香露兜叶的抗氧化活性(英文)

本文评价了香露兜叶的乙醇提取物以及石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水相组分的抗氧化活性。在体外测定了提取物和组分的总抗氧化活性,二苯代苦味肼基(DPPH)自由基清除活性,超氧阴离子自由基清除活性和铁离子还原能力,并利用分光光度法测定了其总酚和总黄酮的含量。结果表明,所有的提取物和组分均表现出抗氧化和自由基清除活性。抗氧化活性的大小如下:正丁醇部分>乙酸乙酯部分>乙醇提取物>水部分>石油醚部分。总酚含量的顺序和其相似,说明提取物和组分中的酚类化合物使其具有抗氧化活性。香露兜叶提取物可能会成为有价值的天然抗氧化资源,并将在保健品和食品中得到应用。     

不同培养方式对牛樟芝活性组分的影响

牛樟芝因含有多种活性成分且在抗癌、保肝等方面有着良好的功效而备受关注。本文考察了固态发酵以及不同液态发酵方式对牛樟芝活性产物的影响。结果显示,固态发酵不同谷物对活性产物的合成有明显的影响,青稞作为发酵谷物基质,其活性产物种类多且含量高,Antrodin C、Antroquinonol产量分别为5 901.27 mg/kg、3 715.76 mg/kg。常规液态发酵菌丝体中主要含有Antrodins类化合物,以Antrodin C为主,但不能合成Antroquinonol类化合物。通过添加前体物辅酶Q_0可以诱导牛樟芝菌丝体在液态发酵中合成Antroquinonol;在此基础上,添加植物油进行同步萃取发酵,能够显著提高牛樟芝菌丝体活性成分种类和产量,除了诱导合成Antroquinonol之外,还有大量Antroquinonol B合成;同时,大多数活性成分在发酵过程中不断被富集萃取,Antrodin C、Antroquinonol产量分别为289.80 mg/L、95.39 mg/L。Antrodin C产量比常规液态发酵提高了7.06倍,而Antroquinonol产量比诱导发酵提高了203.89%。     

樟芝发酵液和菌丝体提取物抗氧化性能研究

采用甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇对樟芝发酵液和菌丝体进行提取,对其不同提取物进行还原力,DPPH、羟基自由基、超氧自由基、过氧化氢清除能力,亚铁离子螯合能力等抗氧化能力的测定。比较发酵液提取物和菌丝体提取物的抗氧化效果,比较不同提取剂提取物的抗氧化效果。结果显示:(1)发酵液提取物还原力最高的为异丙醇提取物,亚铁离子螯合能力最强的为乙醇提取物;DPPH清除能力乙醇和异丙醇提取物最高都达到97.88%;羟基自由基清除能力最高的为乙醇提取物,达到84.22%;3种提取物的超氧自由基清除能力都较高,具有最高清除率的异丙醇提取物达到94.89%;过氧化氢清除能力最高的为乙醇提取物的97.53%。(2)菌丝体提取物还原力最高和亚铁离子螯合能力最强的均为乙醇提取物;DPPH清除能力最高的为乙醇提取物的89.95%;3种提取物的羟基自由基清除能力普遍偏低,最高的仅为异丙醇提取物的37.28%;超氧自由基清除能力则普遍较高,最高为甲醇提取物的90.05%;过氧化氢清除能力最高的为乙醇和异丙醇提取物,最高清除率均为95.06%。抗氧化性能的研究比较,为进一步开发利用樟芝提供了依据。     

益智的抗氧化作用

本文探讨了益智(Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel)超临界CO2提取物及其渣的水提物、正丙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化作用,测定了总酚含量、黄酮含量、抗氧化力、还原能力、DPPH清除率.结果表明,益智超临界CO2提取物和正丙醇提取物的总酚含量最高,均为5.53%,乙酸乙酯提取物的总酚含量为4.04%,水提物总酚含量最低,为O.89%.抗氧化力与酚含量相关(R2=0.703).四种提取物中黄酮含量顺序为:乙酸乙酯提取物(6.29%)＞丙醇提取物(5.81%)＞水提取物(4.85%)＞超临界CO2提取物(4.70%).在还原能力、清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基方面,乙酸乙酯提取物表现出了很强的抗氧化能力,呈现剂量依赖关系.     

