大豆异黄酮对电离辐射小鼠淋巴细胞的防护作用

目的研究大豆异黄酮(SI)对小鼠淋巴细胞的辐射防护作用。方法24只雄性昆明小鼠,随机分为正常对照组、辐射对照组和辐射补充0.5%SI组,喂养2周后,4.0Gy照射。照射后24 h处死小鼠,取血、胸腺和脾脏分离淋巴细胞,进行血淋巴细胞计数、观察DNA损伤情况;培养胸腺和脾脏淋巴细胞,检测3H-dT掺入量,观察淋巴细胞的增殖能力,计算淋巴细胞的增殖指数。结果辐射使小鼠胸腺和脾脏淋巴细胞数明显减少、胸腺淋巴细胞增殖能力和脾脏淋巴细胞转化指数降低、血淋巴细胞DNA损伤增加,这些变化均具有统计学意义;补充SI可降低胸腺和脾脏淋巴细胞数的减少幅度,降低胸腺淋巴细胞增殖能力和脾脏淋巴细胞转化指数下降幅度,减少辐射对血淋巴细胞DNA损伤程度,其中SI对胸腺淋巴细胞增殖能力和对血淋巴细胞DNA损伤程度的防护作用与辐射对照组相比有统计学意义。结论大豆异黄酮可对小鼠的血、胸腺和脾脏淋巴细胞有一定的辐射防护作用。     

低剂量辐射对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞三种大分子合成能力的影响

低剂量辐射生物效应的研究对辐射防护的实践十分重要。我室的研究证明,小剂量单次照射或低水平辐射持续作用对机体的免疫功能有刺激作用。为进一步探讨这一辐射刺激作用的机制,我们采用双重双标记的方法,观察了单次低剂量全身照射后小鼠脾淋巴细胞丝裂原诱导转化过程中DNA、RNA及蛋白质合成的变化。     

微生物发酵四君子汤制剂对荷瘤小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

目的探讨微生物发酵四君子汤制剂(FSJZD)对荷瘤小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法通过建立小鼠S180肿瘤模型,分别采用黄嘌呤法、硫代巴比妥酸法、硝酸还原酶法检测血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,研究FSJZD的抗氧化能力。结果 FSJZD可显著升高荷瘤小鼠及CTX治疗荷瘤小鼠所致免疫抑制模型血清中的SOD水平,明显降低CTX所致免疫抑制小鼠血清中NO和MDA含量。结论 FSJZD能够显著提高荷瘤机体的抗氧化能力、降低化疗对机体产生的危害作用。     

染料木黄酮改善γ射线损伤小鼠抗氧化功能的作用

用137Csγ射线照射雄性昆明小鼠,观察饲料中补充染料木黄酮(Genistein,Gen)对抗氧化功能的保护作用,探讨其抗辐射作用的机制。结果表明,Gen可以提高辐射小鼠脾和胸腺组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、降低血清、肝脏和胸腺组织丙二醛(MDA)水平;显著提高辐射小鼠抗氧化功能。     

沙棘Vp对辐射损伤小鼠的保护及免疫功能作用研究

本文探讨了沙棘Vp对X射线辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用。将150只昆明种小白鼠分为正常对照组、阳性对照组、辐射对照组、沙棘Vp高、中、低剂量组,雌雄各半,除了正常对照组外,其余各组小鼠接受5Gy的X射线一次性的全身均匀照射。检查各小组小鼠外周血中红细胞数、白细胞数,血小板数,测定超氧化物歧化酶的活力,丙二醛水平,小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能,小鼠血清溶血素生成能力,计算胸腺和脾脏的脏器指数。结果显示沙棘Vp对辐射后的小鼠血象有明显回升(P0.05),超氧化物歧化酶的活力显著增强(P0.05),丙二醛水平下降(P0.05),胸腺和脾脏的脏器指数升高(P0.05),并且显著提高小鼠血清溶血素生成能力,增强小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能。本研究说明,沙棘Vp对X射线辐射损伤小鼠具有一定的增强免疫及保护作用。     

