Saccharopolyspora dendranthemae sp. nov. a halotolerant endophytic actinomycete isolated from a coastal salt marsh plant in Jiangsu, China

A halotolerant actinomycete strain, designated strain KLBMP 1305^T, was isolated from a salt marsh plant Dendranthema indicum (Linn.) Des Moul collected from the coastal region of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP 1305^T is a member of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP 1305^T was most closely related to ‘Saccharopolyspora pathumthaniensis’ S582^T (99.31 %), ‘Saccharopolyspora endophytica’ YIM 61095^T (99.17 %) and Saccharopolyspora tripterygii YIM 65359^T (99.15 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Saccharopolyspora was <97.2 %. The organism had chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Saccharopolyspora such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H₄). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown lipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C_16:0, iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_17:0 and sum in feature 8 (18:1ω7c/18:1ω6c)_. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the type strain was 68.7 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness data, together with phenotypic differences, clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Saccharopolyspora dendranthemae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1305^T (=KCTC 19889^T = NBRC 108675^T).     

Lihuaxuella thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a geothermal soil sample in Tengchong, Yunnan, south-west China

A novel filamentous bacterium, designated YIM 77831^T, was isolated from a geothermal soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. Growth occurred from 28 to 65 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). The strain formed branched substrate mycelia, endospores were produced on the substrate mycelium and aerial mycelium was not produced on any of the growth media tested. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM 77831^T was affiliated with the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. The stain YIM 77831^T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. The polar lipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid and four unknown phospholipids. The only menaquinone was MK-7. Major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The G+C content was 55.6 mol%. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as genotypic data, strain YIM 77831^T represents a novel genus and species, Lihuaxuella thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. The type strain is YIM 77831^T (CCTCC AA 2011024^T = JCM 18059^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharopolyspora lacisalsi</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang,China

A novel actinomycete strain, designated TRM 40133^T, was isolated from a hypersaline habitat of Tarim basin in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. Its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed that it formed a well-seperated sub-branch within the radiation of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found between the strain TRM 40133^T and Saccharopolyspora qijiaojingensis YIM 91168^T (96.5%). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolate are typical for the genus Saccharopolyspora. It contained meso-DAP as the diagnostic diamino acid. Whole cell hydrolysate contained arabinose, xylose, ribose and glucose. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. The main menaquinone was MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₄). No mycolic acid was detected. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_16:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. In addition, the strain TRM 40133^T had a phenotypic profile that readily distinguished it from the recognized representatives of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The strain TRM 40133^T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora lacisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TRM 40133^T (=KCTC 19987^T =CCTCC AA 2010012^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytoactinopolyspora halotolerans</Emphasis> sp. nov., a halotolerant actinobacterium isolated from a saline soil in Xinjiang,northwest of China

A novel aerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile halotolerant actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 96448^T, was isolated from a saline soil sample collected from the south bank of Aiding Lake in Xinjiang Province, northwest China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 96448^T is closely related to Phytoactinopolyspora endophytica EGI 60009^T (98.0%) and Phytoactinopolyspora alkaliphila EGI 80629^T (97.0%). Optimum growth of the strain was observed at 28-37 °C, pH 7–9 and in the presence of 5–8% NaCl (w/v). The respiratory quinone of strain YIM 96448^T was determined to be MK-9(H₄). The major fatty acids (>10%) were identified as anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, anteiso-C_17:0 and summed feature 4 (iso-C_17:1 I and/or anteiso-C_17:1B). The polar lipid profile was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, three unidentified phosphoglycolipids and four unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 68.7 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain YIM 96448^T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Phytoactinopolyspora, for which the name Phytoactinopolyspora halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 96448^T (=CCTCC AB 2017055^T = KCTC 39924^T).     

Lysobacter thermophilus sp. nov., isolated from a geothermal soil sample in Tengchong, south-west China

A Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 77875^T, was isolated from a geothermal soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, south-west China. Bacterial growth occurred from 37 to 65 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0–1 % NaCl (w/v). Cells were rod-shaped and colonies were convex, circular, smooth, yellow and non-transparent. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM 77875^T belongs to the genus Lysobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain YIM 77875^T and other species of the genus Lysobacter were all below 94.7 %. The polar lipids of strain YIM 77875^T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and five unknown phospholipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the G+C content was 68.8 mol%. Major fatty acids were iso-C_16:0, iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_11:0. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genotypic data, strain YIM 77875^T represents a novel species, Lysobacter thermophilus sp. nov., in the genus Lysobacter. The type strain is YIM 77875^T (CCTCC AB 2012064^T = KCTC 32020^T).     

