深圳湾大弹涂鱼种群结构与生殖特征

本文探讨了深圳湾大弹涂鱼种群结构和生殖特征。结果表明：该种群以１、２龄鱼组成为主,３龄鱼极少,表明种群结构简单,体长与体重的相关曲线方程为Ｗ＝４．１６１８×１０－５Ｌ２．７４５１（ｒ＝０．９５７６）。雌雄性比为３：２。一龄鱼开始性成熟。雌鱼性成熟最小生物学体长为６２ｍｍ,雄鱼为５９ｍｍ。个体绝对生殖力波动于１９５６—１４０５３粒,平均７２９３粒;个体相对生殖力Ｆ／Ｌ：２９．５—１００．５粒／ｍｍ,平均７９粒／ｍｍ;Ｆ／Ｗ：５１１．０—８０４．９粒／ｇ,平均７５２粒／ｇ。４—６月为繁殖盛期,７—８月为繁殖末期。雌性周年月平均成熟系数（ＧＳＩ）变动范围为０．２７％—４．３６％。大弹涂鱼在一个生殖季节中只能产卵一次,属于一次性排卵类型。     

瓣结鱼的年龄和生长的研究

瓣结鱼全年均可形成新轮,新轮出现高峰期为４月。其生长特点是属于均匀生长类型,体长与鳞长呈直线关系,体长和体重指数关系,回归求得Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆ个体生长方程参数Ｌ∞,Ｗ∞,Ｋ,Ｔ０分别为７０,４３,５９６１．５０,０．２２３１,０．０２２４,体重生长拐点年龄为４．９５龄,该拐点体重为１７６８．２３ｇ,瓣结鱼第１,２龄生长较为迅速。     

青蛤生长的初步研究

本文报导了对青蛤生长的观察和研究，作者描述了青蛤壳长与壳高的关系；壳长和体重的关系；体重（Ｗ·ｇ）和壳长（Ｌ·ｃｍ）的关系式为Ｗ＝０．２８１６×Ｌ￣（３．０６２）；青蛤生长７—１１月快，１—３月几乎不生长；青蛤生长与潮位关系是低潮位快，高潮位慢。此外还研究了水流、底质、放养密度和个体大小等因子对青蛤生长的影响。     

岷江切尾拟鲿的年龄结构与生长特征

以2012年11—12月和2013年4—5月在长江上游岷江河口区域采集的436尾切尾拟鲿(Pseudobagrus truncatus)为研究对象,以耳石为年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:调查样本由1~6龄组成,以2~3龄鱼为主,占统计总量的81.82%;切尾拟鲿随着年龄的增长,雌鱼和雄鱼之间的体重、体长差异逐渐明显,体重与体长呈幂函数关系,雌、雄鱼体长与体重的关系式分别为:W♀=2×10-4L2.3822(n=193,R2=0.904,P0.01),W♂=2×10-4L2.4322(n=225,R2=0.884,P0.01),表明雌、雄鱼均属于异速生长型。选用Gompertz生长方程拟合其生长,雌、雄鱼体长生长方程分别为:♀:Lt=785.78e-1.36e-0.59 t,♂:Lt=926.35e-1.84e-0.42 t;雌、雄鱼体重生长方程分别为:♀:Wt=438.62 e-5.61e-0.45 t,♂:Wt=559.64e-5.49e-0.41 t。雌、雄鱼体长生长的拐点年龄分别为4.18龄和4.75龄,体重生长的拐点年龄分别为3.09龄和2.21龄。研究区的切尾拟鲿显现出低龄化和小型化趋势;为可持续开发利用,建议捕捞规格限制在100 mm(10 g)以上。     

福建东山岛海域斑鰶生态的研究

本文研究了福建东山岛附近海域斑生物量、密度的分布及其季节变化;生长和死亡特点;摄食和生殖习性。其平均月生物量为２２２．１ｋｇ／ｋｍ２,占游泳生物月总生物量的２７．２２％,成为优势种;生物量和密度冬季最高,分别为５２４．９ｋｇ／ｋｍ２和９３３２尾／ｋｍ２,比最低的春季高２２．７７倍和８６．２１倍。分布区域性差异明显,东山湾内高达４３８．２ｋｇ／ｋｍ２和７４０５尾／ｋｍ２,比湾外高７７．７１倍和６８．３８倍;渔获由０～Ⅳ龄组构成,ｌ龄组为优势,叉长分布范围为１１１～２２３ｍｍ,以１４１～１６０ｍｍ组为优势;食料以硅藻类的菱形藻、海线藻、圆筛藻、直链藻和骨条藻的数量最多,并大量摄食有机碎屑;初次性成熟的最小年龄为１龄．最小叉长雌性为１４６ｍｍ,雄性１４０ｍｍ。雌雄性均在１５１～１７０ｍｍ组成熟,生殖期在冬季至初春;生长参数为Ｌ∞＝２４６．３７ｍｍ,Ｗ∞＝１８２．６５ｇ,ｋ＝０．４３０３,ｔｏ＝－０．８６４９,体重生长拐点年龄人ｔｒ＝１．６０１７龄;瞬时总死亡率为１．２０１６。关键词     