家蝇幼虫提取物对辐射小鼠的免疫调节作用

研究了家蝇Musca domestica幼虫提取物对辐射小鼠的免疫调节作用。测定了小鼠的脏器官指数,NK细胞活性,T、B淋巴细胞增值活性及小鼠血清SOD活性和MDA含量等指标。结果表明：经口给予一定剂量的家蝇幼虫提取物对辐射和未辐射小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数变化有显著影响,均可提高NK细胞活性,T、B淋巴细胞增值活性及小鼠血清SOD活性,同时可降低小鼠血清中的MDA含量。结果显示家蝇幼虫提取物对辐射和未辐射小鼠均具有较好的免疫调节作用。     

PEPCK-Cmus转基因小鼠的表型鉴定

磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,PEPCK)是催化糖异生的限速酶,其在骨骼肌中表达量很低,作用尚不明确。本研究构建了在骨骼肌中特异表达PEPCK-C的转基因小鼠(PEPCK-Cmus小鼠),探讨PEPCK-C在小鼠骨骼肌中特异性表达后对运动和能量代谢的影响。结果显示,与同龄的野生型小鼠比较,PEPCK-Cmus转基因小鼠运动能力更强,胰岛素敏感性更高,血脂水平较低;骨骼肌中有明显脂肪堆积,但空腹血糖、体重、腹部脂肪体积没有差异。结果表明,PEPCK-C基因在小鼠骨骼肌中的特异性表达,提高了小鼠的运动耐力和糖平衡能力,并使血脂维持在较低水平,提示PEPCK-C基因在骨骼肌中的表达对机体的能量代谢有重要作用。     

小麦肽免疫活性及抗氧化作用的研究

本文旨在研究Alcalase水解小麦蛋白产物中免疫活性组分对小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化功能的调节作用及相互关系.实验结果表明,小麦活性肽可提高小鼠抗体生成细胞含量、血清溶血素水平、脾细胞增殖能力以及腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;小麦活性肽还可提高小鼠血清清除DPPH和清除羟自由基的能力,增强小鼠肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活力和总抗氧化能力,降低丙二醛含量.且该组分调节机体抗氧化的能力与其免疫调节作用具有一定的相关性.     

大豆异黄酮对辐射小鼠造血系统损伤防护作用的实验研究

研究大豆异黄酮(SoybeanIsoflavone,SI)对辐射损伤小鼠造血系统功能的影响。雄性昆明小鼠照射前补充SI,经4Gyγ射线照射,观察补充SI对电离辐射损伤小鼠内源性脾结节(CFU-S)数、骨髓细胞粒、巨噬系细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)数、骨髓细胞DNA含量及外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤程度的影响。结果显示SI提高了辐射损伤小鼠CFU-S数,增加了骨髓有核细胞CFU-GM数,降低外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤程度,对骨髓细胞DNA含量也有一定的增加趋势。表明SI可以提高辐射损伤小鼠造血干祖细胞的增殖能力,减轻辐射对骨髓细胞和外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损害,SI对辐射小鼠的造血系统有一定的防护作用。     

复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响

研究以乌梅、马齿苋等为主要成分的复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响。以昆明种雌性小鼠作为实验动物,试验设3个剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg·bw)和1个溶剂对照组。灌胃28 d后,检测小鼠血清以及心、肝、脾、肾组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。复方中草药提取物在100、200、400 mg/kg·bw三个剂量水平上均可导致小鼠血清、心、肝、脾、肾组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著增强,降低小鼠上述组织中MDA含量,并呈现剂量反应关系。本研究中的复方中草药提取物可提高昆明种雌性小鼠机体的抗氧化能力,具有潜在的研究价值。     

