鳜原种群体和养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

本研究利用20对微卫星引物对鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)原种群体和养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在鳜原种群体中检测到多态性位点14个,养殖群体11个。在两个群体中共检测到等位基因数96个,其中原种群体检测到等位基因数53个,每个位点的等位基因数在1～7之间,平均有效等位基因数为2.7390;养殖群体检测到等位基因数43个,每个位点的等位基因数在1～6之间,平均有效等位基因数为2.1284。原种群体的平均观察杂合度0.5708,Nei氏期望杂合度0.5295,平均多态信息含量PIC0.5353;养殖群体的平均观察杂合度0.3839,Nei氏期望杂合度0.4011,平均多态信息含量PIC0.5043。因此,与养殖群体相比,鳜原种群体仍有丰富的遗传多样性。本研究可为鳜种质资源的保护、监测和遗传育种提供分子水平上的数据。     

薇菜SSR分子标记的开发及遗传多样性初步探讨

利用改良FIASCO法(Fast Isolation by AFLP Sequences COntaining repeats)开发出的9对多态性SSR引物评价了薇菜(Osmunda japonica Thunb.)2个野生居群(庐山和恩施)、1个栽培居群(恩施)的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平。结果显示,9个SSR标记在3个薇菜居群中共检测到47个等位基因,每个SSR位点的平均等位基因数为5.222个,观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.000~0.944和0.577~0.834,香农指数为0.962~1.860,表明各SSR位点多态性较高;各居群的平均期望杂合度均大于平均观测杂合度且种内近交系数均为正值,说明3个薇菜居群中都存在非随机交配现象;对各居群的相关遗传多样性参数分析表明,恩施野生居群遗传多样性最高,而其栽培居群最低;庐山野生居群与恩施野生居群间遗传分化系数为0.092,说明两地野生薇菜居群的遗传分化程度较低,AMOVA分析也表明遗传变异主要存在于野生居群内部。     

三个野生群体日本囊对虾遗传多样性的SSR分析

为了解野生种群日本囊对虾遗传分化和改良遗传育种,用SSR技术对福建厦门(XM)、广东湛江(ZJ)、广西北海(BH)3个地区野生日本囊对虾进行遗传多样性的研究。采用了10对微卫星引物对3个野生种群进行分析,10个微卫星位点在3个种群中均表现为高度的多态性,每个位点平均检测到3.87个等位基因;平均多态信息含量为0.5893;3个群体的观测杂合度分别为0.6243、0.5704、0.4661,全部群体观测杂合度平均为0.5536;期望杂合度分别为0.7193、0.6189、0.6226,全部群体平均期望杂合度为0.6536。这说明3个野生种群在10个微卫星位点上均具有丰富的遗传多样性。基于Nei's遗传距离的聚类分析显示厦门群体和湛江群体的遗传距离较近。     

异型花多态性微卫星标记的开发（英文）

异型花是青藏高原特有的一年生草本植物。为了更好地利用和保护这一重要的植物资源,本研究开发了异型花的多态性微卫星标记。首先,基于限制性位点相关DNA测序(RAD-seq)技术,开发了异型花14个多态性微卫星位点和2个单态性微卫星位点的引物;随后,对异型花的3个自然居群的57个个体的14个位点进行了分析。结果显示:14个位点观察到的等位基因数为4～7个,平均为5.071个;期望杂合度范围为0.003～0.312 (平均值为0.194),而观测杂合度范围为0～0.281 (平均值为0.047)。其中,仅有3对引物在龙胆科的椭圆叶花锚中具有通用性。本研究开发的多态标记对研究异型花种群结构和遗传多样性具有重要意义。     

长江中上游两个鲢群体遗传变异的微卫星分析

对长江中上游2个鲢群体使用39个微卫星标记进行了遗传多样性分析, 计算并统计了平均观测等位基因数、平均有效等位基因数、多态信息含量、遗传杂合度、Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数、遗传相似系数、遗传距离等遗传参数。结果表明: 万州鲢和监利鲢群体所检测微卫星位点的平均观测等位基因数分别为6.128和4.974; 平均有效等位基因数分别为4.107和3.395; 多态位点百分率分别为100和94.87; 39个微卫星标记共有等位基因259个, 173个等位基因为两群体所共有; 多态微卫星位点的PIC在0.077~0.865之间变动,平均为0.617; 两群体所检测位点平均观测杂合度为0.834和0.775, 平均期望杂合度为0.713和0.623; 两个群体间的遗传相似系数为0.618, 群体间的遗传距离为0.482。结果显示长江中上游两个鲢群体间存在显著遗传分化, 应隶属于不同的种群。     

