黑龙江省熊类资源现状及其保护对策

黑龙江省现分布有 2种熊 ,棕熊 (Ursusarctoslasiotus)和黑熊 (Selenarctosthibetanusussuricus)。棕熊广泛分布于全省各个林区 ;黑熊在大兴安岭无分布 ,仅分布于小兴安岭和东部山地的张广才岭、老爷岭和完达山林区 ,其分布北界为北纬 48～ 49°,东经 1 2 8～ 1 2 9°附近。 2种熊的总分布区虽无明显变化 ,但集中分布区明显向大兴安岭、小兴安岭、东部山地的腹地退缩。 1 996～ 2 0 0 0年全省棕熊的分布数量为 (63 1±1 43 )头 (n =463 9) ,种群密度为 (0 0 0 2 2± 0 0 0 0 5 )头 km2 ;黑熊的分布数量为 (1 1 1 0± 2 93 )头 (n =463 9) ,种群密度为 (0 0 0 65± 0 0 0 1 7)头 km2 。全省森工国有林区熊类分布数量 (1 1 71± 2 98)头 (n =61 2 ) ,与1 992年该林区熊类调查结果 (3 0 5 7± 73 0头 ;n =2 1 3 6)相比较 ,全林区 6年间熊类数量减少了 1 886头 ,减少率达 61 7% ,年递减率为 1 6%。熊类资源呈锐减趋势。其主要原因为 :(1 )森林长期超量采伐引起熊类栖息生境总体质量下降 ;(2 )人类活动导致熊类栖息地片断化日趋严重 ;(3 )人为捕杀是造成熊类数量减少的直接原因。最后 ,提出了今后全省熊类保护管理的 5点建议。     

中国兽类之种数

解放前,我国兽类学(现生兽类〕研究,基本上处于空白状态。建国30余年来,党和政府重视科研工作,各科研所和高等院校等单位的动物学工作者,对我国各地进行了广泛地兽类考察,先后发表了数百篇文章,报道了我国兽类的新纪录,许多新种、新亚种,以及新属的建立。为兽类学的深入研究和保护防治工作提供了条件,并为编写《中国动物志》兽类部份打下了良好的基础。     

二十年来我国兽类学研究的进展与展望：Ⅱ．形态分类、动物地理、古兽类学

1　分类、区系研究进展2 0年来 ,我国兽类分类和区系研究取得了较大的发展 ,主要表现在以下几个方面 :1 1　生物多样性保护已成为国家必须履行的国际义务 ,生物多样性保护的第一个层次就是物种多样性 ,而物种多样性是建立在分类区系研究的基础上。这要求加强有关兽类分类和区系的研究工作。1 2　国家科技部、基金委和中科院一贯重视并支持《三志》 (即《中国动物志》、《中国植物志》和《中国孢子植物志》)的编撰工作。 2 0多年来投入数千万元的编撰、出版费 ,组织全国 80 0余位分类学家参加编撰工作。除了国家拨专款支持外 ,1 999年中国…     

《宜春地区野生动物-鸟类、兽类》一书评介

《宜春地区野生动物──鸟类·兽类》一书介评由岳惠群、戴年华等编著的《宜春地区野生动物──鸟类·兽类》一书，于１９９６年１月由江西高校出版社出版并发行。全书分总论、各论和附录三部分。总论概述了研究历史、自然概况、区系特点、动物生态地理分布、资源评价及合...     

四川海子山自然保护区兽类资源调查初报

2003~2005年对四川海子山自然保护区兽类资源进行了3次野外调查,结合历史文献确认保护区有兽类64种。其中东洋界种类有32种,古北界种类30种,广布种2种。保护区兽类有11种分布型,有国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物6种,Ⅱ级保护动物20种。有我国特有或主要分布于我国的兽类31种。保护区兽类的特点是大型兽类如白唇鹿、水鹿、林麝、马麝、黑熊、马熊等资源非常丰富,种群数量大、密度高,具有很高的保护价值;小型兽类资源丰富,有较多的珍稀物种。     

《中国动物志·昆虫纲第十七卷·等翅目》出版

《中国动物志·昆虫纲第十七卷·等翅目》已由科学出版社出版。该书为国家自然科学基金重大项目 ,亦为中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目。到目前为止 ,它是中国等翅目 (白蚁 )在分类研究及综合治理方面较全面的专著之一。我国地处亚洲东部 ,位于古北区和东洋区两大动物地理区内。地域广袤 ,地貌复杂 ,植被多样 ,从而构成等翅目昆虫种群地理分布的特殊性和类群的多样性。《中国动物志·昆虫纲第十七卷·等翅目》集中反映了这一特点。本书包括总论和各论两大部份。总论中概述了白蚁的形态结构、生物学特性、地理分布、演化和分类系统。运用板块…     

《四川资源动物志第2卷——兽类》评介

1984年12月由四川科技出版社出版的《四川资源动物志第2卷--兽类》(365页,48.8万字,图版34幅)是一部较好的兽类学著作,特作介绍如下: 该书由胡锦矗、王酉之主编,参加编写的有11位兽类工作者。四川省是天府之国,地处我国西南部,地形与生境复杂多样,动物资源十分丰富,其中兽类几乎占全国兽类种数的45%,资源兽类和珍稀动物之多居全国前位。     

《安徽兽类志》简介

近年来,动物志的编著受到地方重视。以兽类志而言,继四川、辽宁、浙江等省之后,安徽科学技术出版社又出版了《安徽兽类志》。这些著作为全国志的编著提供了资料,奠定了基础,是很有意义的。 该书由王岐山教授主编,组织了安徽省兽类学工作者的主要力量,分工负责,各尽所长。全书分总论、各论、附录3部分。总论记述了研究简史、自然概况、区系特征、分布规律以及保护利用等;各论逐种记述了兽类96种,分述其形态、分类、生态和经济意义等;附录介绍了兽类的饲养管理,毛皮的加工和鼠害防治。     

第二届东亚熊类学术讨论会介绍

第二届东亚熊类学术讨论会由日本熊类研究会和中国兽类学会熊类专家组联合发起,东北林业大学主办,于1991年8月4—8日在哈尔滨市举行。参加这次学术讨论会的国家除中国外,还有日本、美国、南朝鲜以及世界野生动物基金会(WWF)的代表,共86人。会议收到研究论文116篇,其中,保护和生态44篇,生化和形态15篇,驯养和利用31篇,疾病防治12篇,另外,有关大熊猫的研究报告14篇。较全面地反映了目前熊类研究、保护和开发利用的现状。     

《浙江动物志,兽类》评介

由杭州大学生物系诸葛阳教授主编的《浙江动物志、兽类》已由浙江科学技术出版社于1989年11月出版,我国又有一本地方兽类志问世,值得欢迎。 浙江省共有兽类99种,从实际资料和应用出发,本书记述了92种,隶属于10目30科60     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various