利用Cre/lox重组系统建立反义基因工程雄性不育恢复系

利用Cre/lox重组系统中的Cre重组酶能特异性识别并介导两个同向lox位点之间DNA序列发生重组删除的特点,将TA29驱动下的反义豌豆卷须肌动蛋白基因置于两个同向lox位点之间并与Bar基因连锁,转化烟草Wisconsin 38后获得抗除草剂Basta的转基因植株.将Cre基因导入烟草Wisconsin 38建立雄性不育工程恢复系.反义Actin转基因植株与Cre转基因植株杂交获得F1,通过Cre重组酶将F1中的反义肌动蛋白基因表达盒删除实现育性的恢复.结果显示:来自豌豆卷须的肌动蛋白基因在Wisconsin 38烟草绒毡层中反义表达但未能导致明显的雄性不育,转基因植株在花器官形态、花粉形状、活力、结实、结籽等方面与野生型植株间无明显的差异.而获得的烟草Cre转基因工程恢复系除少量植株出现叶片褪绿、结果少等异常外,绝大多数植株形态结构及开花结果习性与野生型一致;其中3个Cre转基因工程恢复系与Actin反义肌动蛋白转基因植株TAA-3杂交后,杂交后代中的绝大多数反义肌动蛋白基因表达盒均被精确删除,表明将Cre/lox重组系统用于建立基于反义基因工程雄性不育的恢复系是可行的.     

转豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因抗虫甘蓝植株的获得

利用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导,将豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI)基因导入甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var.capitata L.)栽培品种“京丰”和“迎春”,并分别获得了转基因再生植株。对NPTⅡ的ELISA检测表明,标记基因NPTⅡ已在再生植株中得到有效表达。对转化植株进行Southern blot分子杂交实验进一步证明CpTI基因已整合到甘蓝的基因组。实验室内的叶片离体饲虫及盆栽饲虫试验表明,转基因甘蓝对菜青虫具有一定抗性。实验中还观察到,采用愈伤组织分化途径可以获得较高的转化频率,但嵌合体较多;而直接分芽的途径转化率低,但嵌合体较少。     

通过构建三段T-DNA载体高频率获得无标记转基因大豆植株的研究

高频率获得无选择标记转基因植株有利于转基因植物的环境释放和安全性生产,农杆菌介导的共转化法是获得无标记转基因植株的方法之一。含二段T-DNA载体的共转化法已被人们成功应用,而二段以上T-DNA载体的共转化法还未见报道。基于这一目的,通过几个中间质粒构建了含有三段T-DNA的双元表达载体pNB35SVIP1,其中包含1个拷贝bar基因选择标记基因表达盒和2个拷贝VIP1目的基因表达盒。利用EHA101农杆菌菌系介导法转化大豆子叶节,经过在含3~5mg/Lglufosinate培养基上多次筛选,获得了一定数量抗性再生植株,然后对抗性再生植株进行叶片涂抹除草剂、Southernblot和Northernblot检测,共鉴定出51棵T0代转基因植株,转化频率0·83%~3·16%,二个基因的共转化频率为86·4%。在对T1代群体进行叶片涂抹除草剂检测的基础上,不抗除草剂植株进行PCR、Southernblot和Northernblot检测,共鉴定出41棵无选择标记转基因植株,无标记植株获得率为7·6%。检测结果还表明,T1代群体中22·7%的株系发生了基因丢失现象,27·3%的株系发生了bar基因沉默现象,目的基因在37·1%的无标记植株中发生了沉默现象。三段T-DNA的双元表达载体是获得无标记转基因植株的理想途径。     

