RNA和蛋白质合成抑制剂对番茄种子吸湿-回干抗吸胀冷害效应的影响(简报)

吸湿－回干处理明显增强低温吸胀番茄种子的超氧物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和呼吸速率,进而提高种子活力。在吸湿－回干处理的吸湿过程中加入ＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成抑制剂,虽然超氧物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性仍有增强,但种子的呼吸速率和活力显著降低。     

两种光敏化合物对斜纹夜蛾超氧物歧化酶影响的比较研究(英文)

室内测试了斜纹夜蛾Ｓｐｏｄｏｐｔｅｒａ ｌｉｔｕｒａ Ｆ． ４龄幼虫超氧物歧化酶的活性,并就α－三噻吩（α－ｔｅｒｔｈｉｅｎｙｌ）和化合物５,即１－苯基－４－（３,４－亚甲基二氧）苯基－丁二炔等两种光敏化合物对其产生的影响进行了比较研究。结果表明,近紫外光照（３００－４００ｎｍ）基本不影响对照幼虫超氧物歧化酶活体（ｉｎｖｉｖｏ）活力,但对其离休（ｉｎ ｖｉｔｒｏ）活力有抑制作用。经光敏化合物处理后,在紫外光照下,超氧物歧化酶活体活力基本不受化合物５的影响,但能被α－三噻吩抑制。离体情况下,两种化合物均促进其活力,α－三噻吩尤甚。表明无论在离体还是活体情况下,幼虫对α－三噻吩均比化合物５具有更高的光敏性。对两种光敏化合物可能的作用机理进行了探讨。     

三唑酮对黄瓜子叶抗氧化酶活力的影响

黄瓜子叶衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸－过氧化物酶（ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ）活性降低,而过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性升高。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮右明显提高ＳＯＤ,ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ,ＣＡＴ活性,抑制ＰＯＤ活性升高。膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮减轻脂氧化程度,延缓了叶片的衰老。     

螺旋藻对衰老小鼠脑功能的保护作用

目的探讨螺旋藻对衰老小鼠脑功能的作用。方法使用D-半乳糖建立小鼠衰老模型,用螺旋藻灌胃进行实验性治疗。持续6周后,检测小鼠的学习记忆能力及脑组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果与对照组相比,模型组小鼠的学习记忆能力下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,SOD活力下降、MDA含量升高;当补充螺旋藻后,实验组的学习记忆能力又不同程度的得到恢复（P〈0.05）,SOD活力升高、MDA的含量下降。结论螺旋藻对衰老小鼠的脑功能具有保护作用。     

毛地黄皂苷诱导的水稻悬浮细胞防卫基因表达的信号传导

用带水稻苯丙氨酸解氨酶ＰＡＬ２启动子和ＧＵＳ读码框嵌合基因的水稻悬浮细胞证明毛地黄皂甙能诱导水稻ＰＡＬ２的转录。ＮＡＤＰＨ、ＮＡＤＨ、过氧化氢、超氧歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、甘露醇、１,２－羟基苯－３,５－二磺酸、ｐａｒａｑｕａｔ、精氨酸、还原型和氧化型的谷胱甘肽、Ｎ－乙酰－Ｌ－半胱氨酸、二硫苏糖醇等都不影响毛地黄皂甙诱导的ＰＡＬ２转导。只有在超氧歧化酶和过氧化氢酶或超氧歧化酶和Ｔｉｒｏｎ一起时才微弱地     

植物低温保护剂对番茄幼苗抗寒力的影响

采用由我们研制的植物低温保护剂对番茄幼苗抗寒力的影响。用植物低温保护剂处理番茄幼苗,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、过氧比氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性升高,丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及电导率降低。脯氨酸、可溶性总糖和叶绿素含量增加;根和叶的ＴＴＣ还原率同步增大,电导率同步降低;抗寒力鉴定结果表明：番茄幼苗可抵抗－２℃─－５℃［－２℃（５ｈ）─－３℃（３ｈ）－─４℃（３ｈ）─－５℃（１ｈ）］长达１２小时的低温,田间结果表明,番茄幼苗可抵抗－２℃─４℃低温长达一周。     

无瓣海桑果实提取物对衰老小鼠学习 记忆能力的影响及其机制研究

无瓣海桑果实为真红树无瓣海桑的果实。研究无瓣海桑果实不同提取物对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠学习记忆能力影响及其作用机制。采用Morris水迷宫实验测量无瓣海桑果实不同提取物对小鼠的学习记忆能力影响,HE染色观察各组小鼠脑部神经细胞的变化情况,并测定脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、一氧化氮(NO)含量和单胺氧化酶(MAO)活力。结果表明:与模型组相比,无瓣海桑果实不同提取物处理组小鼠在水迷宫实验中逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P0.05),目标象限停留时间明显增加(P0.05)。无瓣海桑果实不同提取物处理组小鼠脑部神经细胞损伤与模型组相比明显减少,小鼠脑部SOD酶活力和GSH-Px酶活力提高(P0.05),NO含量和MAO活力在脑部显著降低(P0.05)。无瓣海桑果实不同提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆能力有改善作用,无瓣海桑果实不同提取物通过提高小鼠脑内源抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-Px)活力,降低脑部NO含量和MAO活力来提高D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的学习记忆能力。     

超干红花种子抗老化作用及其机理

红花种子含水量（ＭＣ）降至５％以下,能显著提高抗老化劣变能力;在同等老化条件下,对照种子（ＭＣ＝９．０１％）活力已大幅度下降,而超干种子的活力保持不变,超干处理对红花种子脱氢酶,过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）及超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性均无明显影响。经同等老化处理后,超干种子脱氢酶活性明显高于对照种子。在同等老化条件下,当对照种子ＣＡＴ和ＳＯＤ活性明显下降时,超干种子仍保持较高活性。红花种子在超干老化处理后     

氦氖激光对玉米幼苗的生理效应

用适宜剂量的Ｈｅ—Ｎｅ激光辐照萌动的玉米种子,可提高其发芽率,增加根系活力。幼苗中可溶性蛋白的含量增加,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性提高,电解质渗漏率降低。同时发现上述变化与辐照时间有关．     

莲子超氧物歧化酶的特性分析

比较了莲子、豇豆、绿豆、玉米、花生、菜心等种植物种子的胚或胚轴超的歧化酶９ＳＯＤ）的活性和热稳定性,其中莲子胚轴中ＳＯＤ活性及耐热性最高。莲子胚轴粗提液中的ＳＯＤ有Ｍｎ￣ＳＯＤ和Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ两种类型,而Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ耐高温。经１００℃处理、硫酸铵沉淀、Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００凝胶过滤和ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析,获得纯化的耐热性强的超氧物歧化酶,纯化酶对ＰＣＮ不敏感,活性受Ｈ２Ｏ２抑制,属于Ｆｅ－Ｓ     

现代化分支杆菌菌库和基因库的建立与管理

医院分支杆菌菌库和基因库的建立 ,应用了计算机管理 ,不仅使各类菌及其相关资料得到系统管理 ,也为进一步研究和临床制定治疗计划提供了可靠信息 ,是医院现代化建设不可缺少的一环。     

紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势

本文分别从生物资源,药理学,化学合成和组织培养方面对红豆杉植物中紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究工作进行了综述,从中可以了解紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势。     

四种鹭类繁殖生态生物学研究

本文对夜鹭,白鹭,黄鹭白鹭,池鹭混群在同一巢区的繁殖,种间协高及雏鸟生长进行进行了观察研究,其中黄嘴白路豫南大别山类新纪录,在此繁殖亦为首次发现。几种路在巢位,食性,取食活动和习性方面都表现出其混居同一巢地繁殖的种间协调性,符合高期假说。比较４种鹭鸟雏鸟生长过程中各生长参数。其中池鹭虽个体最小,但体重和各部位生长却对较快。     

MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF NEW SPECIES OF SCHIZAEA AND ACTINOSTACHYS

The gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Schizaea pseudodichotoma sp. nov., sporophyte and female parental gametophyte of S. diversispora hybr. nov. (S. pseudodicholoma X probably S. dichotoma), sporophyte of S. rhacoindusiata sp. nov., and gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Actinostachys macrofunda sp. nov. are described. The taxonomy of Schizaea is discussed and the system of Diels is strongly supported. The two sectional names used by Diels, Euschizaea Hook, and Lophidium Rich, are replaced by Pectinatae Prantl and Schizaea respectively. The prime morphological significance of Schizaea pseudodicholoma lies in its leafless embryo and its simple leaf differing from other species in its section, and that of Actinostachys macrofunda lies in its reduction to nearly complete heterotrophic existence and its frequent multiple annulus. Fungal hyphae have been traced from Schizaea and Actinostachys through the substratum and into root nodules of Casuarina and into roots of two other angiosperms.     

DISTRIBUTION OF AMINO ACIDS AND OF EXO- AND ENDOPEPTIDASES ALONG VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE NERVES

Abstract— The proximo-distal gradients for representative peptidases, peptidylpeptide hydrolases, and amino acids were measured in segments of peripheral nerve from invertebrates and vertebrates and in the lobster brain and ventral cord.
Crustacean nerve was characterized by a large pool of free amino acids totaling 100–200 μmoles/g wet wt. In lobster nerve, the principal free amino acid was aspartic acid which comprised 55 per cent of the free pool, whereas in the rat sciatic nerve it comprised only 5 per cent. The principal free amino acid in rat sciatic nerve was taurine (32 per cent of the pool) and in lobster brain glycine comprised 30 per cent of the pool. No consistent patterns emerged for the gradients along the nerves for amino acids and hydrolytic enzymes. In the leg nerve of the lobster, concentrations of aspartic acid and arginine were higher in the proximal region, and concentrations of proline and alanine were higher in the distal region. Concentrations of most amino acids were higher in the proximal regions of crab nerve, of lobster brain and ventral cord, and of rat sciatic nerve.
Rat sciatic nerve exhibited a pronounced proximo-distal increase in activity of aminopeptidase (Leu-Gly-Gly). In lobster leg nerve, activity of neutral proteinase was higher in the proximal segment, whereas activity of acid proteinase was higher in the distal segment. The best examples of proximo-distal gradients were found in lobster brain and ventral cord; activities of endopeptidases, arylamidases (Leu- and Arg-βNA), and aminopeptidase were higher in the supra-esophageal ganglia or cephalothorax segments than in the distal regions.     

ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLOWER AND FRUIT OF PERESKIA PITITACHE

Boke, Norman H. (U. Oklahoma, Norman.) Anatomy and development of the flower and fruit of Pereskia pititache. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50 (8): 843–858. Illus. 1963.—Flowers of P. pititache are about 6 cm in diameter and perigynous. The receptacle bears numerous broad bracts; the inner perianth segments are orange and deeply cleft; the numerous stamens develop centrifugally. The fundamentally superior gynoecium is broad and flat and consists of 10–18 connate carpels, the fertile portions of which are involute and adnate to the conical floral axis. The 8–16 ovules in each of the pocket-like locules are borne in 2 rows along the zone of adnation; placentation is axile. The short style and the style branches are lined with stigmatic tissue, which extends downward among the ovules. There is no definite stigma. The tip of the floral axis retains its meristematic characteristics beyond anthesis. In early fruit development, the rim of the floral cup grows in height, while the residual floral axis becomes a conspicuous peg-like columella. Concomitantly, the formation of numerous mucilage cells and cavities causes the ovary partitions and parts of the ovary roof to disintegrate. As a result, the seeds are contained in a single, moat-like cavity, which appears inferior. Late fruit development is characterized by the differentiation of numerous fiber sclereids in association with the extensive and complex vascular system.