投喂时间对奥尼罗非鱼活动水平和活动节律的影响

根据投喂时间不同,将奥尼罗非鱼分为4个实验组(每组9尾),每组每天饱食投喂2次,投喂时间分别为8:00 14:00、14:00 20:00、20:00 2:00和2:00 8:00 (依次用S1、S2、S3和S4表示),并使用Videomex-V影像运动监视系统全天监测奥尼罗非鱼的活动.结果显示,S1和S2组单位体重的摄食量显著低于S3和S4组,S1和S2组无显著差异,S3和S4组也无显著差异;投喂时间对全天游泳距离和游泳时间无显著影响,但对活动节律有明显的影响,S1和S2组的活动节律聚为一类,S3和S4组的活动节律聚为另一类.     

摄食不同淀粉含量饲料对军曹鱼血清生化指标的影响

实验旨在研究经过10周投喂不同淀粉含量的饲料的养殖实验后, 禁食1d后再投喂对170 g军曹鱼血清生化指标的影响. 饲料以鱼粉为蛋白源, 鱼油、豆油、大豆卵磷脂为脂肪源, 分别添加0%(对照组)、6%、12%、18%、24%和30%的小麦淀粉(以微晶纤维素调平), 养殖实验期间每天饱食投喂2次. 结果表明, 饥饿再投喂饲料后各处理组军曹鱼血糖含量均在(0-5)h升高, 在5h时达到峰值, 并显著高于其他时间组, 摄食5h后开始下降, 7h时基本恢复到投喂前水平; 血清总蛋白含量在不同处理组以及同一处理组的不同时间点上均没有显著差异; 血清中甘油三酯含量在(0-5)h显著升高, 5h后其含量开始下降, 7h时基本恢复到投喂前水平. 其中0%、6%和12%组, 摄食5h后其甘油三酯含量显著高于摄食前与摄食后7h和24h, 而在18%、24%和30%组中, 其含量无显著差异; 0%淀粉组血清中胆固醇含量在(0-2)h显著升高, 2h时达到峰值, 在(2-7)h呈下降趋势, 之后趋于平稳. 其他处理组都是在(0-5)h升高, 5h后开始下降, 在7h时基本恢复到投喂前水平. 18%-30%组, 摄食后5h血清中胆固醇含量显著高于摄食前与摄食后24h. 军曹鱼血清中低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇在(0-5)h显著升高, 摄食5h后其含量开始下降, 7h时基本恢复到投喂前水平, 但各组不同时间点间均无显著性差异. 而血清中高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇含量除在24%添加组中, 摄食后5h显著高于摄食前(0h)及投喂结束后24h处理组, 其他处理之间无显著差异. 综上所述: 170 g军曹鱼禁食再摄入不同含量的小麦淀粉后其血清中血糖含量先升高后降低, 随着饲料中糖添加量的增加, 其峰值先增加, 后趋于平稳. 军曹鱼血清甘油三酯和胆固醇的含量会升高, 对其血清中低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇及高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇影响不显著.       

摄食水平和投喂频率对大菱鲆幼鱼生长及生化成分的影响

以大菱鲆幼鱼(7.56±0.03 g)为试验对象,在水温17～19℃下,设计了4个摄食水平梯度(1.0％、1.5％、2.0％和饱食)和3个投喂频率梯度(1、2和3次·d-1),探讨了不同摄食水平和投喂频率对其生长及生化成分的影响.结果表明:随着摄食水平的升高,大菱鲆幼鱼的终末体重、相对增重率和摄食率显著升高(P＜0.05);特定生长率随摄食水平的增加呈线性升高;湿重、干重、蛋白质和能量转化效率出现先升高后降低的趋势;摄食水平对鱼体的体成分和组间表观消化率无显著影响(P＞0.05);不同投喂频率下,终末体重、相对增重率、特定生长率及转化效率呈先升高再降低的趋势,在2次·d-1时取得最大值;投喂频率对鱼体的体成分和组间表观消化率无显著影响(P＞O.05).     