通过构建三段T-DNA载体高频率获得无标记转基因大豆植株的研究

高频率获得无选择标记转基因植株有利于转基因植物的环境释放和安全性生产,农杆菌介导的共转化法是获得无标记转基因植株的方法之一。含二段T-DNA载体的共转化法已被人们成功应用,而二段以上T-DNA载体的共转化法还未见报道。基于这一目的,通过几个中间质粒构建了含有三段T-DNA的双元表达载体pNB35SVIP1,其中包含1个拷贝bar基因选择标记基因表达盒和2个拷贝VIP1目的基因表达盒。利用EHA101农杆菌菌系介导法转化大豆子叶节,经过在含3～5mg/L glufosinate培养基上多次筛选,获得了一定数量抗性再生植株,然后对抗性再生植株进行叶片涂抹除草剂、Southern blot和Northern blot检测,共鉴定出51棵T₀代转基因植株,转化频率0.83%～3.16%,二个基因的共转化频率为86.4%。在对T₁代群体进行叶片涂抹除草剂检测的基础上,不抗除草剂植株进行PCR、Southern blot和Northern blot检测,共鉴定出41棵无选择标记转基因植株,无标记植株获得率为7.6%。检测结果还表明,T₁代群体中22.7%的株系发生了基因丢失现象,27.3%的株系发生了bar基因沉默现象,目的基因在37.1%的无标记植株中发生了沉默现象。三段T-DNA的双元表达载体是获得无标记转基因植株的理想途径     

烟草MnSOD基因在保定苜蓿中的转化

通过农杆菌介导的转基因方法 ,将烟草MnSOD基因的cDNA序列导入保定苜蓿中 ,成功地诱导了转基因植株的再生。转基因植株生长和发育良好 ,NPTⅡ基因和MnSOD基因的PCR检测和Southern杂交表明MnSOD基因已经导入到保定苜蓿的再生植株中 ,MnSOD活性检测表明部分转基因植株的MnSOD活性显著高于对照植株     

利用FLP/frt重组系统产生无选择标记的转基因烟草植株

在植物转基因植株产生过程中,对转化细胞进行抗性筛选是通用程序,转化细胞的抗性一般是抗生素抗性或除草剂抗性,将赋予转化细胞抗性的选择标记基因删除是提高转基因植物生物安全性的重要措施。来自于啤酒酵母的FLP/frt位点特异性重组系统可有效删除同向定点重组位点frt之间的基因。通过多步骤重组,建立了可在植物中广泛应用的FLP/frt位点特异性重组系统。该系统包括含有frt位点的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1300-betA-frt-als-frt和含有由热诱导启动子hsp启动的FLP重组酶基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1300-hsp-FLP-hpt。利用二次转化的方式将二者先后转入烟草植株,热激处理后,热诱导型启动子hsp调控的重组酶FLP基因的表达催化位于选择标记基因als两侧同向frt位点间的重组反应,有效地删除了选择标记基因als。41%的经热激处理的二次转化植株发生了选择标记基因的删除,表明该系统在获得无选择标记基因的转基因植株中有很好的应用价值。     

根癌农杆菌介导Bt基因转化水稻的研究

为了培育出无筛选标记基因的转基因水稻,试验将loxp-hpt-loxp基因与成基因连锁在-起转化水稻方法,得到loxp-hpt—loxp—Bt转基因水稻植株,再与同质的带有ere基因的水稻杂交,以定向删除潮霉素抗性筛选标记。试验表明以水稻品种“皖粳97”为供试材料,将成熟胚来源的愈伤组织用根癌农杆菌EHA105／pCAMBIA1305．1感染后,筛选出抗性愈伤组织并获得再生植株。经PCR验证,得到20棵转基因水稻植株。     

枸杞转基因植株的再生

本文报道一个快速简便的枸杞转化再生系统。宁夏枸杞的幼茎外植体,能被含非致瘤性Ti质粒载体的根癌农杆菌感染。在该载体双向启动子的一端连有一个npt—Ⅱ基因(新霉素磷。酸转移酶Ⅱ基因)以供选择卡那霉素抗性的转化植物细胞。把选择诱导培养基上形成的愈伤组织转到选择分化培养基后能很快分化出芽点,继而长成完整的小植株。对再生植株的NPT—Ⅱ酶活性检测及DNA分子杂交表明;外源基因已整合到枸杞细胞的核基因组上,并能在植株水平表达出相应的性状。     