Parasitization of potato tuber moth eggs (Lep., Gelechiidae) from irradiated adults by Trichogramma (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) and control of moth population with combined releases of sterile insect and egg parasitoid

Abstract:  Eggs of the potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) obtained from 150 or 300 Gy-irradiated moths, either inbred or out-crossed to untreated counterparts, were offered as host material to three generalist Trichogramma species; Trichogramma cacoeciae , Trichogramma evanescens , and Trichogramma principium , to determine the ability of these egg parasitoids to develop in F₁ sterile eggs. All eggs laid by the different parental crosses at 150 or 300 Gy, were acceptable and suitable for Trichogramma development. However, in no choice and paired comparison tests, eggs from 300 Gy-irradiated parents were significantly less preferred compared with eggs laid by non-irradiated moths. No intra-specific differences for PTM sterile eggs were recorded among the tested Trichogramma species. The mean number of wasps emerging from each egg types was not affected by an interaction between parental crosses and applied doses. Overall, this study demonstrates that release of irradiated and non-irradiated moths at a 5 : 1 over-flooding ratio and Trichogramma over potatoes in small plexiglass boxes, is complementary and more effective in reducing PTM F₁-emerged progeny than either technique used alone. The results provide baseline data for developing an integrated control approach by using inherited sterility technique in conjunction with Trichogramma for PTM population suppression.     

Effect of gamma irradiation on sperm utilization in twice-mated female Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lep., Gelechiidae)

The effects of the second mating on fecundity and fertility of potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), when females were mated with 450 Gy-irradiated and normal males or vice versa, were studied. The percentage of eggs fertilized by sperm of the second mating (P₂ value) was 0.99, indicating that sperm transferred during the last mating were predominantly utilized in egg fertilization. Females, mated first with irradiated males, remated after 2 days, whereas those mated with normal males, remated after 3.3 days. Fecundity of twice-mated females was higher than those mated only once. Females started to lay their eggs 1.9 days after the first mating, regardless of the type of male. However, virgin females did not lay eggs at all. Duration of copulation varied from 102 to 117 min for normal and irradiated males, respectively. The present study elucidated important aspects of mating behaviour of PTM which could improve the efficiency of its control by the sterile insect technique.     

X射线辐射对仔鼠消化酶活性及胃中Bax和Ghrelin表达的影响

为了探讨X射线辐射对仔鼠胃蛋白酶活性、十二指肠脂肪酶活性及胃中Bax蛋白和Ghrelin表达的影响,对170只仔鼠用不同辐射剂量（0,4,12,20,28 Gy）X射线进行全身辐射,分别在辐射后1,5,10,20 d用比色法检测仔鼠胃蛋白酶活性和十二指肠中脂肪酶活性的变化,用免疫组织化学方法检测胃中Bax蛋白和Ghrelin的表达和分布,并用Image-proplus 5.0专业图像分析软件检测Bax蛋白和Ghrelin在胃中的表达强度。结果表明,X射线辐射影响发育期仔鼠胃蛋白酶和十二指肠脂肪酶的活性以及胃中Bax蛋白和Ghrelin的表达。仔鼠胃蛋白酶活性除在辐射后1 d时高于对照组外,其它辐射后各期均低于对照组,仔鼠十二指肠中脂肪酶活性在辐射后均低于对照组;Bax蛋白主要在仔鼠胃黏膜上皮细胞中表达,其表达水平随辐射剂量的增大而增强;Ghrelin主要在胃内分泌细胞中表达,辐射后其表达水平降低。X射线辐射影响仔鼠消化酶活性,这可能与胃中Bax蛋白和Ghrelin的表达变化有关。     