投喂策略对黄颡鱼生长和繁殖的影响

实验设置饱食投喂(AS)、80%饱食(80AS)、50%饱食(50AS)及先饥饿34d后再饱食投喂31d (HAS)四个处理组,饲养初重(86.6±0.41) g的雌性黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) 65d,于实验中期(34d)和实验结束时取样,以探究投喂策略对黄颡鱼母本生长性能和繁殖能力的影响。实验结果显示:80AS组、50AS组和HAS组的总摄食量基本符合实验设计的比例且显著低于AS组。在实验结束时, 80AS组的增重率和体重与AS组无显著差异, HAS组体重显著低于AS组并与80AS组无显著差异,生长未能达到同期饱食水平。各组在实验结束时的肌肉粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量均随投喂水平降低而降低,性腺粗脂肪和粗蛋白则无显著差异,据此可以推测母本将营养优先供给性腺而非肌肉。实验末期AS组和80AS组卵直径无显著差异,均显著高于50AS组并低于HAS组,表明饥饿后恢复摄食对卵的发育有补偿效应。实验结束时各处理组的绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力未受到投喂策略的显著影响。80AS、50AS及HAS组的star、sf-1、3β-hsd和cyp19a1基因表达由中期的显著低于AS组上调...     

不同光照条件下叉尾斗鱼仔鱼摄食节律

在自然光照、持续光照和持续黑暗3种光照条件下,研究了孵化后第5、8和12日龄的叉尾斗鱼仔鱼的摄食节律。结果表明:自然光照下,3个日龄的叉尾斗鱼仔鱼在午后12:00—16:00表现出明显的摄食高峰,而持续光照组与持续黑暗组未表现出明显的摄食峰谷。持续光照下,叉尾斗鱼仔鱼的昼夜摄食活动均很活跃,全日各时段平均摄食量显著增加,尤其是夜晚20:00—翌日4:00各时段平均摄食量极显著高于同一时段自然光照组。而在持续黑暗下,与自然光照相比全日各时段平均摄食量明显减少,尤其是白天8:00—16:00各时段的平均摄食量极显著降低。叉尾斗鱼仔鱼属于典型的白天摄食类型,其摄食节律与光照条件密切相关。     

不同饵料对稀有鲫生长和繁殖的影响

饵料对鱼类生长发育和繁殖具有重要影响。为了筛选稀有鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)幼鱼和成鱼阶段最适投喂方式, 实验将出膜5周末(日龄为35 day after hatching)的幼鱼随机分为5个组: A组投喂丰年虫; B组每周前6d (days)投喂丰年虫, 后1d投喂商业化微颗粒S3饲料; C组每周前3.5d投喂丰年虫, 后3.5d投喂饲料; D组每周前1d投喂丰年虫, 后6d投喂饲料; E组一直投喂饲料; 各组均采用饱食投喂策略。每2周统计生长、存活指标, 直至第21周(147 dah), 在17周(119 dah)取材用于观察性腺发育程度。在产卵后统计各组产卵量、孵化率和子代畸形率。结果显示: (1)E组存活率和特定生长率显著低于其他组(P<0.05); (2)从产卵量、孵化率和子代畸形率上看, B组产卵量显著高于其他组(P<0.05); (3)从性腺组织学上看, 不同投喂方法对精巢的成熟度无显著影响, 但投喂过丰年虫的稀有鲫卵巢发育成熟度显著优于E组。研究结果提示:适量加入丰年虫比单一投喂活饵或饲料更有利于稀有鲫的生长和繁殖。建议在标准化养殖过程中, 幼鱼和成鱼期的稀有鲫采取丰年虫与饲料投喂频次比值为6﹕1的方式最佳。     