Thermus tengchongensis sp. nov., isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample in Tengchong, Yunnan, south-west China

A Gram-stain negative aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 77924^T, was isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. Growth was found to occur from 55 to 75 °C (optimum 65 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0–1 % NaCl (w/v). Cells were observed to be rod-shaped and the colonies convex, circular, smooth, yellow and non-transparent. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM 77924^T belongs to the genus Thermus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain YIM 77924^T and other species of the genus Thermus were all below 97 %. The polar lipids of strain YIM 77924^T were determined to be aminophospholipid, phospholipid and glycolipid. The predominant respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-8 and the G+C content was 66.64 mol%. The major fatty acids identified were iso-C_16:0, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 and C_16:0. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as genotypic data, strain YIM 77924^T is proposed to represent a novel species, Thermus tengchongensis sp. nov., in the genus Thermus. The type strain is YIM 77924^T (=KCTC 32025^T = CCTCC AB2012063^T).     

Microlunatus cavernae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Alu ancient cave, Yunnan, south-west China

A Gram-positive, coccoid, non-endospore-forming actinobacterium, designated YIM C01117^T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Alu ancient cave, Yunnan province, south-west China. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM C01117^T was shown to belong to the genus Microlunatus, with highest sequence similarity of 97.4 % to Microlunatus soli DSM 21800^T. The whole genomic DNA relatedness as shown by the DNA–DNA hybridization study between YIM C01117^T and M. soli DSM 21800^T had a low value (47 ± 2 %). Strain YIM C01117^T was determined to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid with Gly, Glu and Ala amino acids (A3γ′ type) in the cell wall. Whole-cell hydrolysates were found to contain glucose, galactose, mannose and ribose. The major polar lipids were determined to be phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant menaquinone system present is MK-9(H₄), while the major fatty acids were identified to be anteiso-C_15:0 (24.1 %), iso-C_16:0 (22.3 %) and iso-C_15:0 (11.4 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 65.9 mol%. The chemotaxonomic and genotypic data support the affiliation of the strain YIM C01117^T to the genus Microlunatus. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allow strain YIM C01117^T to be differentiated phenotypically from recognized Microlunatus species. Strain YIM C01117^T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM C01117^T (= DSM 26248^T = JCM 18536^T).     

Streptomyces calidiresistens sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring sediment

A Streptomyces-like actinomycete strain, designated as YIM 78087^T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Hehua hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The taxonomic position of strain YIM 78087^T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 78087^T belongs to the genus Streptomyces and is closely related to Streptomyces fimbriatus DSM 40942^T, Streptomyces marinus DSM 41968^T and Streptomyces qinglanensis DSM 42035^T (97.18, 97.05 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively). Combined with the low values of DNA–DNA hybridization between strain YIM 78087^T and its closest neighbours, these analyses indicated that this new isolate represents a different genomic species in the genus Streptomyces. The predominant menaquinones of strain YIM 78087^T were identified as MK-9 (H₄) and MK-9 (H₆). The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C_15:0 (28.4 %), anteiso-C_17:0 (23.0 %) and iso-C_16:0 (15.1 %). The whole-cell hydrolysates found to contain glucose, mannose and ribose. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 73.0 mol%. Based on the comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain YIM 78087^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces calidiresistens sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78087^T (=BCRC 16955^T=DSM 42108^T=JCM 19629^T).     

Mzabimyces algeriensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic filamentous actinobacterium isolated from a Saharan soil,and proposal of Mzabimycetaceae fam. nov.

Three halophilic mycelium-forming actinobacteria, strains H195^T, H150 and H151, were isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen in the Mzab region (Ghardaïa, South of Algeria) and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterisation. These strains were observed to show an aerial mycelium differentiated into coccoid spore chains and fragmented substrate mycelium. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the highest sequence similarities were to Saccharopolyspora qijiaojingensis YIM 91168^T (92.02 % to H195^T). Phylogenetic analyses showed that the strains H195^T, H150 and H151 represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage. The cell-wall hydrolysate was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the diagnostic whole-cell sugars were identified as arabinose and galactose. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, iso-C_17:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The diagnostic phospholipid detected was phosphatidylcholine and MK-9 (H₄) was found to be the predominant menaquinone. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H195^T was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic features and phylogenetic position, we propose that strain H195^T represents a novel genus and species, Mzabimyces algeriensis gen. nov., sp. nov., within a new family, Mzabimycetaceae fam. nov. The type strain of M. algeriensis is strain H195^T (=DSM 46680^T = MTCC 12101^T).     

