共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 201 毫秒
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介孔纳米二氧化硅作为抗肿瘤药物载体,在癌症治疗上的应用越来越受到关注。介孔纳米二氧化硅不仅可实现药物的有效递送,而且可显著提高药物的生物利用度。功能化介孔纳米二氧化硅还能提高药物对肿瘤细胞的靶向性,实现药物的特异性按需释放。该新型纳米载体在癌症治疗中具有非常广阔的应用前景。本文对介孔纳米二氧化硅作为药物载体在多种癌症治疗中的应用,以及不同表面修饰物对药物载体递送的影响和优势加以综述,并对功能化介孔纳米二氧化硅载体对提高药物抗癌活性和靶向性的积极作用提出了展望。 相似文献
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新型功能性纳米材料在设计和制备技术方面的进步为纳米医学的发展提供了很大的机遇。在过去十年中,介孔碳纳米材料在制备和应用方面获得了巨大的进步。作为一种新型无机材料体系,介孔碳纳米材料结合了介孔的结构以及碳质组成的特点,显示出不同于传统介孔二氧化硅以及其它一些碳基材料体系(碳纳米管、石墨烯、富勒烯等)的优越特性。介孔碳纳米材料在药物的吸附与控释、光热治疗、协同治疗、肿瘤细胞的荧光标记、催化、生物传感、生物大分子的分离等诸多领域表现出其他多孔材料难以达到的优越性和应用潜力。本文对介孔碳纳米材料的制备和修饰技术进行介绍,重点关注介孔碳纳米颗粒在药物负载和光热控释方面的应用,最后对介孔碳纳米材料在生物医学领域的应用前景和所面临的关键问题进行讨论。 相似文献
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《生物技术通报》2018,(9)
介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(Mesoporous silica nanoparticles,MSNs)是一种表面多孔的无机纳米粒子,具有粒子和孔的大小可调节,大的表面积和孔体积,可进行表面修饰以及良好的生物相容性等特点被广泛应用于医疗领域作为抗癌药物的递送载体。目前,将MSNs与功能核酸(Functional nucleic acids,FNA)进行良好结合并制备生物传感器应用于检测技术领域的研究主要偏向于把FNA固定在MSNs表面,通过FNA结构的改变实现介孔中客体分子的可控释放,进一步转换为荧光信号、电信号等进行检测。综述了MSNs的基本属性、制备及其应用,重点介绍了几类基于MSNs的功能核酸生物传感器,讨论了介孔二氧化硅介导的功能核酸检测技术在应用研究中的实际意义及其存在的问题,最后展望了该项技术的发展前景,可能面临的机遇及挑战,以期能够进一步促进介孔二氧化硅介导的功能核酸检测技术在实际中的应用。 相似文献
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介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(Mesoporous silica nanoparticles,MSNs)是一种表面多孔的无机纳米粒子,具有粒子和孔的大小可调节,大的表面积和孔体积,可进行表面修饰以及良好的生物相容性等特点被广泛应用于医疗领域作为抗癌药物的递送载体。目前,将MSNs与功能核酸(Functional nucleic acids,FNA)进行良好结合并制备生物传感器应用于检测技术领域的研究主要偏向于把FNA固定在MSNs表面,通过FNA结构的改变实现介孔中客体分子的可控释放,进一步转换为荧光信号、电信号等进行检测。综述了MSNs的基本属性、制备及其应用,重点介绍了几类基于MSNs的功能核酸生物传感器,讨论了介孔二氧化硅介导的功能核酸检测技术在应用研究中的实际意义及其存在的问题,最后展望了该项技术的发展前景,可能面临的机遇及挑战,以期能够进一步促进介孔二氧化硅介导的功能核酸检测技术在实际中的应用。 相似文献
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高分子囊泡作为一种新型的纳米药物载体,具有生物可降解性、稳定性、生物相容性及可修饰的多功能化等特点。改变聚合物种类和亲水-疏水嵌段的比例,可以制备具有不同形态和膜特性的高分子囊泡。经过修饰后的高分子囊泡,可赋予其更多的功能,从而实现药物的控释和药物靶向的能力。对高分子囊泡的结构、组成和制备方法以及在药物释放体系的应用等方面进行了较为详细的综述,目的是了解高分子囊泡最新研究进展以及未来科学家们亟须解决的重要问题。 相似文献
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鼠多瘤病毒(murine polyomavirus,MPV)的病毒样颗粒(virus-like particle,VLP)是通过MPV的衣壳结构蛋白VP1自组装而成的球形纳米壳状结构. MPV VLP具有独特的纳米结构,在一定条件下能够进行体内或体外自组装,具有丰富的可修饰位点.因此,容易通过结构的修饰改造实现MPV VLP在诸多领域的应用.本文从MPV VLP的结构特点着眼,回顾MPV VLP的发现历程,介绍MPV VLP的制备表达系统和组装机理,综述MPV VLP的修饰.重点介绍化学修饰和基因工程修饰方法,并通过实例阐述MPV VLP在疫苗开发、药物及其他分子载体等领域的应用及其研究进展.基于对已有研究进展的分析,指出大规模生产、组装机理解析及其应用研究的关键环节,服务于MPV VLP的应用开发. 相似文献
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《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2020,1864(2):129354
BackgroundNanodiamonds (NDs) provide a unique multitasking system for drug delivery and fluorescent imaging in biological environments. Owing to their quantum properties, NDs are expected to be employed as multifunctional probes in the future for the accurate visualization of biophysical parameters such as temperature and magnetic fields. However, the use of NDs for the selective targeting of the biomolecules of interest within a complicated biological system remains a challenge. One of the most promising solutions is the appropriate surface design of NDs based on organic chemistry and biochemistry. The engineered NDs have high biocompatibility and dispersibility in a biological environment and hence undergo cellular uptake through specific pathways.Scope of reviewThis review focuses on the selective targeting of NDs for biomedical and biophysical applications from the viewpoint of ND surface functionalizations and modifications. These pretreatments make possible the specific targeting of biomolecules of interest on or in a cell by NDs via a designed biochemical route.Major conclusionsThe surface of NDs is covalently or noncovalently modified with silica, polymers, or biomolecules to reshape them, control their size, and enhance the colloidal stability and biomolecular selectivity toward the biomolecules of interest. Electroporation, chemical treatment, injection, or endocytosis are the methods generally adopted to introduce NDs into living cells. The pathway, efficiency, and the cell viability depend on the selected method.General significanceIn the biomedical field, the surface modification facilitates specific delivery of a drug, leading to a higher therapeutic efficacy. In biophysical applications, the surface modification paves the way for the accurate measurement of physical parameters to gain a better understanding of various cell functions. 相似文献
