水稻幼苗根对羧基化多壁碳纳米管复合镉胁迫的生长生理响应

为了探究羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)复合镉(Cd)胁迫对植物生长生理的影响,采用液体培养方法,以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)为受试作物,测定了0～12.0 mg·L~(-1)MWCNTs-COOH、10μmol·L~(-1)Cd单一和复合处理水稻幼苗21天后根生长、氧化损伤、抗氧化酶活性及根中Cd含量的变化。结果表明:(1)MWCNTs-COOH单一处理,根长、根鲜重均低于对照,并表现出先升高后降低的趋势,当其浓度达到12.0 mg·L~(-1)时,较对照分别下降了9.3%和15.2%,且低于10μmol·L~(-1)Cd单一处理;而复合处理组水稻幼苗根长、根鲜重、干重皆低于对应的单一处理;(2)MWCNTs-COOH单一胁迫下,水稻根的超氧自由基(O_2~(-·))明显积累,并伴随着超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,3.0和6.0mg·L~(-1)MWCNTs-COOH处理下,SOD、POD活性最高;(3)MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd胁迫下,水稻根的SOD、POD活性大均低于单一处理组,而丙二醛(MDA)及羰基化蛋白含量均显著高于单一处理;(4)MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd后,水稻幼苗根尖细胞死亡加剧,其中,10μmol·L~(-1)Cd与12.0 mg·L~(-1)MWCNTs-COOH复合处理的根尖根冠区细胞伊文斯蓝染色最深;(5)1.5～6.0 mg·L~(-1)MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd处理水稻幼苗后,其根中Cd含量呈上升趋势,且在6.0 mg·L~(-1)浓度处理时达到最大值303.30μg·g~(-1);高浓度MWCNTs-COOH及其与Cd的复合均对水稻根产生毒性效应。     

过氧化氢对镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发的缓解效应

为了探讨外源H_2O_2对镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发受抑的缓解作用,以水稻品种‘中优169’为材料,通过培养皿滤纸发芽法,研究不同浓度H_2O_2对200μmol·L~(-1)镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发、幼苗生长及相关生理指标的影响。结果表明,在200μmol·L~(-1)镉胁迫下,水稻种子的萌发和幼苗生长表现出明显的抑制现象,发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗的根长、芽长和可溶性蛋白含量均显著降低,MDA含量显著增加,POD活性上升,SOD、APX及CAT的活性显著受到抑制。较低浓度(≤10μmol·L~(-1))H_2O_2处理能不同程度地增加幼苗的根长、芽长、根鲜重和芽鲜重,提高镉胁迫下水稻种子的发芽指数和活力指数,增强SOD、POD和APX活性并降低MDA含量,从而缓解镉的毒害效应。其中5μmol·L~(-1) H_2O_2浸种处理对镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的缓解作用最好。高H_2O_2浓度对镉胁迫的缓解作用逐渐减弱,当H_2O_2浓度达到50μmol·L~(-1)时,会加重镉胁迫的毒性。表明适宜浓度的H_2O_2可以提高水稻幼苗抗氧化能力,缓解镉胁迫伤害。     

水杨酸对锌胁迫下小麦幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应

以小麦品种‘新麦18’为材料,采用室内水培实验研究了不同浓度水杨酸(SA)处理对300 mg.L-1锌胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在Zn2+胁迫下,小麦种子的发芽势和发芽率、幼苗根长、芽长以及幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量、根系活力显著降低,而脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加(P<0.05);外施SA显著提高了Zn2+胁迫下小麦种子的发芽势和发芽率,同时也使Zn2+胁迫7 d后的小麦幼苗的根长、芽长,幼苗叶片的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量以及根系活力显著升高,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量却显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,外施SA可通过提高小麦幼苗根长和芽长来增加幼苗根系活力,通过提高小麦幼苗可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量来维持细胞膜的稳定性,降低膜脂过氧化伤害程度,从而缓解了Zn2+胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制,并以14 mg.L-1外源水杨酸缓解效果最好。     