Tenuibacillus halotolerans sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a soil sample from a salt lake in Xinjiang, China and emended description of the genus Tenuibacillus

A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM 94025^T, was isolated from a soil sample from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China. Strain YIM 94025^T was observed to grow at 25–45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0–22 % NaCl (optimum 2–10 %) and pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 8.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Tenuibacillus and exhibited sequence similarity of 98.0 % to the closest type strain, Tenuibacillus multivorans AS 1.3442^T. The predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-7; the cell-wall peptidoglycan diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid; the polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unknown lipid; and the major fatty acids were found to contain iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain YIM 94025^T are consistent with those of the genus Tenuibacillus. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness value between YIM 94025^T and T. multivorans AS 1.3442^T was 36.6 ± 4.5 %. The G+C content of the strain YIM 94025^T was determined to be 38.5 %. Based on the comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, as well as DNA–DNA hybridization results, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tenuibacillus, for which the name Tenuibacillus halotolerans sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain of YIM 94025^T (=CCTCC AB 2012860^T = KCTC 33046^T).     

Virgibacillus albus sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from Lop Nur salt lake in Xinjiang province, China

A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 93624^T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province of China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain YIM 93624^T grew at 15–45 °C (optimum 25–30 °C), 1–17% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5–10 %, w/v) and pH 4.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0). The predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-7. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 and C_16:0. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, a glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 93624^T was a member of the genus Virgibacillus and exhibited the highest similarity of 97.0 % to Virgibacillus koreensis KCTC 3823^T. However, the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YIM 93624^T and V. koreensis KCTC 3823^T was 32.5 %. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic analysis data, the isolate is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus albus sp. nov., is proposed, with type strain of YIM 93624^T (=DSM 23711^T = JCM 17364^T).     

Physiological and genomic properties of Thermus tenuipuniceus sp. nov., a novel slight reddish color member isolated from a terrestrial geothermal spring

Two closely related, thermophilic bacteria, designated strains YIM 76954^T and YIM 76947, were isolated from the Rehai Geothermal Field, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. Polyphasic approach and whole genome sequencing were used to determine the taxonomy status and genomic profiles of the novel strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two isolates were closely related to Thermus scotoductus SE-1^T (97.1% sequence similarity), and T. amyloliquefaciens YIM 77409^T (96.6%). The strains could be differentiated from most recognized Thermus species by their whitish to slight reddish colony color, distinct DNA fingerprinting profiles and low ANI values. Cells stained Gram-negative, rod-shaped of diameter 0.2–0.5 μm and length 1.5–5.0 μm. Growth occurred at 50–75 °C, pH 6.0–9.0 and in the presence of up to 1.0% (w/v) NaCl concentration. Thiosulfate was found to enhance cell growth, besides improving the intensity of its colony color. Oxygen, nitrate, sulfur, and Fe(III) could be used as terminal electron acceptors for growth. MK-8 was the major respiratory menaquinone. Major fatty acids were iso-C_17:0, iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_17:0, and anteiso-C_15:0. The genome size was 2.26 Mbp with 65.5% average GC content. A total of 2374 genes was predicted, comprising 2322 protein-coding and 52 RNA genes. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented, it is proposed that strain YIM 76954^T represents a novel species of the genus Thermus, for which the name Thermus tenuipuniceus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 76954^T (=JCM 30350^T = KCTC 4677^T).     