鲥鱼的驯养与生物学研究Ⅱ.池养鲥鱼的生长特性及其与温度的关系

研究了池养鲥鱼生长特征,结果表明,其生长速度随季节和水温而变化,以９月中旬至１１月中旬和５月中旬至７月中旬生长较快,适宜生长水温为２５－３０℃。应用ＶｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ方程求得体长、体重生长方程Ｌｔ＝５１８．９５〔１－ｅ＾－０．３７５１（５－０．８７６３）〕,Ｗｔ＝２２０５．５〔１－ｅ＾－０．３７５１（ｔ－０．８７６３）〕＾３,体重生长拐点位于２．８０５３处,属性成熟拐点,其生长速度和加速     

夜鹭繁殖习性与生长发育研究

１９９４～１９９８年对夜鹭繁殖习性与生长发育进行了研究。夜鹭于４月中下旬迁到浙江,９月下旬、１０月初迁离,居留期１６５天。巢距地高８．５１ｍ。平均窝卵３．４９枚,孵卵期２２～２６天,育雏期３０～３５天。年繁殖力３．５０只。雏鸟体重生长模型为：Ｗｔ＝５６０１＋ｅ＾－０．２３１（ｔ－１２）（Ｒ＾２＝０．９９）;体长、体重关系式为：Ｗ＝０．０００２４６Ｌ＾２．５０２９。雏鸟体温发育分为３个时期：     

白鲟年龄鉴定及其生长的初步研究

以齿骨和胸鳍条为年龄鉴定材料,通过其骨磨片比较研究,结果显示用胸鳍条鉴定白鲟的年龄较为可靠。所收集的６６尾白鲟样品中,根据胸鳍条鉴定年龄,幼鲟８尾,１－３龄。成鱼５８尾中,雄鱼３３尾,最低６龄,最高１１龄,多数个体为８－９龄。雌鱼２５尾,最低７龄,最高１７龄,多数为１０－１２。白鲟生长速度快,特别在第一年其长度生长最为突出。当年１０月份的幼鱼全长达５３－６１ｃｍ,１龄鱼平均全长７５ｃｍ。推算结果表明雌雄鱼在性成熟前生长无明显差异,性成熟后,雌鱼的长度及重量均大于相同年龄雄鱼。采用ＶＢＧＦ描述白鲟全长及体重的增长。     

南方鲇的繁殖生物学研究：繁殖时间,产卵条件和产卵行为

南方鲇的雌鱼３－４龄性达成熟,雄鱼２—３龄性达成熟;在此期间,同龄组中已成熟个体的体长、体重、肥满度和成熟系数的平均值均大于未成熟个体。繁殖期为３月中旬至５月中旬,其间,嘉陵江平均水温为１５—２４℃。雌鱼的性腺在６－８月由Ⅵ期退化至Ⅱ期,９至１１月经Ⅲ期发育至Ⅵ期,１２月至来年２月以Ⅳ期性腺状况越冬。雌、雄鱼成熟系数周年曲线均为单峰型,该种鱼为单批产卵类型。产卵场为流水卵石浅滩,水深０．４－１．５ｍ,流速每秒０．７ｍ左右。产卵前雌雄亲鱼有相互激烈追逐、咬斗的发情行为．     

普陀及宁波滩涂弧边招潮蟹生物学特性的研究

本文报告了浙江普陀及宁波沿海滩涂弧边招潮蟹生物学特性的研究结果。雄蟹的螯足大小相差悬殊，大螯重占体重的３５．８９％，大螯重、体重关系式为ｇ＝０．４３１４Ｗ－０．７７０８，体重，甲壳宽关系式为Ｗ♀＝０．２３９７ｄ＾３．３０８９，Ｗ♂＝０．１９５３ｄ＾３．５８８６。弧边招潮蟹群体主要由甲壳宽为１．８－２．８ｃｍ个体组成，占８４．４８％。洞穴为单洞口型，平均栖息密度为１３只／ｍ＾２。摄食有机碎屑、底栖硅     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.