NaCl胁迫对秋茄幼苗根系抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨红树植物秋茄(Kandelia candel)幼苗根系抗氧化系统对盐胁迫的生理响应,以Hoagland完全营养液沙培秋茄幼苗60 d后,用不同浓度NaCl处理秋茄根系1、3、5、7 d,对其生理生化指标的变化进行研究。结果表明,胁迫相同天数,200和400 mmol L~(-1) NaCl处理的秋茄根系O_2~(-·)和H_2O_2含量保持较低水平,而600 mmol L~(-1) NaCl处理的则明显增加;MDA含量在200和400 mmol L~(-1) NaCl处理下保持稳定,而600 mmol L~(-1) NaCl处理的显著升高;SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性随NaCl浓度升高总体上表现先上升后下降的趋势,处理3和5 d后的酶活性均显著高于对照,而600 mmol L~(-1) NaCl处理7 d后的酶活性明显低于对照;AsA和GSH含量总体上均明显高于对照。因此,秋茄幼苗是通过根系功能较强的抗氧化系统清除活性氧以提高植株的耐盐性。     

DCPTA对盐胁迫下玉米苗期根系生长、渗透调节及膜透性的影响

黑龙江省西部地区盐碱土面积约有66.7×104hm2,制约着黑龙江省粮食生产水平的进一步提高。叔胺类活性物质2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)-乙基-二乙胺(DCPTA)具有提高作物抗逆性作用,为探讨DCPTA提高玉米耐盐性机制,采用营养液水培试验,在前期试验基础之上,选取"先玉335"(耐盐性强)和"丰禾1号"(耐盐性弱)2个品种,研究DCPTA(15mg·L-1)对Na Cl胁迫下(150 mmol·L-1)玉米幼苗根系生长、渗透调节及质膜透性的影响。结果表明:DCPTA能增加盐胁迫下幼苗的根长、根表面积、根体积、根鲜重和根干重,缓解盐胁迫对根系生长的抑制;DCPTA维持了根系水分平衡,提高了盐胁迫下幼苗根系相对含水量,"先玉335"和"丰禾1号"分别提高3.6%和6.4%;DCPTA通过提高根系可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量,降低幼苗根系脯氨酸含量,增强了盐胁迫下玉米幼苗根系的渗透调节能力,并通过降低根系丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率,保护了根系质膜结构和功能;与盐胁迫相比,"先玉335"丙二醛含量和相对电导率分别降低21.6%和24.2%,"丰禾1号"分别降低28.1%和30.4%;DCPTA缓解盐胁迫对根系伤害的效果表现为"丰禾1号""先玉335"。     

外源脯氨酸对镉胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的影响

以高蛋白小麦品种“北农9549”为试材,研究喷施不同浓度脯氨酸(0、1.0、5.0和10.0 mmol·L-1)对镉胁迫下小麦幼苗生长和重金属吸收的影响.结果表明:以不施镉为对照,1.0 mmol·L-1CdCl2胁迫下,小麦幼苗的根长、株高和干质量分别显著下降24.0％、15.0％和27.5％,叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素含量分别显著下降23.3％、6.7％和30.8％,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低了18.4％,内源脯氨酸、抗坏血酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量分别显著上升78.6％、31.5％和17.9％,细胞膜相对透性显著升高24.8％,过氧化物酶(POD)活性为对照的2.4倍,并且促进对铜的吸收,抑制锌的吸收.随外源脯氨酸浓度的增加,小麦幼苗的根长、株高、干质量、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均逐渐恢复到对照水平,抗坏血酸、内源游离脯氨酸含量和SOD活性均上升,可溶性蛋白含量先上升后下降,POD活性、MDA含量和细胞膜相对透性下降,而锌积累量升高,镉、铜积累量下降.叶面喷施外源脯氨酸可缓解镉对小麦幼苗生长的胁迫,以喷施5.0～10.0 mmol·L-1外源脯氨酸效果最佳.     