Saccharomonospora oceani sp. nov. isolated from marine sediments in Little Andaman, India

Two actinomycete strains, designated YIM M11168^T and YIM M11177, were isolated from marine sediment samples from Little Andaman, Indian Ocean, and their taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. The two Gram-positive, aerobic strains were observed to produce branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae but did not fragment, and no diffusible pigment was produced on the media tested. At maturity, spores were formed singly or in pairs on aerial hyphae and substrate mycelium, and occasionally the single ones were borne on long sporophores. The optimum growth was determined to occur at 28 °C, 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0–8.0. Whole-cell hydrolysates of both strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the diagnostic sugars were determined to be galactose, glucose and arabinose. Their predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-9(H₄). The polar lipids detected in the two strains were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown phosphoglycolipids. The major fatty acids (>10 %) identified were iso-C_16:0, iso-C_16:1 H, iso-C_16:0, C_17:1 ω6c for strain YIM M11168^T, iso-C_16:0 and Summed Feature 3 for strain YIM M11177. The G + C contents of the genomic DNAs of both strains were determined to be 71.4 %. DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness values (78.4 ± 3.7 %) of these two isolates supported the conclusion that they belong to the same species. Based on phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic data, it is concluded that the two isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Saccharomonospora of the family Pseudonocardiaceae. The name Saccharomonospora oceani sp. nov. (Type strain YIM M11168^T = DSM 45700^T = JCM 18128^T) is proposed for the novel species.     

Bacillus pakistanensis sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from salt mines of the Karak Area in Pakistan

A rod shaped, non-motile, endospore forming, Gram-stain positive and moderately halotolerant strain, designated as NCCP-168^T, was isolated from salt mines sampled in the Karak district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in Pakistan. To delineate its taxonomic position, the strain was subjected to polyphasic characterization. Cells of strain NCCP-168^T can grow at 10–40 ^○C (optimum at 30–35 ^○C), in a pH range of 5.0–9.0 (optimum at pH 8.0) and in 0–17 % (w/v) NaCl on agar medium. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain NCCP-168^T belongs to the genus Bacillus with the highest similarity to Bacillus seohaeanensis BH724^T (97.1 %), and less than 97 % similarity with other closely related taxa (95.6 % with B. subtilis subsp. subtilis NCIB3610^T). DNA–DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-168^T and the type strains of closely related species was lower than 30 %. Chemotaxonomic data (major menaquinone, MK-7; cell wall peptidoglycan type, A1γ [meso-diaminopimelic acid]; major fatty acids, iso-C_15:0 29.9 %, anteiso-C_15:0 29.3 %, iso-C_16:0 11.4 %, iso-C_14:0 8.9 % and anteiso-C_17:0 7.0 %; major polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine) support the affiliation of strain NCCP-168^T with genus Bacillus. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NCCP-168^T can be distinguished from the closely related taxa and thus represents a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus pakistanensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-168^T (= KCTC 13786^T = DSM 24834^T = JCM 18975^T).     

Anditalea andensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from extreme alkali–saline soil

A novel alkalophilic salt-tolerant rod-shaped bacterium, designated ANESC-S^T, was isolated from an extremely alkali–saline soil in the rural area of Anda city in northeast China. Taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach revealed that this non-motile, orange colony-forming microbe was Gram-negative and obligately aerobic. Optimal growth of strain ANESC-S^T was achieved in the presence of NaCl with a concentration range of 0.5 to 4 % and pH between 7.5 and 9.2, and at temperatures ranging from 10 to 37 °C. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences showed that of strain ANESC-S^T is most homologous to Mongoliicoccus roseus MIM28^T and Litoribacter ruber YIM CH208^T with sequence similarity of 95.1 and 93.2 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain ANESC-S^T was determined to be 39.1 mol%. The main isoprenoid quinone in ANESC-S^T was found to be menaquinone-7. The main fatty acids were found to be iso-C_15:0 (27.5 %), iso-C_17:03-OH (14.0 %), anteiso-C_15:0 (9.8 %), summed feature 9 (iso-C_17:1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C_16:0 10.6 %) and summed feature 3 (C_16:1w7c/C_16:1w6c, 9.78 %). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain ANESC-S^T is considered to represent a new genus and species classified into the order Cytophagales, for which the name Anditalea andensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ANESC-S^T (=CICC 10485^T = NCCB 100412^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Actinoplanes deserti</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil sample