投喂水平对长吻 仔稚鱼生长和存活的影响

以长吻(鱼危)仔鱼为实验对象, 探讨不同投喂水平对7-14日龄阶段和21-29日龄阶段的长吻(鱼危)仔稚鱼存活、生长以及鱼体组成的影响。7-14日龄阶段设计6个投喂水平, 分别为: 20、30、40、50、60和70 % IBW/d(IBW: initial body weight); 21-29日龄阶段设计6个投喂水平: 10、20、30、40、50、60 % IBW/d。实验结果表明: (1)投喂水平显著影响长吻(鱼危)仔稚鱼的存活和生长(P0.05)。7-14日龄阶段, 投喂水平为30%-60% IBW/d处理组的仔鱼存活率显著高于20%与70 % IBW/d投喂组(P0.05)。特定生长率随投喂水平的增加显著上升, 以60% IBW/d投喂组最高(P0.05)。21-29日龄期间, 10% IBW/d投喂组存活率显著低于50% IBW/d投喂组(P0.05), 特定生长率(SGR)则显著低于其他各处理组(P0.05); (2)鱼体体长体重变异系数未受投喂水平的显著影响。鱼体产出与饲料投入之比、鱼体水分含量随投喂水平升高显著下降(P0.05), 粗蛋白含量则显著上升(P0.05); 粗脂肪和粗灰分含量无显著差异; (3)分别通过存活率和投喂水平做一元二次回归、特定生长率与投喂水平做折线回归得到7-14日龄阶段的仔鱼最适投喂水平为43 % IBW/d; 通过仔鱼存活率和特定生长率与饲料投喂水平做折线回归得到21-29日龄阶段的仔鱼最适投喂水平分别为30.62% IBW/d和28.41% IBW/d。       

在斑点叉尾血清中强力霉素对嗜水气单胞菌药动-药效模型研究

为合理应用强力霉素治疗斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)细菌性败血症,采用体内药动学和体外药效学相结合的方法,研究了斑点叉尾血清中强力霉素抗嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydropila)的活性,数据使用3p97和kinetica4.4软件分析。结果表明:强力霉素在普通肉汤培养基和血清中对嗜水气单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为2.0μg/mL。斑点叉尾按20 mg/kg体重的剂量口灌强力霉素后,药物吸收迅速、达峰快、消除缓慢,血浆药物达峰时间(Tmax)为2.57h,峰浓度(Cmax)为1.72μg/mL,消除半衰期[T(1/2)β]为38.63h。在半效应室内,半效浓度参数(EC50)为16.95h,即血清药物浓度为1.41μg/mL时可产生50%最大效应。PK-PD同步模型参数Cmax/MIC血清为0.86,AUC0→24h/MIC血清为20.57h。通过抑制效应的Sigmoid Emax模型方程可得到临床起到抑菌效果的最佳给药剂量范围为10.68—41.42 mg/kg体重。临床上发生斑点叉尾细菌性败血症时的最佳给药方案建议为:对出现临床病状的斑点叉尾以41.42 mg/kg体重的剂量进行拌饲投喂进行治疗,1次/d。临床上预防斑点叉尾细菌性败血症时以10.68 mg/kg体重的剂量进行拌饲投喂,1次/d。     

淡水养殖太平洋鲑循环饥饿后补偿性生长效果研究

用16.1%脂肪,38.1%蛋白质含量日粮饲养108尾初始重约为240g的太平洋鲑(Oncorhynchusspp.)于0.25m3的水族箱中64d,水温为15.5±3.7℃。实验分6组,分别为对照组(每天投喂),实验1组(隔天投喂),实验2组(隔2天投喂2天),实验3组(隔4天投喂4天),实验4组(隔8天投喂8天),实验5组(隔16天投喂16天)。每组设3个平行水族箱,每箱6尾鱼。研究淡水养殖太平洋鲑多重周期饥饿后补偿性生长效果。实验结果表明:(1)各试验组太平洋鲑成活率均为100%。实验1、2、3组太平洋鲑鱼体增重接近对照组,其恢复摄食期间特定生长率、摄食率、食物转化率均显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。而实验4、5组鱼恢复摄食期间虽摄食率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但其鱼体增重、特定生长率、食物转化率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);(2)实验各组鱼肥满度、肝体比、肝脏脂肪和糖原含量、肌肉中脂肪含量较对照组均有不同程度下降,肝脏脂肪中总饱和脂肪酸比例上升,而总多不饱和脂肪酸比例下降;(3)实验1、2、3组血浆中甘油三酯、胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白显著低于对照组,而葡萄糖、血清中甲状腺激素T4浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验结果表明,初重约240g太平洋鲑饥饿1—4d,再循环投喂相同时间64d后,获得了接近完全补偿生长效果,表现为其恢复摄食期间摄食率和食物转化率明显上升,生长速率明显加快,饲料报酬明显提高,鱼体增重接近持续喂食的对照组,养殖效益明显提高。但饥饿8—16d再循环投喂相同时间后,表现为无补偿生长效应,食物转化率和生长速率明显下降,鱼体增重极显著低于持续喂鱼的对照组。     