不同剂量的X-射线全身照射对小鼠健康状况及涎腺的影响

目的:通过直线加速器全身照射昆明小鼠建立辐射损伤模型,探索不同放射剂量对小鼠健康状况及涎腺功能和结构的影响。方法:选取八种不同剂量对昆明小鼠行体外全身照射,于照射后一个月内观察小鼠生长情况、体重变化;照射后一周、一个月检测各组小鼠血象的变化;测定放射半数致死剂量;照射后两个月,测定各组小鼠的唾液流量及唾液淀粉酶含量,并对下颌下腺组织切片行HE染色。结果:13Gy和15Gy照射组小鼠的体重逐渐下降,一周后死亡,其余组小鼠体重最终呈增加趋势。X-射线全身照射的半数致死量为10Gy。照射后一周,照射组小鼠的白细胞数目明显降低,与对照组比较有明显统计学差异(P0.01);在其他血象方面,除了7Gy组外,其他照射组与对照组比较也均有统计学差异(P0.05)。照射一个月后,各照射组小鼠的血象均恢复正常。照射后两个月,9Gy组和11Gy组小鼠的唾液流量及唾液淀粉酶含量均显著低于0Gy组,且11Gy组较9Gy组亦明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。随照射剂量的增加,小鼠的下颌下腺腺泡细胞数目逐步减少,结构排列紊乱,组织损伤逐渐加重。结论:X-射线全身照射引起小鼠健康状况受损,免疫功能减低,损伤程度与放射线强度呈剂量依赖性,小鼠半数致死量为10Gy,该剂量适合建立全身放射损伤模型。     

Wnt/beta-catenin信号通路关键因子在放射性肺纤维化中的作用

目的：观察直线加速器X射线照射对人肺成纤维细胞(HLFs)Wnt/beta-catenin 信号通路关键信号因子的影响并探讨其意义。方 法：HLFs分别经直线加速器0Gy、5Gy、8Gy X线照射后,MTT 比色法检测其增殖活性,筛选合适照射剂量。人肺成纤维细胞分为 照射组(R 组)和正常对照组(C 组),R 组经直线加速器X射线,5 Gy 照射24 h后,免疫荧光检测成纤维细胞alpha-SMA表达,Western blot检测成纤维细胞中GSK-3beta、p-GSK-3beta表达。结果：X 线5 Gy照射剂量可使人肺成纤维细胞增殖活力增强,较0 Gy、8 Gy增 殖曲线明显。照射组人肺成纤维细胞形态较正常组有明显差异。照射组人肺成纤维细胞琢-SMA,p-GSK-3beta表达水平升高, p-GSK-3beta/GSK-3beta比值升高,与正常对照组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：Wnt/beta-catenin 信号通路在放射性肺损伤的发生 发展中起调控作用,可能为放射性肺纤维化的治疗提供了新视角。     

Skin cancer after X-ray treatment for scalp ringworm

Some 2,224 children given X-ray therapy for tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) have been followed for up to 50 years to determine cancer incidence, along with a control group of 1,380 tinea capitis patients given only topical medications. The study found a relative risk (RR) of 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 2.3-5.9) for basal cell skin cancer (BCC) of the head and neck among irradiated Caucasians (124 irradiated cases and 21 control cases), in response to a scalp dose of about 4.8 Gy. No melanomas of the head and neck have been seen, and only a few squamous cell carcinomas. About 40% of irradiated cases have had multiple BCCs, for a total of 328 BCCs. Although 25% of both the irradiated and control groups are African-American, only 3 skin cancers have been seen among them, all in the irradiated group, indicating the importance of susceptibility to UV radiation as a cofactor. Light complexion, severe sunburning and North European ancestry were predictive of BCC risk in the irradiated group, but chronic sun exposure was not. Children irradiated at young ages had the highest BCC risk. The RR for BCC risk is approximately constant with time since exposure, suggesting that risk will probably last for a lifetime.     

Histopathologic effects of soluble glucan and WR-2721, independently and combined in C3H/HeN mice.