A novel actinomycete, designated strain YIM CF22^T, was isolated from a desert soil sample collected from Turpan in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. The taxonomic position of the strain YIM CF22^T is described based on a polyphasic approach. Strain YIM CF22^T was found to form irregular sporangia on agar media. It contains meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The major menaquinone was identified as MK-9(H₄); the polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified glycolipids. The whole cell sugars were found to be ribose, mannose, galactose, glucose and xylose. The major cellular fatty acids were found to be (>?5%) iso-C_16:0 (43.5%), anteiso-C_17:0 (10.2%), iso-C_15:0 (7.1%), C_17:1 ω8c (6.3%) and iso H-C_16:1 (5.9%). The G+C content was determined to be 70.8%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain YIM CF22^T showed high similarity (97.0%) to Actinoplanes rishiriensis NBRC 108556^T. The strain also showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Verrucosispora sediminis CGMCC 4.3550^T (96.9%) and Micromonospora tulbaghiae DSM 45142^T (96.8%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM CF22^T clusters with A. rishiriensis NBRC 108556^T, Actinoplanes globisporus JCM 3186^T and Actinoplanes rhizophilus NEAU-A-2^T. Based on the differential phenotypic characteristics and the results of DNA–DNA relatedness and phylogenetic analysis, it is proposed that strain YIM CF22^T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM CF22^T (=?KCTC 39543^T?=?CCTCC AB2018113^T).     

Vulcaniibacterium tengchongense gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample, and reclassification of Lysobacter thermophilus Wei et al. 2012 as Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum comb. nov.

A thermotolerant Gram-staining negative and aerobic bacterium, designated strain YIM 77520^T, was isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, South-West China. Cells of the strain were found to be rod-shaped and colonies were light beige and circular. The strain was found to grow in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) total salts (optimum, 0 %), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 25–55 °C (optimum, 45 °C). The only quinone detected was Q-8 and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 66.9 mol%. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were identified as iso-C_16:0 and iso-C_15:0. The phospholipids were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and three aminophospholipids. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM 77520^T was found to form a cluster with Lysobacter thermophilus YIM 77875^T and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to L. thermophilus YIM 77875^T (96.0 %). These two strains formed a distinct lineage of the family ‘Xanthomonadaceae’. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genotypic data, a new genus, Vulcaniibacterium gen. nov. is proposed with Vulcaniibacterium tengchongense sp. nov. as the type species. The type strain of V. tengchongense sp. nov. is strain YIM 77520^T (=DSM 25623^T = CCTCC AB 2011152^T). Furthermore we propose that L. thermophilus Wei et al. 2012 is reclassified in the new genus as Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum comb. nov. (type strain YIM 77875^T = CCTCC AB 2012064^T = KCTC 32020^T) based on polyphasic data.     

Bacillus borbori sp. Nov., Isolated From an Electrochemically Active Biofilm

A Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming rod strain, designated DX-4^T, was isolated from an electrochemically active biofilm. Growth occurred at 30–65 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5) and with <6 % (w/v) NaCl. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The main respiratory quinone was MK-7, the predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, and unidentified aminophospholipid, the DNA G+C content was 38.6 mol% and the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C_15:0 (38.9 %), iso-C_17:0 (30.5 %), iso-C_16:0 (5.6 %), and anteiso-C_17:0 (5.2 %). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain DX-4^T is a member of the genus Bacillus. The results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain DX-4^T represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus borbori sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DX-4^T (= CCTCC AB2012196^T = KCTC 33103^T).     

Oceanobacillus halophilum sp. nov. Isolated from a Mangrove Forest Soil

A halophilic, aerobic bacterium, designated GD01^T, was isolated from a mangrove forest soil near the South China Sea. Cells of strain GD01^T were Gram staining positive, oxidase positive, and catalase positive. The strain was rod shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella and produced ellipsoidal endospores. The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations of 0.5–12 % (optimum 3–5 %, w/v), at temperatures of 20–50 °C (optimum 30 °C), and at pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GD01^T formed a cluster with O. profundus DSM 18246^T (96.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), O. caeni KCTC 13061^T (95.4 %), and O. oncorhynchi JCM 12661^T (94.5 %). The G+C content of strain GD01^T was 38.7 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0 (13.7 %), anteiso-C_17:0 (12.6 %), iso-C_15:0 (9.9 %), iso-C_14:0 (9.5 %), and C_16:0 (5.0 %). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, four unknown lipids, and four unknown phospholipids. Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strain was identified to represent a distinct novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, and the name proposed is Oceanobacillus halophilum sp. nov. with type train GD01^T (=CCTCC AB 2012863^T = KCTC 33101^T).