不同投喂频率下复合非粮蛋白源替代鱼粉饲料对大口黑鲈生长性能和健康的影响

为探究投喂频率对不同水平的复合非粮蛋白源替代饲料鱼粉对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长性能、血浆生化、肠道形态和抗氧化的影响,设计了棉籽浓缩蛋白、乙醇梭菌蛋白、黄粉虫粉和小球藻4种非粮蛋白源混合(8:5:3:4)后替代0、30%、60%和90%的鱼粉的四种等氮等脂饲料(D1、D2、D3和D4),设置3个投喂频率(1、2和4次/d)。每个处理组3个重复,每个重复50尾体重为(14.23±0.07) g的大口黑鲈幼鱼,进行为期8周的室外养殖实验。结果显示,在不同投喂频率条件下,摄食D4饲料组大口黑鲈的特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质沉积率(PRE)显著低于D1—D3组,饲料系数(FCR)显著升高(P<0.05)。在各饲料组中,投喂1次/d组的特定生长率显著低于2和4次/d投喂组(P<0.05)。在不同投喂频率条件下,摄食D4饲料组大口黑鲈血浆胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著低于D1组,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著高于D1组(P<0.05)。在各饲料组中,投喂1次/d大口黑鲈血浆葡萄糖(Glu)含量,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和谷草转...     

INDIVIDUAL AND SPECIES-SPECIFIC SONG PATTERNS OF ROCK AND MEADOW PIPITS: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EXPERIMENTS

ABSTRACT

The songs of Anthus spinoletta littoralis and A. pratensis, in sympatric populations in SW Sweden were recorded, analysed in sound spectrographs and tested in the field. The purpose was to investigate: a) if the strophes are species specifically and individually distinct and, if so, whether pipits are able to make such distinctions; b) if the species-specific and individual-specific patterns are concentrated in different sections of the song and, if so, whether the species-specific section transmits individual-specific information and the individual-specific section transmits species-specific information as well.

The basic structure of the syllables in the terminating section of the strophe was found to be intraspecifically stereotyped, but varied between the two species. Replay experiments showed that territorial males could discriminate between con- and heterospecific strophes and this ability persisted when the terminating section of the strophe was replayed alone. The terminating part of the strophe did not seem to transmit individual-specific information to conspecific males. On the other hand, the basic structure of the syllables in the first section of the strophe was intraindividually stereotyped but varied between most conspecific males. Playback experiments showed that a territorial male could discriminate his neighbours' song patterns and this ability remained intact when the introductory phrase of the strophe was replayed alone. Both song pattern and position were necessary properties of the identifying signal in these pipits. But the introductory phrase of a total stranger did not seem to transmit unambiguous species-specific information to conspecific males.     

THE ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITION BETWEEN SEALS AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES IN THE NORTH SEA AND THE ANTARCTIC1

Most of the exploited fish stocks in the North Sea are also used as a food supply by a number of seal species; the same is true for some fish and invertebrate stocks in the Antarctic—although the fisheries there are, at present, much smaller than those in the North Sea. The information needed for a critical assessment of such interactions is reviewed. Using existing techniques it is possible to estimate the quantity and size-classes of each fish or invertebrate species consumed by seals and to compare this with the commercial catch. If fishing mortality is known, these estimates can be used to calculate the level of mortality imposed by the seals. However, a realistic evaluation requires information on the distribution and movements of the fish, the seals' feeding effort, and the fisheries effort in time and space. At present it is difficult or impossible to obtain this information, but recent technological developments in telemetry equipment will soon make it feasible. To assess the economic effects of changes in seal numbers on the fishery, or the ecological effects of changes in fisheries effort on seal populations, requires additional information on the responses of the fishery and the seals to changes in fish abundance, and of the commercial market to changes in the supply of fish.     

