营养保健甘薯汁制备工艺的优化

目的：优化营养保健甘薯汁的制备工艺。方法：本研究以甘薯为原料,在加酶量、作用时间、反应温度、pH及底物浓度五个单因素试验的基础上采用响应面分析法,以甘薯浆中还原糖量为评价指标,对耐高温α-淀粉酶酶解甘薯浆中淀粉的最佳工艺进行了研究,并利用统计学方法建立了耐高温α-淀粉酶酶解甘薯浆中淀粉的二次多项数学模型。结果：最佳酶解条件为：加酶量480U／g,作用时间90min,反应温度77℃,pH值6．0,底物浓度2．6g／10ml。结论：在最佳酶解条件下,甘薯中还原糖最大估计值为13．97345％。实测值为（13．968±0．05）％。     

绮丽刺毛霉的一种新型甘氨酸氨肽酶的研究

研究了产自于绮丽刺毛霉（Actinomucor elegans）的一种甘氨酸氨肽酶。分子筛层析表明该酶的天然分子的分子量为320kD,SDSPAGE分析表明蛋白质的亚基分子量为565kD。该酶水解含有甘氨酸残基的底物（如glycinenaphthylamine）的效率要较其它氨基酸残基高得多。该酶的最佳反应温度为30℃,最佳pH为8.0。酶的Km和Kcat值分别为0.24mmol/L与1008 s^-1。1.0mmol/L Zn²⁺,Cu²⁺和Cd²⁺可完全抑制该酶的活性。作用于酶巯基的化学物质对酶活性都有抑制作用。根据络合剂反应的实验结果表明该酶是一种含有金属的酶。当与蛋白酶共同作用时该酶除了甘氨酸外还能提高脯氨酸、精氨酸及谷氨酸的水解率。     

毁灭柱孢菌中一种人参皂苷Rb1水解酶的纯化及酶学性质研究

通过DEAE-纤维素阴离子交换层析、30％～80％（NH3）2SO3盐析、Sepharose CL-6B凝胶过滤层析和Mono Q HR5／5阴离子交换层析,从毁灭枉孢菌培养液中部分纯化出一种能够水解人参皂苷Rb,的β-葡萄糖苷酶F-I。F—I具有较好的pH稳定性和热稳定性,在pH4．0～11．0范围内和55℃以下表现出良好的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,其最适pH为5．0,最适温度为55℃。EDTA、Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋对该酶活性有较强的抑制作用。底物专一性分析表明,F—I能高特异性水解人工合成的底物pNPG,还能水解β-葡萄糖苷键连接的二糖如纤维二糖和龙胆二糖,说明此酶为一种β-葡萄糖苷酶。F—I对人参皂苷Rb1表现了较强的水解活性,而对人参皂苷Rb2和Rc的水解活性较低。该酶水解人参皂苷Rb1的路径为Rb1→Rd→F2→C—K。F—I对人参皂苷Rb1的这种高效水解为稀有人参皂苷的工业制备奠定了基础。     

离子液体中固定化脂肪酶催化拆分（±）-薄荷醇

以自制的平均粒径为4．5um磁性高分子微球为载体,采用离子交换法固定化Candida rugosa脂肪酶,催化（±）-薄荷醇的酯化反应,以考察反应时间、pH、反应温度、水活度等因素对酶的固定化以及酯化反应的影响。在固定化反应150min、pH5．0、酯化反应温度30℃、固定化酶的水活度为0．78的条件下,所制备的固定化脂肪酶在离子液体[bmim]PF6中催化拆分（±）-薄荷醇的效果最佳,与游离酶相比固定化脂肪酶的立体选择性有很大的提高,对映体过量率可达93％,对映体选择值为35。     

正交实验法对碱性磷酸酶活性测定的优化

碱性磷酸酶(ALP)是一种非特异性磷酸单酯酶,碱性条件下几乎能催化所有磷酸单酯的水解。采用正交实验法研究兔肝ALP的活性,在单因素实验的基础上,利用Minitab对碱性磷酸酶的催化条件(pH值、反应温度、酶量、底物量)进行4因素3水平的正交实验设计。正交实验结果表明,4种因素对酶活性的影响由大到小排列顺序为pH值温度底物酶,最佳组合为A3B3C1D1,即酶量为0.4 mL,底物量为0.8 mL,温度50℃,pH值为10时兔肝ALP的活性最强。     