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抗癌药物的毒副作用限制了其临床应用,纳米药物载体可实现药物在病灶部位的聚集而不影响正常组织,从而降低药物毒副作用.在药物载体表面修饰靶向配体,以提高药物载体主动靶向进入到细胞的能力,可有效地将药物释放到靶细胞,大大提高药效.核酸适配体(aptamer)作为一种新型的靶向分子,近几年已被运用到靶向药物传递的研究中.本文介绍了几种适配体靶向载药体系,如适配体-药物、适配体-脂质体、适配体-聚合物胶束、适配体-聚合物纳米颗粒、适配体-金属颗粒以及适配体-支化聚合物等载药体系,并对当前研究的热点以及存在的问题和不足进行了评述. 相似文献
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微流控芯片技术作为近年来最前沿的分析技术之一,已经在化学、生物学、医药学等研究领域取得了突破性的进展.微流控芯片具有高通量、微型化和多功能集成化等独特优势,已经成为生物医学研究的新平台之一,被越来越多地应用于秀丽隐杆线虫的研究.综述了基于微流控芯片上的秀丽隐杆线虫在生物医学领域中的研究进展,侧重介绍了微流控芯片在线虫的自动化固定、行为学、衰老与发育学、神经学、药物筛选及基因筛选等六大方面所取得的最新进展,并展望了微流控芯片的应用前景. 相似文献
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Ali Bouamrani Ye Hu Ennio Tasciotti Li Li Ciro Chiappini Xuewu Liu Mauro Ferrari 《Proteomics》2010,10(3):496-505
The advanced properties of mesoporous silica have been demonstrated in applications, which include chemical sensing, filtration, catalysis, drug delivery and selective biomolecular uptake. These properties depend on the architectural, physical and chemical properties of the material, which in turn are determined by the processing parameters in evaporation‐induced self‐assembly. In this study, we introduce a combinatorial approach for the removal of the high molecular weight proteins and for the specific isolation and enrichment of low molecular weight species. This approach is based on mesoporous silica chips able to fractionate, selectively harvest and protect from enzymatic degradation, peptides and proteins present in complex human biological fluids. We present the characterization of the harvesting properties of a wide range of mesoporous chips using a library of peptides and proteins standard and their selectivity on the recovery of serum peptidome. Using MALDI‐TOF‐MS, we established the correlation between the harvesting specificity and the physicochemical properties of mesoporous silica surfaces. The introduction of this mesoporous material with fine controlled properties will provide a powerful platform for proteomics application offering a rapid and efficient methodology for low molecular weight biomarker discovery. 相似文献
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前列腺癌(PCa)是全球最常见的男性泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤。手术、内分泌治疗、放疗和化疗是PCa的主要临床治疗选择。纳米药物递送系统具有良好的可控释放特性和较好的肿瘤靶向能力,并可通过增强的渗透性和保留(EPR)效应被动靶向肿瘤。通过精巧的设计组装和外表修饰赋予纳米递药系统与众不同的肿瘤治疗效果。本文介绍用于PCa治疗的先进纳米药物递送系统以及未来发展。 相似文献
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Montserrat Colilla Miguel Manzano María Vallet-Regí 《International journal of nanomedicine》2008,3(4):403-414
Research in the development of new bioceramics with local drug delivery capability for bone regeneration technologies is receiving great interest by the scientific biomedical community. Among bioceramics, silica-based ordered mesoporous materials are excellent candidates as bone implants due to two main reasons: first, the bioactive behavior of such materials in contact with simulated body fluids, ie, a carbonate hydroxyapatite similar to the mineral phase of bone is formed onto the materials surfaces. Second, their capability of acting as delivery systems of a large variety of biologically active molecules, including drugs to treat bone infection, inflammation or diseases, and molecules that promote bone tissue regeneration, such as peptides, proteins, growth factors, and other osteogenic agents. The recent chemical and technological advances in the nanometer scale has allowed the design of mesoporous silicas with tailored structural and textural properties aimed at achieving a better control over molecule loading and release kinetics. Moreover organic modification of mesoporous silica walls has been revealed as a key strategy to modulate molecule adsorption and delivery rates. 相似文献