电击法诱导的欧白英原生质体转化和转化植株再生

本研究使用电击法成功地将带有标记基因NPTⅡ的质粒pCaMVNEO转入欧白英的原生质体,并获得了再生转化植株。通过用pDW2质粒进行的CAT基因短暂表达研究,确定了欧白英原生质体转化的电击条件为：电容30nF、电场强度l 500V／cm、时间衰变常数59．4微秒;质粒DNA浓度为20μg／2×10⁶原生质体。在以上条件下,欧白英原生质体的相对转化率为12．4％,绝对转化率为2.4×10^-4在大多数抗性愈伤组织和从抗性愈伤组织再生的植株中检测到新霉素磷酸转移酶活性。分子杂交结果也证明了在转化植株中存在NPTⅡ基因序列,而未转化的对照植株则没有。     

基因枪法和农杆菌介导法对水稻转基因拷贝数的基因重排概率的影响

基因枪法和农杆菌介导法转化的外源DNA整合到植物梁色上是随机进行的,因此,它们可能会产生不同的转基因拷贝数,得到不同的基因表达盒完整率,这反过来会影响基因的表达,为证实这一假说,作首先将同一质粒pAcPG-CAM分别用基因枪法和农杆菌介导法转化到水稻（Oryza sativa L.cv.TNG67)愈伤组织,为了揭示不同质粒是否也出现类似结果,也用农杆菌介导法,基因枪法分别将pTOK233和pJPM44导入水稻愈伤组织,并获得一批转基因植株,Ｒ０代值转基因表达的分析用ＧＵＳ组织化学染色法,用质粒上的单切点酶酶切基因组DNA后的Southern杂交结果确定转基因拷贝数,总DNA髟双切点酶（分别位于表达盒两侧）酶切后的Southern杂交结果确定了完整转基因表达盒数目,结果表明,农杆菌介导转化法的转基因植株的转基因拷贝数相对少一些（平均为2．1和2．3）,而基因枪法转化产生的转基因植株的转基因撬贝数相对多一些（平均为4．2和5．6）,并且农杆菌介导转化法的转基因植株的基因表达盒DNA重排概率低于由基因枪法转化产生的转基因植株的基因表达盒DNA重排概率－农杆菌介导转化法的DNA重排概率为0．07和0．106,由基因枪法转化的DNA重排概率为0．57和0．66。研究还分析了基因表达情况与转基因的拷贝数或完整表达盒数之间的关系,GUS定量分析结果表明,为了准确揭示转基因的表达情况与转基因之间的关系,用完整基因表达盒数而不是转基因DNA拷贝数更准确,并于用不同转基因方法将同种质粒导入植物体分析基因表达盒DNA重排概率为首次报道。     

Cre/<Emphasis Type="Italic">lox</Emphasis> system to develop selectable marker free transgenic tobacco plants conferring resistance against sap sucking homopteran insect

A binary expression vector was constructed containing the insecticidal gene Allium sativum leaf agglutinin (ASAL), and a selectable nptII marker gene cassette, flanked by lox sites. Similarly, another binary vector was developed with the chimeric cre gene construct. Transformed tobacco plants were generated with these two independent vectors. Each of the T(0) lox plants was crossed with T(0) Cre plants. PCR analyses followed by the sequencing of the target T-DNA part of the hybrid T(1) plants demonstrated the excision of the nptII gene in highly precised manner in certain percentage of the T(1) hybrid lines. The frequency of such marker gene excision was calculated to be 19.2% in the hybrids. Marker free plants were able to express ASAL efficiently and reduce the survivability of Myzus persiceae, the deadly pest of tobacco significantly, compared to the control tobacco plants. Results of PCR and Southern blot analyses of some of the T(2) plants detected the absence of cre as well as nptII genes. Thus, the crossing strategy involving Cre/lox system for the excision of marker genes appears to be very effective and easy to execute. Documentation of such marker excision phenomenon in the transgenic plants expressing the important insecticidal protein for the first time has a great significance from agricultural and biotechnological points of view.     