变色栓菌锰过氧化物酶同工酶的纯化及其性质研究

变色栓菌(Trametes versicolor)胞外产酶培养液经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-cellulose DE52离子交换柱层析后,获得两个活性组分D1和D2,其中活性组分D2经Phenyl SepharoseTM6Fast Flow疏水层析后,所得样品MnP1经SDS-PAGE检测已达到电泳纯。活性组分D1经Phenyl SepharoseTM6Fast Flow疏水层析、Sephacryl S-200HR凝胶过滤层析后,所得样品MnP2经SDS-PAGE检测已达到电泳纯。两种同工酶MnP1及MnP2,各自的比活力为579.09、425.00U/mg;纯化倍数为17.51、12.85;活力回收率为6.17%、2.47%。由SDS-PAGE法测得MnP1及MnP2的表观分子量分别为46.3kD、43.0kD。两种同工酶催化DMP(2,6-二甲氧基酚)氧化反应的最适pH值及最适反应温度有所不同,最适pH值分别为pH5.8、pH6.2,最适反应温度分别为60℃、65℃。在45℃以下,pH4.0~7.0之间,MnP1及MnP2的稳定性好。DMP为最佳酶促反应底物,以DMP为底物的Km分别为13.43μmol/L、12.45μmol/L。在无Mn2 存在的条件下,酶促反应几乎不发生。EDTA在较高浓度时抑制酶的活性,DTT在所试浓度下都完全抑制酶的活性。     

采用β-葡萄糖苷酶两相催化法水解栀子苷的研究

本研究探索采用有机溶剂/水两相系统作为反应体系来进行栀子苷的酶解反应。以栀子苷和京尼平在水相溶剂中的分配系数作为考察指标,从4种有机溶剂/水两相系统中筛选适合采用两相催化反应体系水解栀子苷的两相溶剂系统。经筛选发现,正丁醇/水两相系统为最佳反应系统,其中栀子苷在水相中的分配比为74.2%,而京尼平仅为22.1%。以正丁醇/水两相系统作为的反应体系,采用β-葡萄糖苷酶催化栀子苷水解,酶解条件为反应温度为50℃,pH为5.0,转速为180 rpm,并采用HPLC-UV对反应过程进行检测。栀子苷转化率在反应10 h后达到86.6%。     

反胶束体系中维生素E的胆甾醇酯酶催化水解

目的 :探索反胶束体系中维生素E醋酸酯的酶促水解规律。方法 :以维生素E醋酸酯的水解产物α -生育酚的生成量为检测指标 ,考察温度、pH值、离子强度、酶浓度、表面活性剂浓度、体系含水量等反应条件对胆甾醇酯酶催化活性的影响。结果 :在卵磷脂 胆固醇 环己烷反胶束体系中 ,胆甾醇酯酶对维生素E醋酸酯具有催化活性。结论 :胆甾醇酯酶发挥水解活性的最佳反应条件如下 :温度为 38℃ ,体系pH值为 8.0 ,胆甾醇酯酶浓度为 1IU·mL- 1 ,牛磺胆酸钠浓度为 5 0mmol·L- 1 ,表面活性剂浓度为 0 .0 2mol·L- 1 ,含水量W0 为 10 .5。     

耐高温β-糖苷酶的乳糖水解活性及转糖基活性

β-糖苷酶（ttβGLY）是Thermus thermophilus产生的一种耐高温酶,以乳糖为底物的酶反应研究表明：该酶具有较高的乳糖水解活性,其最适温度为70℃,最适pH为7．0,乳糖水解的Km=1．566mmol／L,Vmax=0．406mmol／min,在70℃有较好的热稳定性。该酶同时具有较强的转糖基活性,在以40％乳糖为底物,加酶量42．5U／mL、反应温度70℃、反应时间16h的条件下,低聚半乳糖的合成率达到35．3％。水解产物葡萄糖对乳糖水解反应和转糖基反应具有抑制作用,是影响GOS合成的重要因素。     

离子液体中固定化脂肪酶催化拆分（±）-薄荷醇

以自制的平均粒径为4．5um磁性高分子微球为载体,采用离子交换法固定化Candida rugosa脂肪酶,催化（±）-薄荷醇的酯化反应,以考察反应时间、pH、反应温度、水活度等因素对酶的固定化以及酯化反应的影响。在固定化反应150min、pH5．0、酯化反应温度30℃、固定化酶的水活度为0．78的条件下,所制备的固定化脂肪酶在离子液体[bmim]PF6中催化拆分（±）-薄荷醇的效果最佳,与游离酶相比固定化脂肪酶的立体选择性有很大的提高,对映体过量率可达93％,对映体选择值为35。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。