白条草蜥多态性微卫星位点的分离与鉴定

白条草蜥(Takydromus wolteri)是一种年产多窝卵的蜥蜴。为了对其婚配制度、同一雌性个体所产卵的窝内和窝间的父权状况、种群的遗传结构和物种的进化历史等研究内容进行探讨,本研究筛选出白条草蜥的9个具有高度多态性的微卫星位点。微卫星位点筛选自包含(AC)n和(ATAG)n重复片度的微卫星富集文库。在白条草蜥安徽滁州种群的16～32个个体中对上述位点进行检测后发现,上述座位的等位基因数目范围为12～20个,期望杂合度范围为0.894～0.955,观测杂合度范围0.565～0.938,表明这些微卫星标记具有良好的遗传多样性,它们将在白条草蜥的种群遗传结构、基因流水平、种群分化和婚配制度的研究中发挥重要作用。     

南天竹微卫星标记开发及特性分析（英文）

南天竹(Nandina domestica)是一种具有较高观赏价值的常绿灌木。本研究从南天竹基因组中开发和筛选出10个微卫星位点,能在该物种中进行稳定PCR扩增且具一定的多态性。采用4个南天竹群体24个个体进行检测发现,每个位点的等位基因数为2~6,期望杂合度和表观杂合度分别为0.153~0.778和0~1。本研究结果为后续对南天竹遗传多样性的研究打下了基础。另外,这10个位点在小檗科4个其他物种中也有一定的通用性。     

近缘种扩增法对黑叶猴微卫星位点的筛选及特征分析(英文)

微卫星位点近缘种筛选法使得在探讨各种灵长类种群遗传结构和生殖策略上更加便捷。我们利用138条人类微卫星引物在黑叶猴中进行筛选,得到了23个具有多态性位点。在28个检测个体中,每个位点的等位基因数为3到9个,期望杂合度为0.62,观测杂合度为0.50,其中有7个位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,9个位点存在无效等位基因现象。但是各位点之间均未检测到连锁不平衡现象。这些位点将在黑叶猴种群遗传结构的研究中发挥重要作用。     

中国特有种爆杖花的微卫星分子标记开发与评价

爆杖花（Rhododendron spinuliferum）是中国西南地区特有的观赏和药用植物。为了研究爆杖花和碎米花之间的杂交物种形成过程,本研究利用FIASCO方法对爆杖花进行微卫星引物开发,从100对引物中筛选出28个微卫星标记,其中22个为多态。利用爆杖花两个居群共24个个体对22个多态性位点进行分析,结果显示：每个位点具有2～5个等位基因,平均为3．4个,其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0．083～0．792和0．153～0．744。对筛出的28个微卫星标记在碎米花的两个自然居群中也做了检测,结果显示：有22个微卫星标记成功扩增,其中20个有多态性;每个多态位点有2。6个等位基因,平均为3．2个,其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0．000～0．833和0．117～0．736。开发的微卫星标记可用于爆杖花及其近缘物种的居群遗传学分析和杂交物种形成研究。     

实验兔三个封闭群微卫星DNA多态性遗传分析

目的 对日本大耳白兔、青紫蓝兔、新西兰兔三个封闭群体开展群体遗传学分析.方法 利用10个微卫星位点,进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡(HWE)检验,统计三个种群的基因频率、观测杂合度、期望杂合度、F值和遗传距离.结果 青紫蓝品种在12L1E11位点,新西兰品种在INRACCDDV0087位点与INRACCDDV0203位点,日本大耳白兔在Sat12位点与INRACCDDV0203,P＜0.05,显著偏离HWE,多数表现为杂合子缺陷;三个群体在Sat13、So144、6L1F10、7L1F1、12L4A1、INRACCDDV0016点上均符合HWE;各位点平均等位基因数5.9,种群整体基因频率差别较大,其范围为0 -0.9060;三个种群的平均观测杂合度为0.6204,平均期望杂合度为0.6178;群体间分化系数(Fst)平均为0.0750,日本大耳白兔和青紫蓝兔遗传距离最近为0.1223,青紫蓝兔与新西兰兔遗传距离最远为0.1934.结论 三个种群的遗传结构均表现出遗传稳定性和均一性,在10个微卫星位点上呈现高度多态性,种群间遗传分化明显.     

Development of microsatellite markers for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bambusa arnhemica</Emphasis> (Poaceae: Bambuseae), a bamboo endemic to northern Australia

Bambusa arnhemica is a bamboo species endemic to northern Australia. We isolated and characterized nine microsatellite loci from this species. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 16 with an average of 6.8, and expected heterozygosities from 0.40 to 0.84 with an average of 0.69. The markers described here will be useful to investigate clump structure, evolution of the bamboo flowering wave, patterns of gene flow, and the biogeographic history of B. arnhemica in Australia.     

Microsatellite DNA loci from the typical halophyte <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thellungiella salsuginea</Emphasis> (Brassicaceae)

Thellungiella salsuginea (Brassiaceae) is a typical halophyte which can tolerate extreme cold, drought, and salinity. In order to understand the adaptive evolution of this species in the arid habitats, it is important to know its genetic structure. In this study, 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from an enrichment genomic library of this species. We further assessed the polymorphisms of each locus in 18 individuals from nine geographically distant populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from six to fourteen. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.17 to 0.28 and 0.32 to 0.45, respectively. These markers have been crossly checked in another congeneric species, T. halophila. These microsatellite markers will be useful for investigating population genetics and adaptive evolution of this species and morphological divergence between and it and the closely related species.     