一种新的用于删除选择标记基因的Cre/lox系统

设计了一种新的诱导型Cre/lox系统,并在转基因烟草(Nicotianatabacum L.)中进行了验证.在诱导剂的作用下,位于同向lox位点之间的选择标记基因(hpt)和重组酶基因(Cre)在烟草愈伤组织中被删除.在该系统中,Cre基因在玉米乙酰苯胺类化合物诱导启动子(In5-2)的控制下表达.对转基因后代的分子检测结果表明,不论是否加入了诱导剂,目的基因(gus)均被整合到烟草基因组中;在诱导剂处理的48株转基因烟草To代中,45株的hpt基因被删除了.该系统只使用一个载体,克服了二次转化系统带来的问题.     

一种新的用于删除选择标记基因的Cre／lox系统

设计了一种新的诱导型Cre/lox系统,并在转基因烟草(NicotianatabacumL.)中进行了验证。在诱导剂的作用下,位于同向lox位点之间的选择标记基因(hpt)和重组酶基因(Cre)在烟草愈伤组织中被删除。在该系统中,Cre基因在玉米乙酰苯胺类化合物诱导启动子(In5-2)的控制下表达。对转基因后代的分子检测结果表明,不论是否加入了诱导剂,目的基因(gus)均被整合到烟草基因组中;在诱导剂处理的48株转基因烟草T0代中,45株的hpt基因被删除了。该系统只使用一个载体,克服了二次转化系统带来的问题。     

用绿色荧光蛋白监测转基因植物中选择标记基因的消除

绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)可直接进行活体观察,它的这个优点可被用于监测转基因植物中选择标记基因的消除。为此,构建了植物表达载体pGNG,将绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)和卡那霉素抗性基因表达盒(NosP-nptll-NosT)一起克隆在两个同向的lox位点间,在第一个lox位点上游置有CaMV 35S启动子以驱动GFP表达,第二个lox位点下游置有不含启动子的大肠杆菌β-葡萄糖醛酸酶(GUS)基因。首先在含卡那霉素(Kan)的培养基上筛选出转pGNG的烟草,借助绿色荧光可容易地检出表达GFP的转化体。然后用另一转化载体pCambia1300Cre二次转化表达GFP的转基因植物,利用另一选择标记基因潮霉素抗性基因(hpt)进行筛选,在获得的再生植株中,Cre重组酶的表达消除了转化体中两lox位点间的gfp和nptll。实验结果表明可借助GFP荧光的消失,快速选出nptII被消除的二次转化体,同时GUS(作为目的蛋白) 在CaMV 35S启动子驱动下获得表达。最后利用后代的分离将hpt和cre除去。     

Ssp DnaE split-intein mediated split-Cre reconstitution in tobacco

The Cre/loxP system is increasingly exploited for spatial and temporal gene activation or inactivation. In this study, a novel approach for gene activation using a Cre/loxp system in tobacco is described. As the DnaE intein in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is capable of catalyzing a protein trans-splicing reaction to assemble a mature protein from two separate precursors, the N- and C-terminal ends of the Cre enzyme, split between Gly190 and Gly191, were fused to N- and C-terminals of the Ssp DnaE split intein,respectively. Subsequently, in-frame fusions of NCre/NInt and CInt/CCre are assembled into the pCAMBIA1300 cloning vector, and used for co-expression, along with the BAR selectable marker gene for BASTA herbicide resistance in tobacco. A Cre-dependent excision recombination event is monitored when tobacco leaf explants are screened for resistance to Basta, but along with absence of beta-glucuronidase activity. Based on herbicide resistance, an efficient recombination event is observed, in vivo Bar activation following co-expression of NCre/NInt and CInt/CCre fusion genes in pCAGUS/BAR transgenic lines. Moreover, the recombination efficiency is comparable to that of intact Cre gene expression. However, no Cre recombination event is observed when only the NCre and CCre genes or the NCre/NInt fusion gene and the CCre genes are co-expressed. Thus, the Ssp DnaE split intein-mediated Cre activity reconstitution observed in this study provides an alternative approach for the traditional Cre/loxP system, and this may aid in achieving dynamic regulation of gene expression in transgenic plants.     

