辣椒CaNAC55基因克隆与表达分析

为揭示辣椒NAC转录因子的功能,以高抗疫病辣椒CM334为试验材料,克隆获得CaNAC55基因全长gDNA和cDNA序列。生物信息学分析表明,CaNAC55基因gDNA全长4 164 bp, cDNA完整开放阅读框(ORF)为1 299 bp,基因编码的蛋白由432个氨基酸残基组成;基因序列比对和同源性分析结果表明,CaNAC55与辣椒(XM-016722474)、番茄(XM-004241285)和马铃薯(XM-006361027)的亲缘关系最近,氨基酸相似度分别达到99.87%、93.37%和92.62%。实时荧光定量分析表明,干旱、高盐、热激处理均可诱导CaNAC55基因表达,其中干旱、高盐、热激处理分别在24 h、24 h和12 h时表达量达到峰值,且分别为对照的3.01倍、20.92倍和8.84倍;ABA处理下,CaNAC55基因的相对表达量显著低于对照,说明CaNAC55基因的表达受到ABA的抑制。研究表明,辣椒CaNAC55转录因子对不同逆境胁迫的响应不同,推测辣椒CaNAC55基因可能作为重要的调节因子参与逆境胁迫响应。     

盐胁迫下植物基因的表达与基因工程研究进展

在各种环境胁迫中,盐胁迫是造成作物减产的严重环境因素之一。随着植物分子生物学快速发展,植物耐盐性研究已深入到耐盐相关基因的克隆、基因的结构分析以及基因表达领域。文中就与植物耐盐性密切相关的小分子渗透物质、晚期胚胎发生富集蛋白(LEA)、通道蛋白、盐胁迫相关基因、信号传导基因和转录因子研究作了综述。同时对植物耐盐性研究作了简单的展望。     

盐胁迫下植物基因的表达与基因工程研究

在各种环境胁迫中,盐胁迫是造成作物减产的严重环境因素之一。随着植物分子生物学快速发展,植物耐盐性研究已深入到耐盐相关基因的克隆,基因的结构分析以及基因表达领域。文中就与植物耐盐性密切相关的小分子渗透物质、晚期胚胎发生富集蛋白(LEA)、通道蛋白、盐胁迫相关基因、信号传导基因和转录因子研究作了综述。同时对植物耐盐性研究作了简单的展望。     

红梨PybHLH基因过表达提高烟草NaCl抗性的研究

为探究过表达云南红梨bHLH转录因子对烟草抗盐性的影响,从红梨红色果皮中分离了bHLH转录因子基因PybHLH.亚细胞定位表明PybHLH蛋白定位于细胞核.以转基因PybHLH烟草和野生型烟草为材料,进行了NaCl胁迫对转基因PybHLH烟草生理生化影响研究及其相关酶基因的表达分析.表明PybHLH转基因烟草具有一定的耐盐性,一方面表现为随着盐胁迫时间延长,PybHLH转基因烟草中总可溶性糖、可溶性总蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量的增加,H2O2含量降低;另一方面表现为脯氨酸生物合成关键酶基因P5CS、抗氧化相关基因MnSOD、CuZn-SOD和POD、胁迫相关基因HSP和HSP cherpron和ABA抗盐信号途径基因NAC等均呈上调表达趋势.PybHLH的过表达提高了烟草的耐盐性,这将为进一步研究植物的耐盐机制及耐盐植物新品种的开发奠定基础.     

棉花锌指蛋白GhZFP1相互作用蛋白的酵母双杂交筛选

GhZFP1蛋白是从盐胁迫棉花幼苗cDNA文库中分离的一种CCCH型锌指蛋白.初步的生物学功能研究表明,过量表达该基因的转基因烟草耐盐性和抗病性显著提高.为深入研究GhZFP1蛋白的作用机制,构建pGBKT7-m1诱饵表达载体,利用酵母双杂交系统从盐胁迫诱导棉花cDNA文库中筛选与其相互作用的蛋白.通过阳性克隆的表型确定、PCR和限制性内切酶检测以及测序和生物信息学分析,获得9个与诱饵蛋白相互作用的靶蛋白.双分子荧光互补实验证明,GhZFP1与GZIRD19A确实存在互作关系.通过分析这些靶蛋白的已知功能,为研究GhZFP1锌指蛋白的未知生物学功能提供重要信息.     