壳聚糖对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗根系生长及叶片光合的影响

本试验采用营养液水培法,以玉米品种"郑单958"(镉不敏感型)和"东农253"(镉敏感型)为试验材料,研究在80 mg·L~(-1)Cd~(2+)胁迫下100 mg·L~(-1)壳聚糖对玉米幼苗干鲜重、根系特征(根长、根表面积、根体积、平均直径、总根尖数)、根系细胞膜透性、根系抗氧化酶(SOD、POD)活性、叶片叶绿素含量、光合参数(P_n、G_s、T_r、C_i)及最大光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)的影响,探究壳聚糖提高玉米幼苗抗镉胁迫能力的生理生化机制。结果表明:80mg·L~(-1)Cd~(2+)抑制了玉米幼苗的生长,破坏了根系细胞膜的稳定性和抗氧化酶活性,抑制了叶片光合作用;壳聚糖缓解了镉胁迫对玉米根系生长的抑制,增加了幼苗的根长、根表面积、根体积;增强了根系的渗透调节能力,降低了根系的MDA含量和相对电导率;抑制了根系活性氧的产生,增加了SOD和POD活性;提高了叶片的光合作用,增加了叶片的叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)含量、净光合速率(P_n)和F_v/F_m,从而缓解了镉胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制作用,且对"东农253"(镉敏感型)的缓解效果更好,为壳聚糖应用到玉米抗镉胁迫生产上提供了依据。     

干旱胁迫下外源硫化氢对烤烟幼苗光合荧光参数及抗氧化系统的影响

为探究干旱胁迫下外源硫化氢(H_2S)对烟草幼苗生长的缓解效应与机制,以烤烟‘豫烟6号’品种为试验材料,采用营养液水培的方法,研究15%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫下,叶面喷施不同浓度(0、0.1、0.2和0.4 mmol·L~(-1))硫氢化钠(NaHS)对烤烟幼苗生长、活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量和光合荧光特性的影响。结果显示:(1)干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗生长受到显著抑制。(2)外源H_2S处理显著提高了干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗的地上部与地下部生物量,增加了总根长、总根表面积、根平均直径、根尖数,提高了叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))和光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低了胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ),增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧阴离子■产生速率,其中以0.20 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS处理效果最佳。(3)与单独干旱胁迫处理相比,叶面喷施0.20 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS使烟苗地上部和地下部生物量分别提高了41.82%和44.83%,SPAD、P_n、F_v/F_m、Φ_(PSⅡ)和qP分别提高62.88%、246.96%、8.43%、23.71%和10.84%,C_i和NPQ分别降低25.79%和22.68%,SOD、POD和CAT活性分别增加50.67%、140.59%和71.68%,MDA含量和■产生速率分别降低40.08%和47.58%。研究表明,外源H_2S处理通过提高烟草幼苗对光能的捕获与转换,增强光合作用,促进烟苗生长,并通过提高幼苗的抗氧化水平,减少干旱胁迫对烟草幼苗造成的氧化损伤,从而增强烤烟幼苗对干旱胁迫的适应能力。     

外源甜菜碱提高小麦幼苗抗盐性的研究

以小麦品系山农215953(SN215953)为材料,采用水培的方法,于幼苗期(两叶一心)根灌15mmol·L-1甜菜碱,研究了外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗水分状况、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)外源甜菜碱可缓解盐渍造成的小麦幼苗叶片的水分损失,改善小麦幼苗的水分状况,并发现甜菜碱的这种作用主要是通过促进脯氨酸和可溶性糖的积累进而提高小麦叶片的渗透调节能力来实现。(2)外源甜菜碱可以维持盐胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片的抗氧化酶(SOD、APX、POD)活性,缓解盐渍造成的盐胁迫伤害,对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生物膜的稳定性和完整性起到保护作用。     

NO对镉胁迫下小麦根系生长发育的生理影响

为了探究外源物一氧化氮（NO）供体硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside,SNP）对Cd²⁺胁迫下小麦根系生长发育和活性氧代谢的影响,以小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）为材料,研究10 mmol/L CdCl₂胁迫下,30 μmol/L硝普钠（含一氧化氮NO）对小麦根系生长发育和活性氧代谢的影响。结果显示,外施SNP后,Cd²⁺胁迫下的小麦根长度、鲜重与干重较单独镉胁迫处理分别上升了48.0%、107.7%和87.3%,根系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性分别上升了28.5%、7.4%、19.2%和9.8%,根中超氧自由基（O₂^.-）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的含量分别降低了80.5％和47.0％;同时外施SNP,使镉胁迫下小麦根中的可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量分别上升了24.7％和22.1%;使根中丙二醛（MDA）含量降低了30.2％;使根系活力上升了15.3%。因此,外源NO在一定程度上可以显著提高小麦根的抗氧化能力,增强小麦的抗逆性,缓解镉对小麦根系的毒害,进而促进小麦幼苗根系的生长发育。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.