蚜虫寄主植物与取食部位的多样性

在中国科学院动物研究所已有标本采集记录和国内外文献资料的基础上,分别从蚜虫类Aphidina科级和属级阶元系统研究世界范围内蚜虫寄主植物与取食部位的多样性.蚜虫的寄主植物种类繁多,涉及267科2120属,尤其以菊科、禾本科、豆科、伞形科、唇形科、蔷薇科、茜草科、兰科、壳斗科、杨柳科、胡桃科等植物为主.13科蚜虫的寄主植物差别很大:在科级水平,球蚜科Adelgidae、纩蚜科Mindaridae和平翅绵蚜科Phloeomyzidae的寄主植物类群比较单一,蚜科Aphididae和瘿绵蚜科Pemphigidae的寄主植物范围最为广泛;在属级水平,各属蚜虫间寄主植物也有明显差异,有143属蚜虫的寄主植物多于2科,其中蚜科的属占多数,蚜属Aphis、瘤蚜属Myzus、长管蚜属Macrosiphum、粗额蚜属Aulacorthum和声蚜属Toxoptera的寄主植物最多,各超过100科290属.在不同的寄主植物上寄生着不同种类的蚜虫,其中16科47属寄主植物上寄生的蚜虫多于14属.蚜虫在寄主植物上的取食部位丰富多样,可分为7类,分别为叶片、嫩梢、嫩枝、茎、花、根部、果实等.以叶片、茎、嫩枝和嫩梢为蚜虫主要取食部位.平翅绵蚜科主要取食嫩枝、茎和根部,短痣蚜科Anoeciidae主要取食叶片、嫩梢和根部,球蚜科、群蚜科Thelaxidae和毛管蚜科Greenideidae取食叶片、嫩梢、嫩枝和茎等部位,纩蚜科取食叶片、嫩梢、茎和花等部位,大蚜科Lachnidae和斑蚜科Drepanosiphidae除取食叶片、嫩梢、嫩枝、茎等部位外,前者还在根部取食,后者还寄生在果实上,根瘤蚜科Phylloxeridae在除花以外的其它6个部位取食,蚜科、瘿绵蚜科和毛蚜科Chaitophoridae的取食部位最为多样,它们在上述7个部位均可取食.还初步讨论了在不同寄主植物上蚜虫物种的分化,以及蚜虫与寄主植物之间的对应关系.     

FECAL METHANOGENS AND VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION

It has been assumed that the feeding habits of vertebrates predispose the variety of intestinal differentiations and the composition of the microbial biota living in their intestinal tracts. Consequently, the presence of methanogenic bacteria in the various differentiations of the large intestine and the foregut of herbivorous vertebrates had been attributed primarily to the existence of anaerobic habitats and the availability of carbon dioxide and hydrogen originating from the fermentative microbial digestion of plant-based diets. However, Australian ratites, many murids, and several New World primates lack methanogens, despite their intestinal differentiations and their vegetarian feeding habits. Crocodiles, giant snakes, aardvarks, and ant-eaters on the other hand release significant amounts of methane. A determination of methane emissions by 253 vertebrate species confirmed that competence for intestinal methanogenic bacteria is shared by related species and higher taxa, irrespective of different feeding habits. In “methanogenic” branches of the evolutionary tree, a variety of differentiations of the large intestine evolved and, in some cases, differentiations of the foregut. In contrast, the lack of competence for methanogens in chiropterans/insectivores and carnivores apparently has precluded the evolution of specialized fermenting differentiations of the digestive tract. Our observations reveal that the presence of intestinal methanogenic bacteria is under phylogenetic rather than dietary control: competence for intestinal methanogenic bacteria is a plesiomorphic (primitive-shared) character among reptiles, birds, and mammals. This competence for methanogenic bacteria has been crucial for the evolution of the amniotes.     