利用Cre/loxP系统删除转Bt基因水稻中的选择标记基因

来源于噬菌体P1的Cre/loxP位点特异性重组系统是目前在植物遗传转化中应用较多,较成熟的一个标记基因删除系统。在这个系统中,Cre酶可以特异性的识别和切割位于两个lox位点之间的标记基因,整个系统重组仅需Cre和lox识别位点即可完成而无需其它辅因子的参加。利用农杆菌介导法成功地将cre基因导入供试材料"皖粳97",得到转hpt-cre基因水稻植株;将其与先期转基因育成的携带loxp-hpt-loxp-bt基因的"皖粳97"株系进行田间杂交,通过PCR分析,Cre/loxP重组系统定向删除了潮霉素抗性筛选标记基因。     

Removal of the Selectable Marker Gene from Transgenic Tobacco Plants by Expression of Cre Recombinase from a Tobacco Mosaic Virus Vector through Agroinfection

Selection markers are often indispensable during the process of plant transformation, but dispensable once transgenic plants have been established. The Cre/lox site-specific recombination system has been employed to eliminate selectable marker genes from transgenic plants. Here we describe the use of a movement function-improved Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) vector, m30B, to express Cre recombinase for elimination of the selectable marker gene nptII from transgenic tobacco plants. The transgenic tobacco plants were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a specially designed binary vector pGNG which contained in its T-DNA region a sequence complex of 35S promoter-lox-the gfp coding sequence-rbcS terminator-Nos promoter-nptII-Nos terminator-lox-the gus coding region-Nos terminator. The expression of the recombinant viral vector m30B:Cre in plant cells was achieved by placing the viral vector under the control of the 35S promoter and through agroinoculation. After co-cultivating the pGNG-leaf discs with agro35S-m30B:Cre followed by shoot regeneration without any selection, plants devoid of the lox-flanked sequences including nptII were obtained with an efficiency of about 34% as revealed by histochemical GUS assay of the regenerants. Three of 11 GUS expressing regenerants, derived from two independent transgenic lines containing single copy of the pGNG T-DNA, proved to be free of the lox-flanked sequences by Southern blot analysis. Excision of the lox-flanked sequences in the three plants could be attributed to transient expression of Cre from the viral vector at the early stage of co-cultivation, since the cre sequence could not be detected in the viral RNA molecules accumulated in the plants, nor in their genomic DNA. The parental marker-free genotype was inherited in their selfed progeny, and all of the progeny were virus-free, apparently because TMV is not seed-transmissible. Therefore, expression of Cre from a TMV-based vector could be used to eliminate selectable marker genes from transgenic tobacco plants without sexual crossing and segregation, and this strategy could be extended to other TMV-infected plant species and applicable to other compatible virus–host plant systems.     

Combining a regeneration-promoting <Emphasis Type="Italic">ipt</Emphasis> gene and site-specific recombination allows a more efficient apricot transformation and the elimination of marker genes

The presence of marker genes conferring antibiotic resistance in transgenic plants represents a serious obstacle for their public acceptance and future commercialization. In addition, their elimination may allow gene stacking by the same selection strategy. In apricot, selection using the selectable marker gene nptII, that confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, is relatively effective. An attractive alternative is offered by the MAT system (multi-auto-transformation), which combines the ipt gene for positive selection with the recombinase system R/RS for removal of marker genes from transgenic cells after transformation. Transformation with an MAT vector has been attempted in the apricot cultivar ‘Helena’. Regeneration from infected leaves with Agrobacterium harboring a plasmid containing the ipt gene was significantly higher than that from non-transformed controls in a non-selective medium. In addition, transformation efficiencies were much higher than those previously reported using antibiotic selection, probably due to the integration of the regeneration-promoting ipt gene. However, the lack of an ipt expression-induced differential phenotype in apricot made difficult in detecting the marker genes excision and plants had to be evaluated at different times. PCR analysis showed that cassette excision start occurring after 6 months approximately and 1 year in culture was necessary for complete elimination of the cassette in all the transgenic lines. Excision was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. We report here for the first time in a temperate fruit tree that the MAT vector system improves regeneration and transformation efficiency and would allow complete elimination of marker genes from transgenic apricot plants by site-specific recombination.