Development of 12 novel microsatellite loci in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Epimedium brevicornum and cross-amplification in other related taxa

A total of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized for a Chinese medicinal plant, Epimedium brevicornum (Berberidaceae). A genomic DNA enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci and polymorphism was explored using 38 individuals from one natural population. The observed number of alleles ranged from 2–14. The ranges of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.00–0.83 and 0.15–0.88, respectively. In addition, successful cross-species amplification of this set of microsatellite markers in other four medicinal Epimedium species suggested that they would provide a useful tool for the genetic and conservation studies of Epimedium species.     

Eighteen novel microsatellite markers for the Chinese sea perch, Lateolabrax maculatus

Chinese sea perch (Lateolabrax maculates) is one of the most important commercial species of mariculture in China. In this study, we constructed a repeat-enriched genomic DNA library of L. maculates. Eighteen dinucleotide microsatellite markers were characterized by genotyping 32 samples. The number of alleles ranged from three to nine, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.4516 to 1.0000 and from 0.4045 to 0.8676, respectively. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations were detected at four loci and linkage disequilibrium between two loci was significant after applying Bonferroni correction. The 18 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers should provide sufficient level of genetic diversity to investigate the population structure and evaluate the breeding strategy in L. maculates.     

Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in Chinese medicinal plant Akebia trifoliate ssp. australis and cross-species amplification in closely related taxa

Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from an AC-enriched genomic library of Akebia trifoliate ssp. australis. The number of allele per locus ranged from 3 to 14. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity at population level were 0.196–1.000 and 0.522–0.902, respectively. In addition, this set of microsatellites produced robust cross-species amplification in other two related taxa, suggesting these microsatellite markers should provide a useful tool for genetic and conservation studies of the Akebia species.     

New polymorphic microsatellite markers for the summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus

Given the ecological and commercial importance of the summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), there is a surprising paucity of information on the molecular genetics of this species. Some studies published to date are concentrated on the reproduction biology. To address this shortcoming, a microsatellite-enriched genomic DNA library of P. dentatus was generated and screened by sequencing. Twelve dinucleotide microsatellite loci were characterized by genotyping 24 samples. The observed number of alleles ranged from three to thirteen with an average of 8.25, while the effective number of alleles ranged from 2.21 to 8.28 with an average of 5.06. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0833 to 0.9583 and from 0.5594 to 0.8980, respectively. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations were detected at three loci and linkage disequilibrium between two loci was significant after applying Bonferroni correction. In cross-species amplification, three species showed at least two polymorphic loci. The 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers represent a powerful molecular tool, which will allow for detailed population genetic analyses on this important marine fish.     

Development of microsatellite markers for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metrosideros boninensis</Emphasis> (Myrtaceae), an endangered endemic plant species from the Bonin Islands,Japan

Metrosideros boninensis is an endangered endemic plant species from the Bonin Islands. We isolated and characterized nine microsatellite loci in this species. The expected heterozygosities of these nine markers ranged from 0.127 to 0.768. These markers described here will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow, and planning for conservation of M. boninensis.     

Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci from Jamaican streamertail hummingbirds (Trochilus)

We isolated and characterized 15 microsatellite loci from the endemic Jamaican streamertail hummingbird Trochilus polytmus. Loci were screened in 12 individuals of both T. polytmus and its sister species T. scitulus, also a Jamaican endemic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 1, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.038 to 0.663. These new loci provide tools for characterizing the narrow hybrid zone between the two species.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Schisandra sphenanthera

Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandraceae) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. In this study, nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized for the species. A genomic DNA enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci and polymorphism was explored using 36 individuals sampled from a natural population. The observed number of alleles ranged from 2 to 10 with an average of 5.2. Expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.30 to 0.82 and 0.33 to 0.97, respectively. These microsatellites have been directly applied to both population and conservation genetic studies of S. sphenanthera.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cupressus </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">chenggiana</Emphasis> S. Y. Hu (Cupressaceae)

Cupressus chenggiana S. Y. Hu (Cupressaceae) is an endemic and endangered conifer species in southwest China. In order to study the population genetics and design the effective conservation methods, we aimed to develop microsatellite primers for this species in the present study. We developed eight new microsatellite loci for this species through biotin capture method. Polymorphism of each locus was further assessed in 18 individuals from three geographically distant populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 11 with an average of 8.13. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.219 to 0.296 and from 0.374 to 0.470, with averages of 0.254 and 0.417, respectively. We further found that three of nine microsatellite loci developed previously for another congeneric species showed polymorphic banding patters. We performed primer-crossing tests of these loci in the other two congeneric species which are closely related to C. chenggiana (C. gigantea and C. duclouxiana). These microsatellite markers would be effective for analyzing genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this species and its morphological differentiation with the close relatives.