蓝莓果渣提取物总酚含量及抗氧化活性研究

研究了蓝莓果渣提取物总酚含量及其抗氧化活性。分别采用水、40%乙醇及纤维素酶辅助乙醇超声提取蓝莓果渣,并用Folin-Ciocalteu试剂对3种提取物的总酚含量进行评估;并采用DPPH清除实验及O2—.清除实验对3种提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究。实验结果表明,纤维素酶辅助超声提取蓝莓果渣的总酚含量最高,可达425.36±15.21 mg GAE.100 g-1DW,远远高于水提物(169.46±9.75 mg GAE.100 g-1DW)及醇提物(218.39±12.54mg GAE.100 g-1DW)中的总酚含量。且纤维素酶辅助乙醇超声提取物对DPPH的清除能力为2.67±0.13 gVc.100 g-1DW,对O—.2的清除能力2.48±0.14 g Vc.100 g-1DW,明显好于醇提物及水提物抗氧化活性。     

李氏块菌提取物抗氧化活性的研究

对李氏块菌Tuber liyuanum子实体的不同提取物,包括甲醇提取物(ME)、乙醇提取物(EE)、丙酮提取物(AE)、正丁醇提取物(BAE)和乙酸乙酯提取物(EAE),进行清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、铁离子螯合能力、还原力以及总酚含量的测定和研究,发现ME对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除及还原力活性最高,EC50值分别为23.37mg/m L、11.65mg/m L和24.47mg/m L;EE对羟基自由基清除和铁离子螯合能力活性最高,EC50值分别为7.24mg/m L和小于0.5mg/m L;ME的总酚含量最高(3.08mg GAE/g提取物),其次是EE(1.34mg GAE/g提取物),提取物总酚含量与抗氧化活性呈现出一定的正相关性。     

柱状田头菇（茶树菇）子实体物理改性后体外抗氧化活性研究

研究了柱状田头菇子实体经物理改性前后70%乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性,结果显示超高压处理过的样品的自由基清除能力、还原力、铁鳌合能力、总抗氧化活性和总酚含量均高于对照;超微粉碎样品的抗氧化能力略低于超高压样品,但仍优于对照;各种样品的浓度与抗氧化能力正相关。物理改性通过改变物料的相对含量与结构强化了柱状田头菇抗氧化的功能特性。     

不同种桑黄子实体醇提物化学组成及抗氧化活性比较

本研究以产自安徽的鲍姆桑黄、产自浙江和吉林的瓦尼桑黄、产自山东的粗毛纤孔菌以及采自山西的野生桑树桑黄为研究对象,检测桑黄子实体乙醇提取物中的总多酚、三萜及麦角甾醇含量。结果表明：不同物种和不同来源的桑黄子实体中总多酚、三萜、麦角甾醇含量存在差异,其中总多酚含量最高的是产自浙江的瓦尼桑黄(1.99%),三萜含量最高的是产自山东的粗毛纤孔菌(产孢前,1.32%),麦角甾醇含量最高的是产自吉林的瓦尼桑黄(0.19%)。以丙二醛(MDA)为指标比较不同来源桑黄子实体乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,4种桑黄子实体提取物对大鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化酶MDA的产生均表现出良好的抑制能力,其中浙江桑黄抗氧化活性最佳,MDA抑制率达到96.53%。应用液相色谱-离子阱-飞行时间质谱联用(LC-IT-TOF-MS)技术从桑黄子实体的乙醇提取物中鉴定了19种化合物,其中浙江的瓦尼桑黄、吉林的瓦尼桑黄和安徽的鲍姆桑黄子实体的化合物组成较为相似,主要为hispidin的衍生物;野生的桑树桑黄子实体主要产物也为hispidin衍生物,但结构类型不同于上述3种桑黄;山东的粗毛纤孔菌子实体中则含有大量的hispidin...     

固态发酵苦荞制备多肽菌种的筛选

【目的】筛选固态发酵苦荞高产多肽及发酵产物液具有抗菌、抗氧化活性的菌株。【方法】采用米曲霉、酱油曲霉、雅致放射毛霉和少孢根霉分别对苦荞进行固态发酵,以蛋白酶活力、水解度、可溶性肽得率、抑菌率和体外自由基清除率作为筛菌指标。【结果】米曲霉固态发酵苦荞的可溶性肽得率最高达38.83%±1.18%,发酵产物液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为96.62%±1.66%和97.54%±0.54%,同时羟自由基(·OH)清除率和二苯基苦味酰基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)清除率分别为55.65%±1.25%和10.84%±1.03%。对米曲霉发酵2 d发酵产物液的不同分子量分布及活性分析表明,分子量大小对抗菌及抗氧化活性有一定的影响。【结论】米曲霉可作为固态发酵苦荞制备多肽且发酵产物液具有抗菌及抗氧化活性的最佳菌株,并在多肽产量提升及抗菌、抗氧化活性的研究上具有巨大空间。     