EFFECTS OF FASTING AND FEEDING ON SERUM UREA AND SERUM CREATININE LEVELS IN POLAR BEARS

Polar bears were held in captivity and fasted for an average of 38 d prior to being fed for three days. Blood samples were collected prior to feeding and then at one and three days post-feeding in 1984 and at one, four, and seven days post-feeding in 1985. The ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine varied significantly in 1984, rising from a pre-feeding mean of 11.0 (SE = 2.6) to 32.0 (SE = 3.2) on the first day post-feeding and then dropped to 22.8 (SE =3.2) in the last sample. In 1985, the ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine increased from a pre-feeding mean of 15.8 (SE = 2.3) to 61.2 (SE = 10.6) after three days of feeding and dropped to a mean of 29.2 (SE = 5.1) seven days after feeding ended. Serum urea levels varied over the study period in both years. No significant variation in serum creatinine levels was found in 1984, but in 1985, serum creatinine levels demonstrated significant variation, declining from the pre-feeding mean of 1.83 mg/dl (SE = 0.29) to 0.96 mg/dl (SE = 0.12) in the last sample.
The findings suggest that polar bears can have a low serum urea to serum creatinine ratio, similar to that found in hibernating black bears, or higher ratios after feeding. Polar bears can rapidly return to a fasting serum urea to creatinine ratio after food is withheld. Polar bears may demonstrate urea conservation, similar to that found in black bears, and may be able to move between a fasting and a feeding metabolism based on food availability throughout the year, an adaptation to life on the labile sea ice.     

棉铃虫4龄幼虫的摄食行为和中肠蛋白酶活性的变化

通过测定棉铃虫4龄幼虫,每隔12 h的摄食量、体重净增量以及丝氨酸蛋白酶活性的变化,揭示了它的取食行为及中肠蛋白酶活性的变化规律。结果表明:棉铃虫4龄幼虫取食及消化呈有规律的变化,蜕皮后4龄初,摄食量、体重净增量、类胰蛋白酶、类胰凝乳蛋白酶和总蛋白酶活性均逐渐增加;进入中期(36～48 h),各项指标达到最高值;其后,随着摄食量的下降,各项指标逐渐下降。同时, 连续观察幼虫取食高峰期的取食行为6 h,结果表明: 其间一次连续取食的平均时间为(3.6±0.4) min/次, 总平均取食时间为(62.4±8.9) min,约占整个时间的1/6。该文还对棉铃虫4龄幼虫不同时段取食行为与蛋白酶活性变化之间的相关性及调控机制作了初步讨论。     

INTERCHANGE AND ISOLATION OF HUMPBACK WHALES OFF CALIFORNIA AND OTHER NORTH PACIFIC FEEDING GROUNDS

Humpback whales feed in several high-latitude areas of the North Pacific. We examined the interchange of humpback whales between one of these areas, off California, and those in other feeding grounds in the eastern North Pacific:. Fluke photographs of 597 humpback whales identified off California between 1986 and 1992 were compared with those off Oregon and Washington (29); British Columbia (81); southeastern Alaska (343); Prince William Sound, Alaska (141); Kodiak Island, Alaska (104); Shumagin Islands, Alaska (22); and in the Bering Sea (7). A high degree of interchange, both inter-and intrayear, was found among humpback whales seen off California, Oregon, and Washington., A low rate of interchange was found between British Columbia and California.: two whales seen near the British Columbia/Washington border were photographed off California in a different year, No interchange was found between California and the three feeding areas in Alaska. Humpback whales off California, Oregon, and Washington form a single intermixing feeding aggregation with only limited interchange with areas farther north. These findings are consistent with photographic identification studies in the North Atlantic and with genetic studies in both the North Atlantic and North Pacific.     

江苏常州地区农林甲虫调查初报

1991～2002年对江苏常州地区农林鞘翅目昆虫进行了调查,共采集到甲虫83种,隶属于16科69属,其中11种为江苏省新记录。同时记述了各种甲虫的学名和食性。     

EFFECT OF FEEDING STIMULANT ON THE FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND MORTALITY OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA ON DIETS WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS*

Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was noticed to be highly deterrent to the feeding of Helicoverpa armigera larva when incorporated into diets, even at the non‐lethal dosage. As the dosage of Bt increased, the deterrence showed a tendency of elevation. Feeding stimulant, FS‐1 could attract larvae for feeding, and increase larval feeding time and consumption. Addition of 1% (vlv) FS1 could alleviate the deterrent effect of Bt, especialy in low concentration. In no‐choice test, it was observed that while 1% (v/v) FS1 was added, LC₅₀, of Bt underwent a 41% decrease, but in the choice test, the mortality of larvae was not significantly enhanced.