Soluble glucan, an immunomodulator, and Walter Reed (WR)-2721, a radioprotectant, increase postirradiation survival when administered before and after exposure, respectively. Combined, these agents act synergistically through WR-2721's ability to spare hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from radiation injury and glucan's ability to subsequently stimulate spared cells to proliferate. In this study, the histopathologic effects of WR-2721 (200 mg/kg, ip) and glucan (250 mg/kg, iv), at doses capable of increasing survival in lethally irradiated mice, were evaluated in unirradiated and irradiated female C3H/HeN mice. After treatment, whole body weights and wet organ weights of liver, spleen, and kidney, as well as gross and histologic changes in these and other tissues, were monitored on Days 1, 4, 7, 11, 15, 21, and 28. Morphometric studies of splenic white and red pulps were also performed. Soluble glucan, with or without WR-2721, in unirradiated groups, was associated with splenomegaly, transient morphometrically determined perturbations of white and red pulp areas, and histologic alterations of white pulp. In irradiated mice, splenic weight loss was initially dampened in glucan groups and accompanied by morphologic and histologic changes similar to those seen in unirradiated counterparts. The subsequent rebound of splenic parameters in irradiated mice was limited to WR-2721-treated mice and was associated with hematopoietic reconstitution. Glucan, with or without WR-2721, in unirradiated groups was associated with transient hepatomegaly and associated histologic changes. Similar changes in irradiated animals were seen only in the combined treatment group.     

Effects of a small X-ray exposure to Drosophila melanogaster females on the recovery of genetic damage from X-irradiated males.

Wild-type (Oregon-K) Drosophila melanogaster males were X-irradiated and mated to Oster females (y sc^s1 In49sc⁸; bw; st p^p) that had received a 20 R X-ray exposure (Group MF) or no irradiation (group M). Mature spermatozoa of the irradiated males were sampled and the frequencies of dominant lethals, sex-linked recessive lethals and 2–3 translocations were measured. In the group in which the irradiated males were mated to irradiated females, the survival of eggs was significantly higher than in the group in which only the males were irradiated. However, there was no consistent and detectable difference between the two groups with respect to the frequencies of recessive lethals and translocations.The relatively higher egg survival in the MF group is amenable to an interpretation based on an inducible repair process in females that acts on radiation damage induced in spermatozoa but, such an explanation is inadequate to explain the other results. It is concluded that the observations considered together preclude a general and unifying interpretation based on a low-dose-X-ray-inducible genetic repair process in females (acting on damage in spermatozoa). Possible reasons for the discrepancy between the expectation of differences in response between the MF and M groups (in sex-linked lethal and translocation frequencies) and the observation of no consistent differences between them are discussed.     

Functional analysis tools for post‐translational modification: a post‐translational modification database for analysis of proteins and metabolic pathways

Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) are critical regulators of protein function, and nearly 200 different types of PTM have been identified. Advances in high‐resolution mass spectrometry have led to the identification of an unprecedented number of PTM sites in numerous organisms, potentially facilitating a more complete understanding of how PTMs regulate cellular behavior. While databases have been created to house the resulting data, most of these resources focus on individual types of PTM, do not consider quantitative PTM analyses or do not provide tools for the visualization and analysis of PTM data. Here, we describe the Functional Analysis Tools for Post‐Translational Modifications (FAT‐PTM) database ( https://bioinformatics.cse.unr.edu/fat-ptm/ ), which currently supports eight different types of PTM and over 49 000 PTM sites identified in large‐scale proteomic surveys of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. The FAT‐PTM database currently supports tools to visualize protein‐centric PTM networks, quantitative phosphorylation site data from over 10 different quantitative phosphoproteomic studies, PTM information displayed in protein‐centric metabolic pathways and groups of proteins that are co‐modified by multiple PTMs. Overall, the FAT‐PTM database provides users with a robust platform to share and visualize experimentally supported PTM data, develop hypotheses related to target proteins or identify emergent patterns in PTM data for signaling and metabolic pathways.