天山雪莲不同器官中黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化活性分析

研究了天山雪莲不同部位的总黄酮、总酚含量及抗氧化活性。以天山雪莲根、茎、叶、花、花苞片为材料,测定其80%乙醇提取物的总黄酮含量、总酚含量、Fe3+还原力和对DPPH自由基的清除率。结果表明,天山雪莲中总黄酮和总酚的含量高低依次为叶花苞片≈花根茎;对Fe3+还原能力大小次序是叶花苞片花根茎;对DPPH的清除能力依次为叶≈花苞片花根茎。实验结果表明叶片可以作为天山雪莲采摘和药用的主要部位;天山雪莲花苞片中可能含有黄酮和酚类之外的抗氧化物质。     

氨基酸对青稞酒酿造微生物群落演替及风味代谢的驱动

【背景】环境因素是微生物生长代谢的重要驱动因素,因此,解析其对白酒酿造过程中微生物群落演替的影响对青稞酒的可控化生产具有重要作用。氨基酸作为微生物生长代谢的重要营养底物以及环境因素,其对微生物群落演替的作用尚不明确。【目的】揭示环境因素对青稞酒发酵过程中微生物群落演替及风味代谢的驱动作用。【方法】通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对比检测肚里黄和瓦蓝两种青稞原料酿造青稞酒过程中风味物质变化情况;采用高通量扩增子测序及多元统计分析比较两种青稞酒醅中微生物群落结构特征;结合蒙特卡洛置换检验确定环境因素对微生物的影响;通过模拟发酵对以上研究结果进行验证。【结果】肚里黄青稞酒醅中酯类化合物的含量及其发酵后期乳酸杆菌相对丰度和氨基酸含量显著低于瓦蓝酒醅(P<0.05);通过生物信息学分析发现,环境因素中游离氨基酸是青稞酒发酵过程微生物群落演替重要的推动因素,且乳酸杆菌相对丰度与游离氨基酸呈显著相关;模拟发酵实验证实了特定氨基酸不足会影响乳酸杆菌生长。【结论】揭示了青稞酒发酵过程中游离氨基酸对微生物群落组装的驱动作用,进而影响青稞酒的风味品质,为青稞酒的可控发酵提供理论基础。     

Brazilian Kefir-Fermented Sheep’s Milk,a Source of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Peptides

Fermented milks are a source of bioactive peptides and may be considered as functional foods. Among these, sheep’s milk fermented with kefir has not been widely studied and its most relevant properties need to be more thoroughly characterized. This research study is set out to investigate and evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of peptides from fermented sheep’s milk in Brazil when produced by using kefir. For this, the chemical and microbiological composition of the sheep’s milk before and after the fermentation was evaluated. The changes in the fermented milk and the peptides extracted before the fermentation and in the fermented milk during its shelf life were verified. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the peptides from the fermented milk were evaluated and identified according to the literature. The physicochemical properties and mineral profile of the fermented milk were like those of fresh milk. The peptide extract presented antimicrobial activity and it was detected that 13 of the 46 peptides were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. A high antioxidant activity was observed in the peptides extracted from fermented milk (3.125 mg/mL) on the 28th day of storage. Two fractions displayed efficient radical scavenging properties by DPPH and ABTS methods. At least 11 peptides distributed in the different fractions were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. This sheep’s milk fermented by Brazilian kefir grains, which has antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and probiotic microorganisms, is a good candidate for further investigation as a source for bioactive peptides. The fermentation process was thus a means by which to produce potential bioactive peptides.     

Protection of oxidative damage by aqueous extract from Antrodia camphorata mycelia in normal human erythrocytes

Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is well known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of aqueous extract from A. camphorata mycelia to protect normal human erythrocytes against oxidative damage in vitro. Oxidative hemolysis and lipid/protein peroxidation of erythrocytes induced by the aqueous peroxyl radical [2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, AAPH] were suppressed by A. camphorata mycelia in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. A. camphorata mycelia also prevented the depletion of cytosolic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and ATP in erythrocytes. Moreover, cultured human endothelial cell damage induced by AAPH was suppressed by A. camphorata mycelia. Interestingly, A. camphorata mycelia exhibited significant cytotoxicity against leukemia HL-60 cells but not against cultured human endothelial cells. These results imply that A. camphorata mycelia may have protective antioxidant and anticancer properties.     

牛樟芝固态发酵产物的降胆固醇作用

本实验主要探究牛樟芝(S-29)固态发酵产物对高脂饮食小鼠胆固醇调节的影响。小鼠随机分为正常组、高脂模型组、护肝片阳性对照组、固态发酵组及液态发酵组;小鼠经高脂饲料喂养6周,相应物质灌胃4周。检测小鼠血清及肝脏相关指标; q-PCR检测胆固醇代谢相关基因的mRNA表达量。结果表明,与模型组比较,固态发酵组小鼠血清游离脂肪酸(NEFA)及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)浓度显著降低,分别降低了38. 5%和40. 7%;肝脏总胆固醇(TC)浓度显著降低,降低了23. 5%;低密度脂蛋白受体(LDL-R)的mRNA表达量显著增加,增加了3. 6倍。结果证明,牛樟芝固态发酵产物具有较好的降胆固醇作用,其主要机制可能是通过上调LDL-R基因的表达,以促进胆固醇的分解代谢,进而降低小鼠体内胆固醇浓度。     

基于人工神经网络-遗传算法的樟芝发酵培养基优化

采用优化模型对药用丝状真菌樟芝的复杂发酵过程进行建模,并获得最优发酵培养基组成.对樟芝发酵过程中的形态变化过程进行了观察,并分别采用人工神经网络(ANN)和响应面法(RSM)对樟芝发酵过程进行建模,同时采用遗传算法(GA)优化了发酵培养基组成.结果表明,ANN模型比RSM模型具有更好的实验数据拟合能力和预测能力,GA计算得到樟芝生物量理论最大值为6.2 g/L,并获得发酵最佳接种量及培养基组成:孢子浓度1.76× 105个/mL,葡萄糖29.1 g/L,蛋白胨9.4 g/L,黄豆粉2.8 g/L.在最佳培养条件下,樟芝生物量为(6.1±0.2)g/L.基于ANN-GA的优化方法可用于优化其他丝状真菌的复杂发酵过程,从而获得生物量或活性代谢产物.     

Modulation of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of maize by solid state fermentation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thamnidium elegans</Emphasis> CCF 1456

Thamnidium elegans CCF 1456, a filamentous fungus, was used to enhance the total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of maize via solid-state fermentation. Thamnidium fermented maize (TFM) and unfermented maize (UFM) grains were extracted with 65% ethanol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Total phenolic content (TPC), and radical scavenging capacity — determined with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and radical cations of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS^·+) found for TFM — were significantly (P < 0.05) higher on the 5^th day of incubation than that of UFM extracts. A linear correlation was observed among TPC, DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, and also among TPC and various carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes (α-amylase, β-glucosidase and xylanase), suggesting that this? strategy may help to enrich? TFM with improved phytochemical properties and antioxidant activities.     

青稞酒发酵过程中的风味功能微生物及其风味代谢特征解析

[背景]青稞酒是一个多菌种固态发酵的产物,解析发酵过程中重要的功能微生物及其代谢特征对调控青稞酒发酵具有重要作用。[目的]揭示青稞酒发酵过程中的风味功能微生物并解析其风味代谢特征。[方法]基于高通量测序技术揭示青稞酒发酵过程中的微生物群落多样性和组成;采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱技术跟踪酒醅的风味信息;通过微生物属与风味物质的关联分析揭示青稞酒发酵过程中风味功能微生物菌群,并采用蒙特卡洛检验分析进一步揭示发酵过程理化因子对风味功能微生物菌群的影响;于实验室环境下重构6株微生物发酵体系,以揭示其风味代谢特征。[结果]青稞酒发酵过程中9个真菌属和8个细菌属(相对丰度>1%)占据优势,其中Aspergillus、Komagataella、Lactobacillus、Pichia、Saccharomyces和Weissella是青稞酒发酵过程主要风味功能微生物;发酵过程中还原糖(r^2=0.946 9,P=0.013 2)和酸度(r^2=0.847 6,P=0.048 6)是驱动风味功能微生物菌群演替的关键因子;6株菌的组合发酵实验揭示了体外系统与原位系统具有相同的微生物演替现象与相似的风味轮廓。[结论]研究揭示了青稞酒发酵过程关键的风味功能微生物以及驱动该菌群演替的重要环境因子,并通过组合发酵实验验证了这些微生物的风味代谢特征,为青稞酒发酵过程的风味调控提供了新的视角。     

Influence of solid state fermentation by Trichoderma spp. on solubility,phenolic content,antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of commercial turmeric

The influence of solid state fermentation (SSF) by Trichoderma spp. on the solubility, total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of turmeric was determined and compared with unfermented turmeric. The solubility of turmeric was monitored by increase in its phenolic content. The total phenolic content of turmeric extracted by 80% methanol and water after SSF by six species of Trichoderma spp. increased significantly from 2.5 to 11.3–23.3 and from 0.5 to 13.5–20.4 GAE/g DW, respectively. The antioxidant activities of fermented turmeric were enhanced using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The antibacterial activity of fermented turmeric against human-pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Entreococcus faecalis, Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosae showed a broad spectrum inhibitory effect. In conclusion, the results indicated the potentials of using fermented turmeric as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial material for food applications.