辣椒CaPI的克隆与功能分析

【目的】PISTILLATA(PI)基因属于典型的Type II型MADS-box基因家族成员,是ABC(D)E模型中的B类基因,在植物发育过程中起着重要作用,但辣椒PI同源基因功能研究未见报道。探索辣椒PI基因功能,为深入研究植物PI同源基因的功能机制奠定基础。【方法】利用RT-PCR的方法从一年生辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）花器官的cDNA中克隆PI同源基因CaPI,并通过生物信息学方法分析其理化性质、亚细胞定位、蛋白结构和系统进化关系;利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术分析基因在辣椒不同组织中的表达特征;构建植物过表达载体35S:CaPI,通过floral-dipping法转化拟南芥。【结果】该基因开放阅读框648 bp,编码215个氨基酸,相对分子质量为25.13 kD。氨基酸多重序列比对表明,CaPI蛋白N端含有“MGRGKIEIKRIEN”保守基序。系统进化树分析证实,CaPI与马铃薯、番茄和矮牵牛的PI同源基因亲缘关系较近。RT-qPCR证实CaPI主要在花中表达,在花萼中表达量最高,其次是花瓣,在雄蕊中低表达,而在雌蕊中几乎不表达。在拟南芥中过...     

不同盐度胁迫下杜氏盐藻全转录组测序及注释

【目的】通过对杜氏盐藻的转录组进行测序和基因功能分析,阐明不同浓度盐胁迫对杜氏盐藻生长发育以及不同信号途径的影响。【方法】分别获取9%NaCl浓度和24%NaCl浓度培养下的杜氏盐藻转录组并通过Illumina平台进行测序。将所得的序列进行拼接、去冗余处理。【结果】获得40682个unigenes,其中注释到NR数据库的10905个,注释到NT数据库的2768个,注释到SWISS-PROT数据库的7261个,注释到COG/KOG数据库的6499个。受到高盐胁迫的杜氏盐藻细胞相比低盐环境下,有717个基因表达上调,1012个基因表达下调。进一步对60个显著差异基因进行了功能聚类,发现盐胁迫诱导了光合作用途径的基因表达。【结论】杜氏盐藻通过提高光合作用基因表达增强耐盐性。该研究最大范围上挖掘了杜氏盐藻在高盐和低盐环境的基因转录水平,为深入揭示杜氏盐藻盐胁迫下基因差异表达提供了平台,并为进一步研究杜氏盐藻耐盐机理提供理论依据。     

拟南芥盐胁迫应答相关基因AtGRP9的克隆及表达

利用拟南芥cDNA文库在裂殖酵母中的功能性表达 ,从拟南芥中分离了一个编码富甘氨酸蛋白 (glycine richprotein ,GRP)的cDNA克隆 (其基因被命名为AtGRP9)。在裂殖酵母中大量表达AtGRP9cDNA能显著提高细胞的耐盐性。在拟南芥中 ,AtGRP9基因的表达受盐胁迫诱导 ,其表达具有根器官特异性 ;而且 35S启动子组成形成超量表达植株的耐盐性明显提高。这些实验结果表明拟南芥AtGRP9可能是一盐胁迫应答相关基因。     

