧化活性。     

紫娟茶化学成分及其抗炎抗氧化活性研究

本文对紫娟茶的化学成分进行分离纯化及其抗炎、抗氧化活性进行考察。实验采用现代分离纯化方法,从紫娟茶中共分离得到12个化合物,根据波谱学数据进行结构鉴定为:山柰酚(1)、(+)-表儿茶素(2)、(-)-表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯(3)、杨梅素(4)、表没食子儿茶素-3-O-(3″-O-甲基)没食子酸酯(5)、槲皮素(6)、没食子酸(7)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(8)、3-O-没食子酰基奎宁(9)、小木麻黄素(10)、1,4,6-三-O-没食子酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(11)、咖啡因(12),其中化合物9为首次从紫娟茶中分离得到。化合物11表现出良好的抗氧化活性,化合物1、3、4、6、8～11均具有显著的抗炎活性。     

核桃分心木化学成分及抗炎活性研究

为研究核桃分心木的化学成分,明确其药效物质基础,采用高速逆流色谱、反相C18柱色谱、制备型高效液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,通过质谱、核磁共振波谱等多种谱学数据分析鉴定其化学结构。从核桃分心木的乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离纯化得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为:2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-1H-indole-3-acetic acid(1)、核桃素D(2)、2-hydroxycinchoninic acid(3)、C-藜芦酰乙二醇(4)、槲皮素-3-O-(6″-没食子酰基)-β-D-半乳糖苷(5)、槲皮素-3-O-(6″-没食子酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、金丝桃苷(7)、异槲皮苷(8)、4,8-二羟基-1-四氢萘醌(9)、槲皮素(10)。化合物3,7和8是首次从核桃分心木中分离得到,化合物1、4和6为首次从该种属植物中分离得到。运用Griess法检测LPS诱导的RAW264. 7细胞中一氧化氮(NO)水平,对各单体化合物的抗炎活性进行初步研究,结果显示化合物10具有较好的抗炎作用。     

秋枫化学成分的研究

利用各种色谱技术从秋枫(Bischofia javanica)的根中分离得到11个化合物。通过波谱学方法鉴定为3,4-二羟基苯乙醇(1),2-(3,4-dihydroxy)-phenylethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),tachioside(3),isotachioside(4),儿茶素(5),表儿茶素(6),没食子儿茶素(7),4-羟基-2-甲氧基苯酚1-O-β-D-(6’-O-没食子酰基)葡萄糖苷(8),4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenol-β-D-[6-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxylbenzoate)]glucopyranoside(9),maesopsin-6-O-glucopyranoside(10),β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(11)。所有化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV