中国新疆喀纳斯湖雏蝗属(直翅目,网翅蝗科)一新种记述(英文)

记述采自新疆北部喀纳斯湖地区网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus 1新种,喀纳斯雏蝗Ch.kanasensissp.nov.。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。喀纳斯雏蝗,新种Chorthippus kanasensis sp.nov.(图1～7)新种近似于恒山雏蝗Ch.henshanensis Ma,Guo et Zheng,1995,与后者的主要区别为:前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的2.0倍(♂)或2.3倍(♀);前翅略不到达后足股节端部(♂)或到达后足股节端部(♀);翅长为宽的4.0倍(♂)或5.6倍(♀);径脉域的最宽处约为亚前缘脉域宽度的1.5倍(♂);中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的1.5倍。正模♂,新疆布尔津县喀纳斯湖(48°19’N,87°02’E;海拔1374m),2005-08-08,王延峰、杨亮、张陵采。副模:1♂,3♀♀,同正模。词源:新种种名源自正模的产地。     

新疆雏蝗属短翅亚属一新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自新疆地区网翅蝗科雏蝗属 Chorthippus 短翅亚属1新种,即果子沟雏蝗 Chorthippus (Altichorthippus) guozigouensis sp. nov.。新种近似于姜氏雏蝗Ch. charpini Chang, 1939 与积石山雏蝗 Ch. jishishanensis Zheng et Xie, 2000。与后两者的主要区别为:♂头侧窝长为宽的3.00倍;♂触角短,刚不到达后足股节基部;♂前翅到达第7节腹节背板后缘,其前缘脉域宽为中脉域宽0.67倍,前后肘脉合并,肘脉域消失;♂后翅到达第7节腹节背板中部;尾须顶端到达肛上板长的一半,膝部与后足胫节端部棕色,非黑色。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

四川省雏蝗属一新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自中国四川省网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus(Altichorthippus)1新种:周氏雏蝗Chorthippus(Altichorthippus)choui sp.nov.。本新种同昌都雏蝗Chorthippus(A.)changtunensis Yin,1984近似,其区别特征为:后足股节和胫节桔红色;雄性腹部末端桔红色;前翅中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的1.2倍;本新种同西藏雏蝗Ch.(A.)tibetanus Uvarov,1935也近似,其区别特征为前胸背板侧隆线在沟前区明显,呈角状弯曲,在前横沟和后横沟之间不消失。     

新疆西部雏蝗属一新种记述（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自新疆西部网翅蝗科雏蝗属 Chorthippus 1新种,即新源雏蝗 Ch. xinyuanensis sp. nov.。新种近似于狭窝雏蝗Ch. foveatus Xia & Jin, 1982和长角雏蝗Ch. longicornis (Latreille),1804。与二者的主要区别为:前胸背板沟前区与沟后区等长;前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的1.7倍;前翅到达第6节背板中部(♂);中脉域约与肘脉域等宽(♂)。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

新疆天山地区雏蝗属一新种(直翅目,网翅蝗科)

记述采自新疆天山地区雏蝗属1新种,即天山雏蝗Chorthippus tianshanensis sp.nov.,新种近似于红胫雏蝗Chorthippus rufitibis Zheng,1989,主要区别为:1)前胸背板沟后区长为沟前区的1.1倍;2)前翅较狭长,翅长为宽的4.1倍;3)前缘脉域宽为径脉分支处宽的1.7倍;4)前缘脉域宽为亚前缘脉域宽的2.6倍;5)后足胫节黄褐色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室及山西大学生命科学与技术学院.     

新疆西北部雏蝗属一新种记述（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自新疆西北部网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus1新种,即温泉雏蝗Chorthippus wenquanensis sp. nov.。新种近似于黄胫雏蝗C. rufitibialus,与后者的主要区别为(♂):复眼纵径约为眼下沟长度的1.8-1.9倍;前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的2.0倍;后足跗节爪间中垫小,略短于爪长的一半;后足胫节基部黄褐色,非黑色;爪基部淡蓝色。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

中国新疆蝗属一新种(直翅目,蝗科,大足蝗亚科)(英文)

记述新疆蝗属1新种,黄胫新疆蝗Xinjiangacris flavitibis sp. nov.。新种近似于红胫新疆蝗Xinjiangacris rufitibisZheng,1993,但区别于后者为:前翅超过后足股节顶端;肘脉域宽为中脉域宽的3倍:后足股节下侧黄色后足胫节黄褐色。模式模本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

江苏网翅蝗科一新属一新种(直翅目:蝗总科)

记述了采自江苏泗阳县网翅蝗科1新属——苏蝗属Suacris gen.nov.及1新种——Suacris siyangensis sp.nov..该新属近似于牧草蝗属Omocestus I.Bol.,其主要区别特征为:前胸背板侧隆线微微弯曲,最宽处为最窄处的1.6～1.8倍;前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域;鼓膜器雄性宽卵形、雌性狭缝状.该新属也近似于拟草地蝗属Stenobothroides Xu et Zheng,其主要区别特征为:侧隆线明显且弯曲;雄性腹部末节无尾片;雄性下生殖板长锥形.新种模式标本保存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所.1 苏蝗属,新属Suacris gen.nov. 模式种:泗阳苏蝗Suacris siyangensis sp.nov. 正模:1♂;副模:1♀,江苏泗阳,1957-Ⅸ-16,采集者未知. 体小型.头大而短,较短于前胸背板.头侧窝明显,呈长方形.颜面向后倾斜.中单眼较小于侧单眼.触角丝状,基部触角节宽大于长,向端部触角节渐渐变狭.前胸背板中隆线明显,侧隆线在沟前区微微弯曲,其最宽处约为最窄处的1.6～1.8倍;前胸背板后缘中央钝角形.前、后翅发达,超过后股节中部,前翅顶端圆形,无凹陷,前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域.中、后胸腹板侧叶全长均明显地分开.后足股节内侧具发音齿,可与前翅纵脉磨擦发音.后足胫节缺外端刺.鼓膜器:雄性宽卵形,雌性宽缝状.     

江苏网翅蝗科—新属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

记述了采自江苏泗阳县网翅蝗科1新属－苏蝗属Suacris gen.nov.及1新种－Suacris siyan-gensis sp.nov.。该新属近似于牧草蝗属Omocestus I.Bol.，其主要区别特征为：前胸背板侧隆线微微弯曲，最宽处为最窄处的1.6-1.8倍；前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域；鼓膜器雄性宽卵形、雌性狭缝状。该新属也近似于拟草地蝗属Stenobothroides Xu et Zheng，其主要区别特征为：侧隆线明显且弯曲；雄性腹部末节无尾片；雄性下生殖板长锥形。新种模式标本保存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所。1 苏蝗属，新属Suacris gen.nov.模式种：泗阳苏蝗Suacris siyangensis sp.nov.正模：1♂；副模：1♀，江苏泗阳，1957－Ⅸ－16，采集者未知。体小型。头大而短，较短于前胸背板。头侧窝明显，呈长方形。颜面向后倾斜。中单眼较小于侧单眼。触角丝状，基部触角节宽大于长，向端部触角节渐渐变狭。前胸背板中隆线明显，侧隆线在沟前区微微弯曲，其最宽处约为最窄处的1.6-1.8倍；前胸背板后级中央钝角形。前、后翅发达，超过后股节中部，前翅顶端圆形，无凹陷，前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域。中、后胸腹板侧叶全长均明显地分开。后足股节内侧具发音齿，可与前翅纵脉磨擦发音。后足胫节缺外端刺。鼓膜器：雄性宽卵形，雌性宽缝状。     

中国蚱属一新种(直翅目,蚱总科)

报道蚱属Tetrix昆虫1新种,即吉林蚱T.jilinensis sp.nov..新种与巍山蚱T.weishanensis Zheng et Mao,2002和仿蚱T.simulans(B.-Bienko),1929近似,但有以下区别:头顶为一复眼宽1.4倍(♂),1.5倍(♀);头顶前缘弧形或近平直.颜面隆起在侧单眼处不明显凹入.触角节数(♂)14或15节,(♀)15节;触角中段一节长为宽4.9倍.后翅不到达后突末端.后足股节长为宽的(♂)2.8,(♀)2.5倍.模式标本保存在东北师范大学生命科学学院标本中心.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.