水稻OsRPL36A基因的表达特性研究

【目的】核糖体蛋白（ribosomal protein,RP）是参与蛋白质合成及基因表达调控的一种重要因子,在植物生长发育和胁迫响应过程中具有重要的作用。研究在水稻中克隆了1个核糖体蛋白家族基因OsRPL36A,并对其生物学功能进行初步研究,为后续OsRPL36A基因功能研究提供理论依据和研究方向。【方法】利用生物信息学技术分析OsRPL36A基因结构、顺式作用元件和演化过程;同时利用实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR）技术分析OsRPL36A的组织表达特异性、节律表达模式、及其对不同激素和非生物胁迫的响应情况。【结果】（1）OsRPL36A的编码区全长为297 bp,共编码98个氨基酸,属于核糖体蛋白L36超基因家族。（2）OsRPL36A的启动子区包含3个节律表达相关元件、10个光响应元件、14个激素响应元件和27个环境胁迫响应元件。（3）OsRPL36A在叶片中的表达量相对高于其他组织;具有典型的节律表达模式;且受IAA、高温、低温和渗透胁迫等诱导表达。【结论】OsRPL36A在叶中高表达,具有典型节律表达模式,对IAA显著响应,可能参与热激、低温、盐害和渗透胁迫响应。     

棉花耐盐相关基因GhLIMa的克隆与表达分析

LIM结构蛋白是真核生物中一类重要的转录因子,参与基因转录、细胞骨架建成和信号传导等许多发育调控过程。该研究利用RT-PCR方法从棉花陆地棉耐盐材料H15中克隆得到了1个新的转录因子GhLIMa(GenBank登录号为KF601208)。GhLIMa基因包含一个627bp的开放阅读框,编码208个氨基酸残基,分子量为23.2kD。生物信息学分析发现,GhLIMa基因含有2个完整的LIM结构域,GhLIMa与可可、蓖麻、欧洲大叶杨中该蛋白的亲缘关系最近,相似性在78%以上。实时定量PCR分析显示,盐诱导后在棉花耐盐材料‘H15’的根和叶中GhLIMa基因表达量均比敏盐材料‘中棉所12’高,而且响应时间早,说明GhLIMa基因与棉花耐盐性密切相关,推测GhLIMa基因在棉花响应盐胁迫过程中具有重要作用。     

香蕉MaNHX5关键耐盐氨基酸位点的鉴定及验证

为提高香蕉NHX基因的耐盐性,从巴西蕉(Musa acuminata L. AAA group)中克隆到一个MaNHXs基因家族的MaNHX5基因,利用生物信息学方法预测了Ma NHX5关键耐盐氨基酸位点和突变前后蛋白质结构的变化,通过定点突变技术将Ma NHX5蛋白的276位丝氨酸(S)成功突变为天冬氨酸(D),利用AXT3盐敏感突变酵母进行功能回补试验。结果表明,将突变后的MaNHX5基因转入AXT3盐敏感突变酵母,200 mmol/L NaCl处理下,突变酵母耐盐性显著提高。由此推测Ma NHX5蛋白的Ser276对香蕉Na+跨液泡膜运输起重要作用。     

Effect of aspartic acid on physiological characteristics and gene expression of salt exclusion in Tartary buckwheat under salt stress

Salt-tolerant variety Chuanqiao No. 1 and salt-sensitive variety Chuanqiao No. 2 of Tartary buckwheat were used as experimental materials. The effect of aspartic acid on seed germination, physiological characteristics of seedlings and gene expression of salt exclusion in Tartary buckwheat were studied under NaCl stress of 150 mM. The results showed that the aspartic acid treatment could restore the seed germination rate and root vigor of seedlings to the control with non-damage level in salt-tolerant Tartary buckwheat variety under salt stress, and the salt-sensitive variety was increased greatly. Spraying aspartic acid had some protective effects on cell membrane of leaves in Tartary buckwheat under salt stress, and the protective effects were more obviously on salt-sensitive variety, and that could restore the activity of SOD and CAT of leaves to the control level in salt-tolerant Tartary buckwheat variety under salt stress, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in salt-sensitive variety was increased significantly. The relative expression of FtNHX1 and FtSOS1 genes was increased significantly under salt stress, and that of FtNHX1 gene in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties was reached the maximum expression level at 12 h and 24 h respectively, while that of FtSOS1 gene in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties was reached the maximum expression level at 12 h, and the salt-tolerant variety was increased greatly. After spraying aspartic acid, the relative expression of FtNHX1 and FtSOS1 genes was increased more obviously. The relative expression of FtNHX1 gene in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties was reached the maximum expression level at 12 h, while that of FtSOS1 gene was reached the maximum expression level at 12 h and 24 h respectively, and that in salt-tolerant variety was increased especially more, indicating that spraying aspartic acid on gene expression of salt exclusion in salt-tolerant variety of Tartary buckwheat has a better effect under salt stress.     

Evaluation and Exploration of Favorable QTL Alleles for Salt Stress Related Traits in Cotton Cultivars (G. hirsutum L.)

Soil salinization is one of the major problems in global agricultural production. Cotton is a pioneer crop with regard to salt stress tolerance, and can be used for saline-alkali land improvement. The large-scale detection of salt tolerance traits in cotton accessions, and the identification of elite quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/genes for salt-tolerance have been very important in salt tolerance breeding. Here, 43 advanced salt-tolerant and 31 highly salt-sensitive cultivars were detected by analyzing ten salt tolerance related traits in 304 upland cotton cultivars. Among them, 11 advanced salt-tolerance and eight highly salt-sensitive cultivars were consistent with previously reported results. Association analysis of ten salt-tolerance related traits and 145 SSRs was performed, and a total of 95 significant associations were detected; 17, 41, and 37 of which were associated with germinative index, seedling stage physiological index, and four seedling stage biochemical indexes, respectively. Of these associations, 20 SSR loci were simultaneously associated with two or more traits. Furthermore, we detected 117 elite alleles associated with salt-tolerance traits, 4 of which were reported previously. Among these loci, 44 (37.60%) were rare alleles with a frequency of less than 5%, 6 only existed in advanced salt-tolerant cultivars, and 2 only in highly salt-sensitive cultivars. As a result, 13 advanced salt-tolerant cultivars were selected to assemble the optimal cross combinations by computer simulation for the development of salt-tolerant accessions. This study lays solid foundations for further improvements in cotton salt-tolerance by referencing elite germplasms, alleles associated with salt-tolerance traits, and optimal crosses.     

Cloning and functional analysis of wheat V-H+-ATPase subunit genes

The root microsomal proteomes of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat lines under salt stress were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrum. A wheat V-H(+)-ATPase E subunit protein was obtained whose expression was enhanced by salt stress. In silicon cloning identified the full-length cDNA sequences of nine subunits and partial cDNA sequences of two subunits of wheat V-H(+)-ATPase. The expression profiles of these V-H(+)-ATPase subunits in roots and leaves of both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat lines under salt and abscisic acid (ABA) stress were analyzed. The results indicate that the coordinated enhancement of the expression of V-H(+)-ATPase subunits under salt and ABA stress is an important factor determining improved salt tolerance in wheat. The expression of these subunits was tissue-specific. Overexpression of the E subunit by transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was able to enhance seed germination, root growth and adult seedling growth under salt stress.     

Salt-stress-responsive chloroplast proteins in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica juncea</Emphasis> genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance and their quantitative PCR analysis

Brassica juncea is mainly cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of India where its production is significantly affected by soil salinity. Adequate knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance at sub-cellular levels must aid in developing the salt-tolerant plants. A proper functioning of chloroplasts under salinity conditions is highly desirable to maintain crop productivity. The adaptive molecular mechanisms offered by plants at the chloroplast level to cope with salinity stress must be a prime target in developing the salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, we have analyzed differential expression of chloroplast proteins in two Brassica juncea genotypes, Pusa Agrani (salt-sensitive) and CS-54 (salt-tolerant), under the effect of sodium chloride. The chloroplast proteins were isolated and resolved using 2DE, which facilitated identification and quantification of 12 proteins that differed in expression in the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes. The identified proteins were related to a variety of chloroplast-associated molecular processes, including oxygen-evolving process, PS I and PS II functioning, Calvin cycle and redox homeostasis. Expression analysis of genes encoding differentially expressed proteins through real time PCR supported our findings with proteomic analysis. The study indicates that modulating the expression of chloroplast proteins associated with stabilization of photosystems and oxidative defence plays imperative roles in adaptation to salt stress.